PDSTP for COVID-19

c19early.org

COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Evidence

COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors, providing many therapeutic targets. c19early analyzes 6,000+ studies for 210+ treatments—over 17 million hours of research. Only three high-profit early treatments are approved in the US. In reality, many treatments reduce risk, with 25 low-cost treatments approved across 163 countries.

Naso/oropharyngeal treatment Effective Treatment directly to the primary source of initial infection.
Healthy lifestyles Protective Exercise, sunlight, a healthy diet, and good sleep all reduce risk.
Immune support Effective Vitamins A, C, D, and zinc show reduced risk, as with other viruses.
Thermotherapy Effective Methods for increasing internal body temperature, enhancing immune system function.
Systemic agents Effective Many systemic agents reduce risk, and may be required when infection progresses.
High-profit systemic agents Conditional Effective, but with greater access and cost barriers.
Monoclonal antibodies Limited Utility Effective but rarely used—high cost, variant dependence, IV/SC admin.
Acetaminophen Harmful Increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality.
Remdesivir Harmful Increased mortality with longer followup. Increased kidney and liver injury, cardiac disorders.

PDSTP may be beneficial for COVID-19 according to the study below. COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors providing many therapeutic targets. Scientists have proposed 11,000+ potential treatments. c19early.org analyzes 210+ treatments. We have not reviewed PDSTP in detail.

Study suggesting benefit with PDSTP

Sanna et al., Efficacy of dispirotripiperazine PDSTP in a golden Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, Frontiers in Microbiology, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1546946

The increasing incidence of viral pandemics calls for new small-molecule therapeutics beyond traditional approaches and targets. Dispirotripiperazine, composed of two positively charged nitrogen atoms, represents an unusual scaffold in drug discovery campaigns, and molecules based on it are known to prevent virus infection by disrupting early host–pathogen interactions. In this study, the adhesion-blocking dispirotripiperazine core compound PDSTP was evaluated against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that the molecule was acceptably active against two clinical isolates affecting the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 cycle. In a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, PDSTP treatment resulted in reduced viral loads in the lungs and turbinates and milder lung tissue lesions. Overall, these data support PDSTP as a preclinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.