Voriconazole for COVID-19
c19early.org
COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Evidence
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors, providing many therapeutic targets.
c19early analyzes 6,000+ studies for 210+ treatments—over 17 million hours of research.
Only three high-profit early treatments are approved in the US.
In reality, many treatments reduce risk,
with 25 low-cost treatments approved across 163 countries.
-
Naso/
oropharyngeal treatment Effective Treatment directly to the primary source of initial infection. -
Healthy lifestyles Protective Exercise, sunlight, a healthy diet, and good sleep all reduce risk.
-
Immune support Effective Vitamins A, C, D, and zinc show reduced risk, as with other viruses.
-
Thermotherapy Effective Methods for increasing internal body temperature, enhancing immune system function.
-
Systemic agents Effective Many systemic agents reduce risk, and may be required when infection progresses.
-
High-profit systemic agents Conditional Effective, but with greater access and cost barriers.
-
Monoclonal antibodies Limited Utility Effective but rarely used—high cost, variant dependence, IV/SC admin.
-
Acetaminophen Harmful Increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality.
-
Remdesivir Harmful Increased mortality with longer followup. Increased kidney and liver injury, cardiac disorders.
Voriconazole may be beneficial for
COVID-19 according to the study below.
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors providing many therapeutic targets.
Scientists have proposed 11,000+ potential treatments.
c19early.org analyzes
210+ treatments.
We have not reviewed voriconazole in detail.
, Repositioning Triazoles as Phosphodiesterase‐4 Inhibitors to Suppress
COVID
‐19 Cytokine Storms and Fungal Co‐Infections via Docking and Simulation, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1111/jcmm.70902
ABSTRACT Severe COVID‐19 cases are often characterised by a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm, which leads to immune dysregulation and increased mortality. Simultaneously, opportunistic fungal infections such as mucormycosis have been increasingly reported, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Triazole antifungals are widely used to treat such infections, but their potential immunomodulatory effects remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the off‐target potential of commonly used antifungal triazoles itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole against human phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE‐4), a key enzyme involved in the regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explicitly propose and computationally validate the dual role of triazole antifungals as both antifungal and immunomodulatory agents. A computational approach comprising molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum chemical analysis was employed to evaluate the interaction of the selected triazoles with PDE‐4. Binding affinity and interaction stability were compared with roflumilast, a known PDE‐4 inhibitor. Among the tested triazoles, posaconazole exhibited the most favourable binding energy (−44.60 kcal/mol via MM‐GBSA), forming stable interactions with key residues in the catalytic site of PDE‐4, similar to those observed with roflumilast. MD simulations further confirmed the binding stability of posaconazole, as evidenced by favourable RMSD and hydrogen bonding patterns. Quantum chemical analysis indicated strong electrophilicity and reactivity of posaconazole, supporting its potential PDE‐4 inhibitory activity. The findings suggest that certain triazole antifungals, especially posaconazole, may both fight fungal infections and reduce the cytokine storm in severe COVID‐19, offering a promising rapid‐response therapeutic strategy.