Mainstream media censorship of COVID-19 treatments

c19early.org November 2025 Media censorship for COVID-19 low-cost treatments Only 18 positive studies were covered: fluvoxamine (3), HCQ (2), antiandrogens (2), budesonide (2), vitamin D, melatonin, probiotics, ivermectin, cannabidiol, famotidinecurcumin, resveratrol, UDCA 53 negative studies were covered: HCQ (15), ivermectin (7), lopinavir/r.. (5), vitamin D (5), azithromycin (4), zinc (2), vitamin C (2), metformin (2), fluvoxamine (2)indomethacin, colchicine, selenium, probiotics, vitamin A, ibuprofen, antiandrogens, vitamin B9, cannabidiol 98% of studies showing significantly lower risk were censored: Media selectively covered negative studies for low-cost treatments Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant mainstream media coverage from 6,000+ studies for 205 treatments 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
c19early.org November 2025 C19 media censorship For low-cost treatments media covered only 18 positive studies: fluvoxamine (3), HCQ (2), antiandrogens (2), budesonide (2), vitamin D, ... 53 negative studies were covered: HCQ (15), ivermectin (7), lopinavir/r.. (5), vitamin D (5), azithromycin (4), ... 98% of positive studies were censored: Media censored positive studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant media coverage from 6,000+ studies for 205 treatments 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
c19early.org November 2025 Media coverage for COVID-19 high-profit treatments 28 positive studies were covered: tocilizumab (5), paxlovid (5), conv. plasma (4), casirivimab/i.. (3), molnupiravir (3), remdesivir (2), peg. lambda (2), sargramostim (2)sarilumab, tixagevimab/c.. 11 negative studies were covered: remdesivir (4), conv. plasma (2), molnupiravir, bebtelovimab, sotrovimab, bamlan../e.., paxlovid 97% of negative studies were not covered: Media selectively covered positive studies for high-profit treatments Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant mainstream media coverage from 6,000+ studies for 205 treatments 2020 2021 2022 2023
c19early.org COVID-19 media coverage For high-profit treatments media covered 28 positive studies: tocilizumab (5), paxlovid (5), conv. plasma (4), casirivimab/i.. (3), ... 11 negative studies were covered: remdesivir (4), conv. plasma (2), molnupiravir, bebtelovimab, sotrovimab, ... 97% of negative studies were not covered: High-profit treatments: bias for positive studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant media coverage from 6,000+ studies for 205 treatments 2020 2021 2022 2023
c19early.org November 2025 Media censorship for COVID-19 ivermectin studies Only 1 positive study was covered: 7 negative studies were covered: 98% of studies showing significantly lower risk were censored: Media censored positive studies, focusing on negative studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant mainstream media coverage from 106 studies for ivermectin treatment 2020 2021 2022 2023
c19early.org November 2025 C19 media censorship for ivermectin For ivermectin the media covered only 1 positive study: 7 negative studies were covered: 98% of positive studies were censored: Media censored positive studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant media coverage from 106 studies for ivermectin treatment 2020 2021 2022 2023
c19early.org November 2025 Media censorship for COVID-19 HCQ studies Only 2 positive studies were covered: 15 negative studies were covered: 99% of studies showing significantly lower risk were censored: Media censored positive studies, focusing on negative studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant mainstream media coverage from 424 studies for HCQ treatment 2020 2021 2022 2023
c19early.org November 2025 C19 media censorship for HCQ For HCQ the media covered only 2 positive studies: 15 negative studies were covered: 99% of positive studies were censored: Media censored positive studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant media coverage from 424 studies for HCQ treatment 2020 2021 2022 2023
c19early.org November 2025 Media censorship for COVID-19 vitamin D studies Only 1 positive study was covered: 5 negative studies were covered: 99% of studies showing significantly lower risk were censored: Media censored positive studies, focusing on negative studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant mainstream media coverage from 126 studies for vitamin D treatment 2020 2021 2022 2023
c19early.org November 2025 C19 media censorship for vitamin D For vitamin D the media covered only 1 positive study: 5 negative studies were covered: 99% of positive studies were censored: Media censored positive studies Data from Altmetric: studies receiving significant media coverage from 126 studies for vitamin D treatment 2020 2021 2022 2023
Analysis of media coverage for the 206 treatments we cover using Altmetric, showing that the media favored negative results for low-cost treatments, and positive results for high-profit treatments. For all papers with a DOI, we retrieved the Altmetric "cited_by_msm_count" which records the number of ~12,000 tracked news outlets that covered the paper1. Papers are considered to have received significant media coverage if they were covered by at least 0.5% of the tracked news outlets.
Why were low-cost treatments censored by the media?
A combination of factors may have led to the media's suppression of low-cost treatments:
Politicization
led to a media environment where coverage was often framed to support a political narrative rather than to provide objective scientific information. As Scott Alexander said:
"if you say anything in favor of ivermectin you will be cast out of civilization and thrown into the circle of social hell reserved for Klan members and 1/6 insurrectionists. All the health officials in the world will shout 'horse dewormer!' at you and compare you to Josef Mengele."
There was strong social pressure to discredit low-cost treatments.
Censorship
of information conflicting with selected authorities. For example, individuals and organizations presenting conflicting science were often banned on Twitter and YouTube.
FDA requires "no adequate, approved, and available alternatives"
in order to grant an EUA for novel high-profit interventions, creating a strong incentive for authorities to ignore or downplay existing low-cost treatments.
Regulatory capture
biases authorities towards high-profit interventions.
Authorities ignored most evidence for low-cost treatments
, for example the NIH references only 2% of studies in delayed, rarely-updated, biased commentaries with no quantitive analysis.
Media coverage of science is often not very accurate
, e.g., misunderstanding confounding issues. For example the media widely considered the RECOVERY HCQ RCT to be conclusive on efficacy, but very late treatment of late stage patients (mostly on oxygen already) with an excessive toxic dose (shown dangerous in a dose comparison RCT) provides no information on the recommended early/prophylactic treatment. With difficulting in understanding basic confounders like treatment delay and dose, the media may favor deferring to authorities. Many studies for low-cost treatments require greater expertise to analyze. Relatively few journalists have a strong ability to analyze clinical trials and are outnumbered by the rest.
Substantial funding from pharmaceutical advertising
biases editorial decisions towards high-profit interventions.
PR power
- companies/teams with strong PR presence are favored in the media, which correlates with high-profit and high conflict of interest studies.
The media was very negative in general
, inflating risk, fear, and anxieties. A negative bias may improve ratings and revenue, increasing motivation to continue watching coverage. A combination of low-cost treatments greatly reducing risk conflicts with the negative narrative.
c19early.org

Low-cost existing treatments

Can reduce risk
Known safety profile
More widely available
Available immediately
Can be distributed in advance for immediate treatment

High-profit novel treatments

Can reduce risk
Inherently risky—long-term and rare side effects unknown
High cost limits use
Limited production
High profit incentivizes unethical behavior
Substantial delay for development and testing
Delayed treatment due to access barriers
References