COVID-19 early treatment: real-time analysis of 3,494 studies
Analysis of 57 COVID-19 early treatments,
approvals in 102 countries, database of
5,852 treatments
Renieris | 190 patients vitamin D sufficiency: 52% lower mortality (p=0.04) |
Rabe | 6,145 patients HCQ prophylaxis: 29% fewer cases (p=0.22) |
Wei | 725 patients paxlovid late treatment: no change in mortality (p=1), 38% higher ventilation (p=0.04), 122% higher ICU admission (p=0.05), and 28% higher progression (p=0.07) |
Leducq | Prospective study of 264 high-risk COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab was associated with 5 times higher.. |
Hulscher | Review of evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can damage cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and.. |
Treatment cost times median NNT - details and limitations.
0.6% of treatments show efficacy.
Timeline for when studies showed efficacy - details and limitations.
0.6% of treatments show efficacy.
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All clinical results for selected treatments. 0.6% of treatments show efficacy.
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Random effects meta-analysis of all studies (pooled effects, all stages). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all stages and outcomes depend on the distribution of stages and outcomes tested - for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage and outcome analyses. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.6% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of early treatment studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.6% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of all mortality results (all stages). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all stages depend on the distribution of stages tested - for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage analyses. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.6% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of early treatment mortality results. Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.6% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of prophylaxis studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.6% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of prophylaxis mortality results. Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.6% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. |
LATE TREATMENT | ||||||
Physician / Team | Location | Patients | HospitalizationHosp. | MortalityDeath | ||
Dr. David Uip (*) | Brazil | 2,200 | 38.6% (850) | Ref. | 2.5% (54) | Ref. |
EARLY TREATMENT - 39 physicians/teams | ||||||
Physician / Team | Location | Patients | HospitalizationHosp. | ImprovementImp. | MortalityDeath | ImprovementImp. |
Dr. Roberto Alfonso Accinelli 0/360 deaths for treatment within 3 days |
Peru | 1,265 | 0.6% (7) | 77.5% | ||
Dr. Mohammed Tarek Alam patients up to 84 years old |
Bangladesh | 100 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Oluwagbenga Alonge | Nigeria | 310 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Raja Bhattacharya up to 88yo, 81% comorbidities |
India | 148 | 1.4% (2) | 44.9% | ||
Dr. Flavio Cadegiani | Brazil | 3,450 | 0.1% (4) | 99.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Alessandro Capucci | Italy | 350 | 4.6% (16) | 88.2% | ||
Dr. Shankara Chetty | South Africa | 8,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Deborah Chisholm | USA | 100 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Ryan Cole | USA | 400 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Marco Cosentino vs. 3-3.8% mortality during period; earlier treatment better |
Italy | 392 | 6.4% (25) | 83.5% | 0.3% (1) | 89.6% |
Dr. Jeff Davis | USA | 6,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Dhanajay | India | 500 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Bryan Tyson & Dr. George Fareed | USA | 20,000 | 0.0% (6) | 99.9% | 0.0% (4) | 99.2% |
Dr. Raphael Furtado | Brazil | 170 | 0.6% (1) | 98.5% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Heather Gessling | USA | 1,500 | 0.1% (1) | 97.3% | ||
Dr. Ellen Guimarães | Brazil | 500 | 1.6% (8) | 95.9% | 0.4% (2) | 83.7% |
Dr. Syed Haider | USA | 4,000 | 0.1% (5) | 99.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Mark Hancock | USA | 24 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Sabine Hazan | USA | 1,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Mollie James | USA | 3,500 | 1.1% (40) | 97.0% | 0.0% (1) | 98.8% |
Dr. Roberta Lacerda | Brazil | 550 | 1.5% (8) | 96.2% | 0.4% (2) | 85.2% |
Dr. Katarina Lindley | USA | 100 | 5.0% (5) | 87.1% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Ben Marble | USA | 150,000 | 0.0% (4) | 99.9% | ||
Dr. Edimilson Migowski | Brazil | 2,000 | 0.3% (7) | 99.1% | 0.1% (2) | 95.9% |
Dr. Abdulrahman Mohana | Saudi Arabia | 2,733 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Carlos Nigro | Brazil | 5,000 | 0.9% (45) | 97.7% | 0.5% (23) | 81.3% |
