Outcomes in COVID-19 N-acetylcysteine studies
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Ignatova
20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.043
Early treatment
21%
0.79 [0.63-0.99]
0/285
1/131
21% improvement
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Pellegrini
52%
0.48 [0.33-0.70]
death
138 (n)
726 (n)
Pourhoseingholi
11%
0.89 [0.68-1.18]
death
65/309
274/2,159
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos
97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev
69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-19%
1.19 [0.85-1.66]
death
91/572
44/329
Ramadhan
-135%
2.35 [0.33-16.9]
death
11/75
1/16
Izquierdo
26%
0.74 [0.63-0.88]
death
136/2,071
1,935/17,137
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
death
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Fariña-González
39%
0.61 [0.34-1.09]
death
10/38
44/102
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
death
4/42
4/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
death
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
-13%
1.13 [0.85-1.50]
death
52/97
44/93
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
death
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.05, I2 = 66.2%, p = 0.008
Late treatment
20%
0.80 [0.68-0.94]
449/3,677
2,458/20,940
20% improvement
Huh
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
cases
population-based cohort
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
26% improvement
All studies
20%
0.80 [0.71-0.90]
449/3,962
2,459/21,071
20% improvement
19 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 studies
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 64.1%, p = 0.00032
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Ignatova
20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.043
Early treatment
21%
0.79 [0.63-0.99]
0/285
1/131
21% improvement
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Pellegrini
52%
0.48 [0.33-0.70]
death
138 (n)
726 (n)
Pourhoseingholi
11%
0.89 [0.68-1.18]
death
65/309
274/2,159
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos
97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev
69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-19%
1.19 [0.85-1.66]
death
91/572
44/329
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
death
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Fariña-González
39%
0.61 [0.34-1.09]
death
10/38
44/102
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
death
4/42
4/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
death
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
death
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.07, I2 = 67.6%, p = 0.0085
Late treatment
24%
0.76 [0.62-0.93]
250/1,434
478/3,694
24% improvement
Huh
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
cases
population-based cohort
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
26% improvement
All studies
23%
0.77 [0.68-0.89]
250/1,719
479/3,825
23% improvement
16 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 studies after exclusions
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 64.3%, p = 0.0003
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Pellegrini
52%
0.48 [0.33-0.70]
138 (n)
726 (n)
Pourhoseingholi
11%
0.89 [0.68-1.18]
65/309
274/2,159
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos
97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
2/42
12/40
Avdeev
69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
1/24
3/22
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-19%
1.19 [0.85-1.66]
91/572
44/329
Ramadhan
-135%
2.35 [0.33-16.9]
11/75
1/16
Izquierdo
26%
0.74 [0.63-0.88]
136/2,071
1,935/17,137
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Fariña-González
39%
0.61 [0.34-1.09]
10/38
44/102
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
4/42
4/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
-13%
1.13 [0.85-1.50]
52/97
44/93
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.09, I2 = 68.3%, p = 0.02
Late treatment
22%
0.78 [0.63-0.96]
449/3,653
2,458/20,918
22% improvement
All studies
22%
0.78 [0.63-0.96]
449/3,653
2,458/20,918
22% improvement
15 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 mortality results
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.09, I2 = 68.3%, p = 0.02
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-16%
1.16 [0.59-2.01]
16/67
14/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Taher (DB RCT)
14%
0.86 [0.53-1.40]
18/47
20/45
Avdeev
77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
1/24
4/22
Mousapour (DB RCT)
27%
0.73 [0.28-1.93]
6/42
8/41
Çavuş (ICU)
-20%
1.20 [0.91-1.58]
55/97
44/93
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 2.4%, p = 0.6
Late treatment
-7%
1.07 [0.85-1.34]
96/277
90/269
7% increased risk
All studies
-7%
1.07 [0.85-1.34]
96/277
90/269
7% increased risk
5 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 2.4%, p = 0.6
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT)
9%
0.91 [0.59-1.28]
29/67
32/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Taher (DB RCT)
20%
0.80 [0.44-1.47]
47 (n)
45 (n)
Avdeev
77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
1/24
4/22
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-34%
1.34 [0.97-1.84]
107/572
46/329
Çavuş (ICU)
12%
0.88 [0.55-1.39]
97 (n)
93 (n)
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 34.2%, p = 0.92
Late treatment
1%
0.99 [0.75-1.29]
137/807
82/557
1% improvement
All studies
1%
0.99 [0.75-1.29]
137/807
82/557
1% improvement
5 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 ICU results
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 34.2%, p = 0.92
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Ignatova
20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.043
Early treatment
21%
0.79 [0.63-0.99]
0/285
1/131
21% improvement
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-10%
1.10 [0.37-3.23]
hosp. time
67 (n)
68 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Taher (DB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.31-1.45]
hosp. time
