Oleic acid for COVID-19

 Oleic acid has been reported as potentially beneficial for COVID-19 in the following studies.
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 350+ viral and host proteins and factors providing many therapeutic targets. Scientists have proposed 10,000+ potential treatments. c19early.org analyzes 210+ treatments. We have not reviewed oleic acid in detail.
Liu et al., Elucidation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory bioactives in Qingyan Dropping Pills via integrated in silico screening and bioactivity validation, Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1684713
Background The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised significant public health concerns. Qingyan Dropping Pills (QDP), as a recommended drug, is issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China for the treatment of COVID-19. However, its bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action remain largely unidentified. In this study, the integration of computational and experimental approaches was performed to identify the bioactive compounds in QDP and elucidate its mechanisms against COVID-19. Methods Utilizing UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, the chemical compounds of QDP were delineated, followed by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S pro ), main protease (M pro ), and papain-like protease (PL pro ). To validate the inhibitory activity of these compounds, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays were employed. The antivival efficacy was tested in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 variant. Moreover, anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated via the measurement of inflammatory markers, including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ). Results Among the 48 identified compounds, 33 demonstrated potential antiviral activity against COVID-19. Notably, Hamamelitannin (HAM), corilagin (COR), and rhoifolin (RHO) effectively interacted with S pro , M pro and PL pro in silico . In SPR assays, the equilibrium dissociation constant ( K D ) for COR and RHO ranged from 4.515 × 10 −8 M to 7.718 × 10 −6 M, while HAM showed strong binding affinity to S pro ( K D = 9.33 × 10 −8 M) but weaker affinity for M pro and PL pro . In FRET assays, COR and RHO inhibited..
Barkat et al., Bidirectional approach of Punica granatum natural compounds: reduction in lung cancer and SARS-CoV-2 propagation, BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04738-1
Loucera et al., Drug repurposing for COVID-19 using machine learning and mechanistic models of signal transduction circuits related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00417-y
Mehyar, N., Coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors: A systematic review of in vitro studies, Journal of Virus Eradication, doi:10.1016/j.jve.2023.100327
Ali et al., Computational Prediction of Nigella sativa Compounds as Potential Drug Agents for Targeting Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2, Pakistan BioMedical Journal, doi:10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.853
SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has rapidly devastated worldwide. The lack of approved therapeutic drugs has intensified the global situation, so researchers are seeking potential treatments using regular drug agents and traditional herbs as well. Objectives: To identify new therapeutic agents from Nigella sativa against spike protein (PDB ID: 7BZ5) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The 46 compounds from N. sativa were docked with spike protein using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and compared with commercially available anti-viral drugs e.g., Arbidol, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Nelfinavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine. The Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MDS) analysis was also applied to determine ligand-protein complex stability. Furthermore, the pharmacological properties of compounds were also analyzed using AdmetSAR and SwissADME. Results: Out of its total 46 ligands, 8 compounds i.e., Methyl stearate, Eicosadienoic acid, Oleic acid, Stearic acid, Linoleic acid, Myristoleic acid, Palmitic acid, and Farnesol were selected for further analysis based on their minimum binding energy ranges from -7.45 to -7.07 kcal/mol. The docking scores of N. sativa phytocompounds were similar to drugs taken as control. Moreover, post simulation analysis of Methyl stearate complex predicted the most stable conformer. Conclusions: Further, in-vivo experiments are suggested to validate the medicinal use of Methyl stearate as potential inhibitors against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Heleno et al., Plant Extracts and SARS-CoV-2: Research and Applications, Life, doi:10.3390/life13020386
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has brought upon the world an unprecedented challenge. During its acute dissemination, a rush for vaccines started, making the scientific community come together and contribute to the development of efficient therapeutic agents and vaccines. Natural products have been used as sources of individual molecules and extracts capable of inhibiting/neutralizing several microorganisms, including viruses. Natural extracts have shown effective results against the coronavirus family, when first tested in the outbreak of SARS-CoV-1, back in 2002. In this review, the relationship between natural extracts and SARS-CoV is discussed, while also providing insight into misinformation regarding the use of plants as possible therapeutic agents. Studies with plant extracts on coronaviruses are presented, as well as the main inhibition assays and trends for the future regarding the yet unknown long-lasting effects post-infection with SARS-CoV-2.