Dr. Benoit Ochs | Luxembourg | 800 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Ortore | Italy | 240 | 1.2% (3) | 96.8% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Valerio Pascua one death for a patient presenting on the 5th day in need of supplemental oxygen |
Honduras | 415 | 6.3% (26) | 83.8% | 0.2% (1) | 90.2% |
Dr. Sebastian Pop | Romania | 300 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Brian Proctor | USA | 869 | 2.3% (20) | 94.0% | 0.2% (2) | 90.6% |
Dr. Anastacio Queiroz | Brazil | 700 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Didier Raoult | France | 8,315 | 2.6% (214) | 93.3% | 0.1% (5) | 97.6% |
Dr. Karin Ried up to 99yo, 73% comorbidities, av. age 63 |
Turkey | 237 | 0.4% (1) | 82.8% | ||
Dr. Roman Rozencwaig patients up to 86 years old |
Canada | 80 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Vipul Shah | India | 8,000 | 0.1% (5) | 97.5% | ||
Dr. Silvestre Sobrinho | Brazil | 116 | 8.6% (10) | 77.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Unknown | Brazil | 957 | 1.7% (16) | 95.7% | 0.2% (2) | 91.5% |
Dr. Vladimir Zelenko | USA | 2,200 | 0.5% (12) | 98.6% | 0.1% (2) | 96.3% |
Mean improvement with early treatment protocols | 237,521 | HospitalizationHosp. | 94.1% | MortalityDeath | 94.7% |
Physician results with early treatment protocols compared to
no early treatment. These results are subject to selection and ascertainment
bias and more accurate analysis requires details of the patient populations
and followup, however results are consistently better across many teams, and consistent
with the extensive controlled trial evidence that shows a significant
reduction in risk with many early treatments, and improved results with the
use of multiple treatments in combination.
Wei | 725 patients late treatment: no change in mortality (p=1), 38% higher ventilation (p=0.04), 122% higher ICU admission (p=0.05), and 28% higher progression (p=0.07) |
Leducq | Prospective study of 264 high-risk COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab was associated with 5 times higher.. |
Leducq | Prospective study of 264 high-risk COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab was associated with 5 times higher.. |
Leducq | Prospective study of 264 high-risk COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab was associated with 5 times higher.. |
Hulscher | Review of evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can damage cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and.. |
DiGuilio | In Vitro analysis of quercetin on airway epithelial barrier function using the Calu-3 cell culture model. Results show that quercetin increases.. |
Wu | In Vitro and mouse study showing that quercetin may ameliorate COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury through modulation of macrophage polarization.. |
Yong | PSM retrospective 64,587 asthmatic patients using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and 64,587 matched controls without ICS use. ICS medications.. |
Recent studies (see the individual treatment pages for all studies):
Nov 23 |
et al., The Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad523 | Spike protein genetic evolution in patients at high-risk of severe COVID-19 treated by monoclonal antibodies |
Prospective study of 264 high-risk COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab was associated with 5 times higher risk of emergence of mutations. Treatment with sotrovimab was linked to mutations associate.. | ||
Nov 23 |
et al., Infectious Diseases and Therapy, doi:10.1007/s40121-023-00891-1 | Virologic Outcomes with Molnupiravir in Non-hospitalized Adult Patients with COVID-19 from the Randomized, Placebo-Controlled MOVe-OUT Trial |
Virological outcomes for the MOVe-OUT trial. Results are shown with the main paper [Jayk Bernal]. | ||
Nov 23 |
et al., Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1271201 | Quercetin improves and protects Calu-3 airway epithelial barrier function |
In Vitro analysis of quercetin on airway epithelial barrier function using the Calu-3 cell culture model. Results show that quercetin increases transepithelial electrical resistance and decreases transepithelial leaks, indicating improved.. | ||
Nov 21 |
et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.49204 | Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination |
Review of evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can damage cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and immunological systems, and may be a primary cause of long COVID symptoms. Authors introduce a .. | ||
Nov 20 |
et al., BJGP Open, doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0109 | The DAWN antivirals trial: process evaluation of a COVID-19 trial in general practice |
83% worse recovery (p=0.36). Very small early terminated RCT with 8 molnupiravir and 17 placebo patients showing worse recovery with molnupiravir, without statistical significance. | ||