47 (n)
45 (n)
Avdeev
15%
0.85 [0.75-0.96]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Rahimi (SB RCT)
8%
0.92 [0.68-1.26]
hosp. time
20 (n)
20 (n)
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
13%
0.87 [0.74-1.02]
hosp. time
97 (n)
93 (n)
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Late treatment
15%
0.85 [0.80-0.91]
0/279
0/270
15% improvement
All studies
15%
0.85 [0.79-0.90]
0/564
1/401
15% improvement
8 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 hospitalization results
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.33
Early treatment
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
0/229
1/76
80% improvement
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Pellegrini
52%
0.48 [0.33-0.70]
death
138 (n)
726 (n)
Pourhoseingholi
11%
0.89 [0.68-1.18]
death
65/309
274/2,159
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos
97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev
69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-19%
1.19 [0.85-1.66]
death
91/572
44/329
Ramadhan
-135%
2.35 [0.33-16.9]
death
11/75
1/16
Izquierdo
26%
0.74 [0.63-0.88]
death
136/2,071
1,935/17,137
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
death
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Fariña-González
39%
0.61 [0.34-1.09]
death
10/38
44/102
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
death
4/42
4/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
death
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
-13%
1.13 [0.85-1.50]
death
52/97
44/93
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
death
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.09, I2 = 68.3%, p = 0.02
Late treatment
22%
0.78 [0.63-0.96]
449/3,653
2,458/20,918
22% improvement
All studies
22%
0.78 [0.63-0.96]
449/3,882
2,459/20,994
22% improvement
16 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 serious outcomes
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.09, I2 = 66.6%, p = 0.017
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
83%
0.17 [0.13-0.24]
no recov.
229 (n)
75 (n)
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Early treatment
83%
0.17 [0.13-0.24]
0/229
0/75
83% improvement
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
51%
0.49 [0.32-0.75]
Ct imp.
24 (n)
22 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Taher (DB RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.60-1.22]
no recov.
25/47
28/45
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
1%
0.99 [0.81-1.20]
no disch.
180/572
105/329
Mousapour (DB RCT)
5%
0.95 [0.74-1.21]
no disch.
31/42
32/41
Tau2 = 0.04, I2 = 66.4%, p = 0.14
Late treatment
17%
0.83 [0.65-1.06]
236/685
165/437
17% improvement
All studies
41%
0.59 [0.32-1.09]
236/914
165/512
41% improvement
5 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 recovery results
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.48, I2 = 95.7%, p = 0.094
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Huh
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
cases
population-based cohort
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Prophylaxis
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
26% improvement
All studies
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
26% improvement
1 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 case result
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.33
Early treatment
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
0/229
1/76
80% improvement
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
death
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
death
4/42
4/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
death
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
death
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00027
Late treatment
16%
0.84 [0.77-0.92]
81/311
101/316
16% improvement
All studies
16%
0.84 [0.77-0.92]
81/540
102/392
16% improvement
8 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.00025
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
12/47
14/45
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
4/42
4/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.11
Late treatment
16%
0.84 [0.67-1.04]
81/287
101/294
16% improvement
All studies
16%
0.84 [0.67-1.04]
81/287
101/294
16% improvement
6 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 RCT mortality results
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.11
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Ignatova
20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.043
Early treatment
21%
0.79 [0.63-0.99]
0/285
1/131
21% improvement
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Pellegrini
52%
0.48 [0.33-0.70]
death
138 (n)
726 (n)
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Assimakopoulos
97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev
69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-19%
1.19 [0.85-1.66]
death
91/572
44/329
Ramadhan
-135%
2.35 [0.33-16.9]
death
11/75
1/16
Izquierdo
26%
0.74 [0.63-0.88]
death
136/2,071
1,935/17,137
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
death
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Fariña-González
39%
0.61 [0.34-1.09]
death
10/38
44/102
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
death
4/42
4/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
death
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
-13%
1.13 [0.85-1.50]
death
52/97
44/93
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
death
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Tau2 = 0.06, I2 = 68.2%, p = 0.01
Late treatment
21%
0.79 [0.65-0.94]
384/3,368
2,184/18,781
21% improvement
All studies
21%
0.79 [0.67-0.93]
384/3,653
2,185/18,912
21% improvement
17 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 peer reviewed studies
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
Tau2 = 0.05, I2 = 64.3%, p = 0.0043
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome)
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Altay (DB RCT)
80%
0.20 [0.01-4.85]
hosp.
