Kaurenoic acid for COVID-19

c19early.org

COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Evidence

COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors, providing many therapeutic targets. c19early analyzes 6,000+ studies for 210+ treatments—over 17 million hours of research. Only three high-profit early treatments are approved in the US. In reality, many treatments reduce risk, with 25 low-cost treatments approved across 163 countries.

Naso/oropharyngeal treatment Effective Treatment directly to the primary source of initial infection.
Healthy lifestyles Protective Exercise, sunlight, a healthy diet, and good sleep all reduce risk.
Immune support Effective Vitamins A, C, D, and zinc show reduced risk, as with other viruses.
Thermotherapy Effective Methods for increasing internal body temperature, enhancing immune system function.
Systemic agents Effective Many systemic agents reduce risk, and may be required when infection progresses.
High-profit systemic agents Conditional Effective, but with greater access and cost barriers.
Monoclonal antibodies Limited Utility Effective but rarely used—high cost, variant dependence, IV/SC admin.
Acetaminophen Harmful Increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality.
Remdesivir Harmful Increased mortality with longer followup. Increased kidney and liver injury, cardiac disorders.

Kaurenoic acid may be beneficial for COVID-19 according to the study below. COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors providing many therapeutic targets. Scientists have proposed 11,000+ potential treatments. c19early.org analyzes 210+ treatments. We have not reviewed kaurenoic acid in detail.

Study suggesting benefit with kaurenoic acid

Santos et al., Kaurenoic acid is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, virion assembly, and release in vitro, Frontiers in Microbiology, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540934

IntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, continues to pose global health challenges despite the availability of approved vaccines and antiviral drugs. The emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and ongoing post-COVID complications necessitate continuous exploration of effective treatments. Kaurenoic acid (KA) is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plants of the Copaifera genus and has been previously recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor properties. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the in vitro effects of KA on viruses. Here, we evaluated its effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication for the first time.Methods and ResultsKA demonstrated a high selective index of 16.1 against SARS-CoV-2 and robust effectiveness against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) and BA.2 (Omicron) variants. Mechanistically, KA was shown to impair the post-entry steps of viral replication. In a subgenomic replicon system, we observed a decrease in viral RNA synthesis in different cell lines. Using an infectious virus, a larger reduction in the release of SARS-CoV-2 virions was observed. We suggest that KA interacts with SARS-CoV-2 proteases through molecular docking.ConclusionIn conclusion, KA emerges as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases and, consequently, its replication cycle. It could be a good candidate for further investigation in clinical assays against SARS-CoV-2 infection.