Nov 20 |
et al., Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, doi:10.1002/iid3.1083 | Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral N‐acetylcysteine in patients with COVID‐19 receiving the routine antiviral and hydroxychloroquine protocol: A randomized controlled clinical trial |
67% lower mortality (p=0.61). RCT 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at 600mg three times daily to standard antiviral treatment regimens. The NAC group showed significantly greater reduction in C-.. | ||
Nov 17 |
, E., Do Your Own Research, Nov 17, 2023 | Waiting for PRINCIPLE |
Discussion of issues in the ivermectin arm of the PRINCIPLE trial [PRINCIPLE], including the unsupported supply claim and continuation, design issues favoring finding no effect, changes to include lower risk patients, and the extended del.. | ||
Nov 16 |
et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms242216392 | In Vitro Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Ivermectin Interaction |
In Vitro analysis showing a definitive interaction between ivermectin and the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting therapeutic potential for COVID-19. Using equilibrium dialysis and UV–Vis techniques, the study determined the affin.. | ||
Nov 15 |
et al., Inflammopharmacology, doi:10.1007/s10787-023-01385-9 | Nigella sativa and its chemical constituents: pre-clinical and clinical evidence for their potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects |
Review of pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the the use of nigella sativa for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | ||
Nov 15 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11112777 | Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E |
In Vitro and In Silico analysis finding that methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and cyanocobalamin forms of vitamin B12 showed broad-spectrum inhibition against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E. Methylcobalamin had the highest activity.. | ||
Nov 14 |
et al., Biology Methods and Protocols, doi:10.1093/biomethods/bpad033 | Crowdsourcing Temporal Transcriptomic Coronavirus Host Infection Data: resources, guide, and novel insights |
Ensemble transcriptomic analyses showing that HCQ exhibited strong inverse correlations to SARS-CoV-1 infected lung early temporal meta-signatures at 1, 2, and 4 days post-infection. This suggests HCQ may help counteract pathogenic proces.. | ||
Nov 11 |
et al., Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkad1002 | Uridine–cytidine kinase 2 potentiates the mutagenic influence of the antiviral β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine |
In Vitro study showing that molnupiravir increased mutation rates in mouse blood cancer cell lines. The mutagenic effects were enhanced by overexpression of the enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (Uck2), and lessened in Uck2 knockout cells... | ||
Nov 11 |
et al., Medical Data Mining, doi:10.53388/MDM202407003 | Exploring the bioactive compounds of Feiduqing formula for the prevention and management of COVID-19 through network pharmacology and molecular docking |
In Silico study of components of Feiduqing finding that quercetin, among other compounds, has significant binding affinity to PTGS2, HSP90AA1, SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, and ACE2, suggesting that quercetin may have therapeutic potential for COVID-1.. | ||
Nov 11 |
et al., Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07624-2 | Beneficial effects of the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanochelating-based medicines on IL-6 in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 adult patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial |
35% lower mortality (p=0.68), 81% lower need for oxygen therapy, and 22% improved recovery. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 122 moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran, evaluating the addition of BCc1 iron chelator and Hep-S selenium nanomedicines to standard treatment. The nanomedicine group showed.. | ||
Nov 10 |
et al., Journal of Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/jmv.29208 | Discovery of the covalent SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro inhibitors from antiviral herbs via integrating target‐based high‐throughput screening and chemoproteomic approaches |
In Vitro study showing that quercetin can potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro activity. Screening of 60 antiviral herbs showed Lonicera japonica extract inhibited Mpro in a time-dependent manner, indicating the presence of covalent cysteine-.. | ||
Nov 9 |
et al., Diseases, doi:10.3390/diseases11040165 | Association of COVID-19 Infection with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Adults’ Population Aged over 65 Years Old |