0/229
1/76
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Altay (DB RCT)
83%
0.17 [0.13-0.24]
no recov.
229 (n)
75 (n)
CT1
Ignatova
20%
0.80 [0.64-1.00]
hosp. time
56 (n)
55 (n)
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-3%
1.03 [0.41-2.27]
death
9/67
9/68
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-16%
1.16 [0.59-2.01]
ventilation
16/67
14/68
de Alencar (DB RCT)
9%
0.91 [0.59-1.28]
ICU
29/67
32/68
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-12%
1.12 [0.77-1.65]
ICU
67 (n)
68 (n)
de Alencar (DB RCT)
-10%
1.10 [0.37-3.23]
hosp. time
67 (n)
68 (n)
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.77-0.93]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
Gaynitdinova (RCT)
51%
0.49 [0.32-0.75]
Ct imp.
24 (n)
22 (n)
Pellegrini
52%
0.48 [0.33-0.70]
death
138 (n)
726 (n)
Pourhoseingholi
11%
0.89 [0.68-1.18]
death
65/309
274/2,159
Taher (DB RCT)
18%
0.82 [0.43-1.58]
death
12/47
14/45
Taher (DB RCT)
14%
0.86 [0.53-1.40]
ventilation
18/47
20/45
Taher (DB RCT)
20%
0.80 [0.44-1.47]
ICU
47 (n)
45 (n)
Taher (DB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.31-1.45]
hosp. time
47 (n)
45 (n)
Taher (DB RCT)
15%
0.85 [0.60-1.22]
no recov.
25/47
28/45
Assimakopoulos
97%
0.03 [0.00-0.30]
death
2/42
12/40
Avdeev
69%
0.31 [0.03-2.72]
death
1/24
3/22
Avdeev
77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
ventilation
1/24
4/22
Avdeev
77%
0.23 [0.03-1.90]
ICU
1/24
4/22
Avdeev
15%
0.85 [0.75-0.96]
hosp. time
24 (n)
22 (n)
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-19%
1.19 [0.85-1.66]
death
91/572
44/329
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
-34%
1.34 [0.97-1.84]
ICU
107/572
46/329
STORM
Faverio (PSW)
1%
0.99 [0.81-1.20]
no disch.
180/572
105/329
Ramadhan
-135%
2.35 [0.33-16.9]
death
11/75
1/16
Izquierdo
26%
0.74 [0.63-0.88]
death
136/2,071
1,935/17,137
Delić (RCT)
10%
0.90 [0.63-1.30]
death
21/39
31/52
Intubated patients
Fariña-González
39%
0.61 [0.34-1.09]
death
10/38
44/102
Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)
2%
0.98 [0.26-3.64]
death
4/42
4/41
Mousapour (DB RCT)
27%
0.73 [0.28-1.93]
ventilation
6/42
8/41
Mousapour (DB RCT)
6%
0.94 [0.67-1.32]
no improv.
25/42
26/41
Mousapour (DB RCT)
5%
0.95 [0.74-1.21]
no disch.
31/42
32/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.40-1.11]
death
10/20
15/20
ICU patients
Rahimi (SB RCT)
8%
0.92 [0.68-1.26]
hosp. time
20 (n)
20 (n)
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
-13%
1.13 [0.85-1.50]
death
52/97
44/93
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
-20%
1.20 [0.91-1.58]
ventilation
55/97
44/93
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
12%
0.88 [0.55-1.39]
ICU
97 (n)
93 (n)
ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)
13%
0.87 [0.74-1.02]
hosp. time
97 (n)
93 (n)
ICU patients
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)
16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
death
25/72
28/68
ICU patients
Huh
26%
0.74 [0.68-0.80]
cases
population-based cohort
N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 outcomes
c19 early.org/na Jun 2023
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors N-acetylcysteine
Favors control
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