PIN-21 for COVID-19
c19early.org
COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Evidence
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors, providing many therapeutic targets.
c19early analyzes 6,000+ studies for 210+ treatments—over 17 million hours of research.
Only three high-profit early treatments are approved in the US.
In reality, many treatments reduce risk,
with 25 low-cost treatments approved across 163 countries.
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Naso/
oropharyngeal treatment Effective Treatment directly to the primary source of initial infection. -
Healthy lifestyles Protective Exercise, sunlight, a healthy diet, and good sleep all reduce risk.
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Immune support Effective Vitamins A, C, D, and zinc show reduced risk, as with other viruses.
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Thermotherapy Effective Methods for increasing internal body temperature, enhancing immune system function.
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Systemic agents Effective Many systemic agents reduce risk, and may be required when infection progresses.
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High-profit systemic agents Conditional Effective, but with greater access and cost barriers.
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Monoclonal antibodies Limited Utility Effective but rarely used—high cost, variant dependence, IV/SC admin.
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Acetaminophen Harmful Increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality.
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Remdesivir Harmful Increased mortality with longer followup. Increased kidney and liver injury, cardiac disorders.
PIN-21 may be beneficial for
COVID-19 according to the study below.
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors providing many therapeutic targets.
Scientists have proposed 11,000+ potential treatments.
c19early.org analyzes
210+ treatments.
We have not reviewed PIN-21 in detail.
, The pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution and therapeutic efficacy of a trimeric nanobody against SARS-CoV-2 in the Syrian golden hamster COVID-19 model, bioRxiv, doi:10.64898/2025.12.17.694727
Abstract The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 prompted the development of anti-viral therapies and vaccines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The continuous emergence of variants of concern has necessitated the development of platforms that can be rapidly adapted. Nanobodies, offer advantages over conventional monoclonal antibodies, including low molecular weight, high antigen-binding affinity, enhanced tissue penetration, blood–brain barrier permeability, and simplified production. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of nanobodies against respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A virus in animal models. We previously reported the protective effects of nanobody trimers against SARS-CoV-2. However, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution data for nanobodies remain limited. To address this, we evaluated the efficacy, biodistribution and longevity of action of a nanobody trimer (A8) administered intranasally (IN) or intraperitoneally (IP) in Syrian golden hamsters. Our findings revealed that the A8 trimer reached peak concentrations shortly after administration and was subsequently cleared from the system via both routes. Importantly, early administration of A8 trimer reduced virus mediated weight loss and viral load compared with untreated controls supporting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infection.