42% fewer cases (p=0.001). Retrospective 5,197 Greek adults over 65. After adjustment for confounders, COVID-19 infection was independently associated with poor sleep, low physical activity, low Mediterranean diet adherence, living in urban areas, smoking, obesity,.. | ||
Nov 9 |
et al., Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, doi:10.1002/jbt.23536 | Assessment of toxicological effects of favipiravir (T‐705) on the lung tissue of rats: An experimental study |
Analysis of the toxicological effects of favipiravir on healthy lung tissue in rats. Authors found that favipiravir treatment increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the lung tissue as evidenced by changes in antioxidan.. | ||
Nov 8 |
et al., Cell Host & Microbe, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.007 | Cross-regulation of antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and commensal microbiota via molecular mimicry |
Analysis of the role of oral microbiota, particularly Streptococcus salivarius, in enhancing immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Authors show that several commensal bacteria express proteins that mimic the receptor binding domain of the s.. | ||
Nov 7 |
et al., Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, doi:10.1017/cts.2023.668 | Strategies used for the COVID-OUT decentralized trial of outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2 |
Report on the operation of the COVID-OUT trial noting several issues affecting the reliability of the results: - Use of home pulse oximeters for measuring oxygen saturation: authors note that the FDA warned about inaccuracies with home pu.. | ||
Nov 7 |
et al., MDPI AG, doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0330.v1 | Association between lifestyle factors and COVID-19: findings from Qatar Biobank |
18% more cases (p=0.29). Retrospective 10,000 adults in Qatar, showing higher risk of COVID-19 cases with vitamin B9 supplementation, without statistical significance. Authors do not analyze COVID-19 severity. | ||
Nov 7 |
et al., MDPI AG, doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0402.v1 | Calcitriol Downregulates ACE1/ACE2, Renin and TMPRSS2 Gene Expression in the Human Placenta |
In Vitro study showing calcitriol downregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry), renin (involved in blood pressure regulation), and ACE1/ACE2 ratio in cultured human placental cells. Authors suggest calcitriol could potent.. | ||
Nov 6 |
et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46162-4 | Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with physical activity domains and types |
Retrospective 22,165 adults in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort showing higher levels of total physical activity, vigorous activity, leisure-time activity, household activity, outdoor activity, and indoor activity during the COVID-19 lock.. | ||
Nov 6 |
, E., Do Your Own Research | TOGETHER Files 2: Lawsuit reveals FTX bought effective control of TOGETHER trial, part of SBF's dream of a pharma empire |
Analysis of legal documents showing that a non-profit controlled by FTX's SBF and a former colleague invested >$50 million in the Together Trial and had the right to potentially control the company. Author notes that incorrect and mislead.. | ||
Nov 5 |
et al., DIGITAL HEALTH, doi:10.1177/20552076231207593 | Detecting the most critical clinical variables of COVID-19 breakthrough infection in vaccinated persons using machine learning |
Retrospective 257 individuals, finding higher physical activity as one of the most predictive variables for lower risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection. | ||
Nov 3 |
et al., Frontiers in Immunology, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264447 | SARS-CoV-2 N protein induced acute kidney injury in diabetic db/db mice is associated with a Mincle-dependent M1 macrophage activation |
In Vitro and mouse study showing that quercetin may ameliorate COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury through modulation of macrophage polarization by blocking the Mincle/Syk/NF-kB pathway. Authors suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 N protein c.. | ||
Nov 2 |
et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40608 | Streptococcus salivarius Probiotics to Prevent Acute Otitis Media in Children |
33% fewer cases (p=1). RCT 827 children aged 1-6 years in daycare in Finland analyzing the effectiveness of daily Streptococcus salivarius K12 oral probiotic use for 6 months in preventing acute otitis media (AOM). The probiotic group did not have a significant.. | ||
Nov 2 |
et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms242115894 | Exploring the Binding Effects of Natural Products and Antihypertensive Drugs on SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Investigation of Main Protease and Spike Protein |
In Silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis identifying curcumin, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid B as having favorable binding to Mpro and three distinct sites on the S protein. Molecular dynamics simulat.. | ||
Nov 1 |
et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1204297 | Associations between COVID-19 outcomes and asthmatic patients with inhaled corticosteroid |
PSM retrospective 64,587 asthmatic patients using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and 64,587 matched controls without ICS use. ICS medications included budesonide, mometasone, flunisolide, beclomethasone, fluticasone, and ciclesonide. ICS u.. | ||
Nov 1 |
et al., Health Science Reports, doi:10.1002/hsr2.1676 | The effect of remdesivir on mortality and the outcome of patients with COVID‐19 in intensive care unit: A case–control study |
3% higher mortality (p=1), 52% longer ventilation (p=0.17), 27% longer ICU admission (p=0.23), and 24% longer hospitalization (p=0.22). Retrospective 70 COVID-19 ICU patients, 35 receiving remdesivir plus standard treatment and 35 receiving standard treatment only. No significant differences were found for mortality, hospitalization time, ICU time, or ventilation time. | ||
Nov 1 |
et al., Medical Gas Research, doi:10.4103/2045-9912.385414 | Saying No to SARS-CoV-2: the potential of nitric oxide in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia |
Review of nitric oxide (NO) in the treatment of COVID-19. Authors summarizes evidence from in vitro studies suggesting NO has direct antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 as well as immune modulating and pulmonary protective effects. Small.. | ||
Oct 31 |
et al., Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, doi:10.1017/cts.2023.644 | ACTIV-6: Operationalizing a decentralized, outpatient randomized platform trial to evaluate efficacy of repurposed medicines for COVID-19 |
Discussion of the operation of ACTIV-6 [Naggie] revealing participant fraud - authors identified participants that signed up repeatedly, and participants that withdrew when not randomized to their preferred arm. Authors indicate that they.. | ||
Oct 31 |
et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, doi:10.7326/M23-1394 | Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir Against the Development of Post–COVID-19 Conditions Among U.S. Veterans |
1% lower PASC (p=0.75). Retrospective 9,593 veterans in the USA treated with paxlovid, matched to 9,593 untreated controls, showing no significant difference in post-COVID conditions across 31 different conditions. There was lower risk for the combination of 2 s.. | ||
Oct 31 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3484296/v1 | Liver injury in non-severe COVID-19 with various pandemic phases: a real-world study |
Prospective study of 300 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 in Thailand, showing the highest risk of liver injury with molnupiravir treatment, OR 3.4 (p = 0.06). | ||
Oct 31 |
et al., HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine, doi:10.36518/2689-0216.1546 | A Retrospective Cohort Study Assessing the Impact of Statin Therapy on Hospital Length of Stay and Inpatient Mortality in COVID-19 Patients |
62% higher mortality (p<0.0001). Retrospective 26,445 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the USA, showing higher mortality with remdesivir. | ||
Oct 29 |
et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms242115718 | Sigma Receptor Ligands Prevent COVID Mortality In Vivo: Implications for Future Therapeutics |
Mouse study showing the combination of lactoferrin and diphenhydramine resulted in slower weight loss, improved survival, and faster weight recovery in SARS-CoV-2 infected animals compared to controls. The study authors propose the.. |
We aim to cover the most promising early treatments for
COVID-19. We use pre-specified effect extraction criteria that prioritizes
more serious outcomes, for details see methods. For specific
outcomes and different treatment stages see the individual pages. Not all
treatments are covered here, effectiveness has been reported for many other treatments in studies.
Of the 3,494 studies,
1,982 present results comparing with a control group,
1,795 are treatment studies, and
187 analyze outcomes based on serum levels. There are
46 animal studies,
94 in silico studies,
185 in vitro studies,
212 reviews,
and 146 meta analyses.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments.
c19early involves the extraction of over 100,000 datapoints from
thousands of papers. Community updates
help ensure high accuracy.
Vaccines and treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe
means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or
intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future
variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication,
consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details
of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH
provide treatment protocols.
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.