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Outcomes in COVID-19 N-acetylcysteine studies

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All studies   Exclusions   Mortality   Ventilation   ICU   Hospitalization   Serious outcomes   Recovery   Cases   RCTs   RCT mortality   Peer-reviewed   All outcomes  
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 20% 19 25,033 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 22% 15 24,571 Ventilation -7% 5 546 ICU admission 1% 5 1,364 Hospitalization 15% 8 965 Recovery 41% 5 1,426 Cases 26% 1 0 RCTs 16% 8 932 RCT mortality 16% 6 581 Peer-reviewed 21% 17 22,565 Prophylaxis 26% 1 0 Early 21% 2 416 Late 20% 16 24,617 N-acetylcysteine for COVID-19 c19early.org/na Jun 2023 FavorsN-acetylcysteine Favorscontrol after exclusions
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] hosp. 0/229 1/76 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ignatova 20% 0.80 [0.64-1.00] hosp. time 56 (n) 55 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.043 Early treatment 21% 0.79 [0.63-0.99] 0/285 1/131 21% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] death 9/67 9/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.93] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) Pellegrini 52% 0.48 [0.33-0.70] death 138 (n) 726 (n) Pourhoseingholi 11% 0.89 [0.68-1.18] death 65/309 274/2,159 Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] death 12/47 14/45 Assimakopoulos 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.30] death 2/42 12/40 Avdeev 69% 0.31 [0.03-2.72] death 1/24 3/22 STORM Faverio (PSW) -19% 1.19 [0.85-1.66] death 91/572 44/329 Ramadhan -135% 2.35 [0.33-16.9] death 11/75 1/16 Izquierdo 26% 0.74 [0.63-0.88] death 136/2,071 1,935/17,137 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] death 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Fariña-González 39% 0.61 [0.34-1.09] death 10/38 44/102 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] death 4/42 4/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] death 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) -13% 1.13 [0.85-1.50] death 52/97 44/93 ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] death 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.05, I​2​ = 66.2%, p = 0.008 Late treatment 20% 0.80 [0.68-0.94] 449/3,677 2,458/20,940 20% improvement Huh 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] cases population-based cohort Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Prophylaxis 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] 26% improvement All studies 20% 0.80 [0.71-0.90] 449/3,962 2,459/21,071 20% improvement 19 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 studies c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.03, I​2​ = 64.1%, p = 0.00032 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] hosp. 0/229 1/76 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ignatova 20% 0.80 [0.64-1.00] hosp. time 56 (n) 55 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.043 Early treatment 21% 0.79 [0.63-0.99] 0/285 1/131 21% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] death 9/67 9/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.93] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) Pellegrini 52% 0.48 [0.33-0.70] death 138 (n) 726 (n) Pourhoseingholi 11% 0.89 [0.68-1.18] death 65/309 274/2,159 Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] death 12/47 14/45 Assimakopoulos 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.30] death 2/42 12/40 Avdeev 69% 0.31 [0.03-2.72] death 1/24 3/22 STORM Faverio (PSW) -19% 1.19 [0.85-1.66] death 91/572 44/329 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] death 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Fariña-González 39% 0.61 [0.34-1.09] death 10/38 44/102 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] death 4/42 4/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] death 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] death 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.07, I​2​ = 67.6%, p = 0.0085 Late treatment 24% 0.76 [0.62-0.93] 250/1,434 478/3,694 24% improvement Huh 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] cases population-based cohort Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Prophylaxis 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] 26% improvement All studies 23% 0.77 [0.68-0.89] 250/1,719 479/3,825 23% improvement 16 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 studies after exclusions c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.03, I​2​ = 64.3%, p = 0.0003 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] 9/67 9/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Pellegrini 52% 0.48 [0.33-0.70] 138 (n) 726 (n) Pourhoseingholi 11% 0.89 [0.68-1.18] 65/309 274/2,159 Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] 12/47 14/45 Assimakopoulos 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.30] 2/42 12/40 Avdeev 69% 0.31 [0.03-2.72] 1/24 3/22 STORM Faverio (PSW) -19% 1.19 [0.85-1.66] 91/572 44/329 Ramadhan -135% 2.35 [0.33-16.9] 11/75 1/16 Izquierdo 26% 0.74 [0.63-0.88] 136/2,071 1,935/17,137 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Fariña-González 39% 0.61 [0.34-1.09] 10/38 44/102 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] 4/42 4/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) -13% 1.13 [0.85-1.50] 52/97 44/93 ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 68.3%, p = 0.02 Late treatment 22% 0.78 [0.63-0.96] 449/3,653 2,458/20,918 22% improvement All studies 22% 0.78 [0.63-0.96] 449/3,653 2,458/20,918 22% improvement 15 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 mortality results c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 68.3%, p = 0.02 Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ de Alencar (DB RCT) -16% 1.16 [0.59-2.01] 16/67 14/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 14% 0.86 [0.53-1.40] 18/47 20/45 Avdeev 77% 0.23 [0.03-1.90] 1/24 4/22 Mousapour (DB RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.28-1.93] 6/42 8/41 Çavuş (ICU) -20% 1.20 [0.91-1.58] 55/97 44/93 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 2.4%, p = 0.6 Late treatment -7% 1.07 [0.85-1.34] 96/277 90/269 7% increased risk All studies -7% 1.07 [0.85-1.34] 96/277 90/269 7% increased risk 5 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 2.4%, p = 0.6 Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ de Alencar (DB RCT) 9% 0.91 [0.59-1.28] 29/67 32/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 20% 0.80 [0.44-1.47] 47 (n) 45 (n) Avdeev 77% 0.23 [0.03-1.90] 1/24 4/22 STORM Faverio (PSW) -34% 1.34 [0.97-1.84] 107/572 46/329 Çavuş (ICU) 12% 0.88 [0.55-1.39] 97 (n) 93 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.03, I​2​ = 34.2%, p = 0.92 Late treatment 1% 0.99 [0.75-1.29] 137/807 82/557 1% improvement All studies 1% 0.99 [0.75-1.29] 137/807 82/557 1% improvement 5 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 ICU results c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.03, I​2​ = 34.2%, p = 0.92 Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] hosp. 0/229 1/76 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ignatova 20% 0.80 [0.64-1.00] hosp. time 56 (n) 55 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.043 Early treatment 21% 0.79 [0.63-0.99] 0/285 1/131 21% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -10% 1.10 [0.37-3.23] hosp. time 67 (n) 68 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.93] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) Taher (DB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.31-1.45] hosp. time 47 (n) 45 (n) Avdeev 15% 0.85 [0.75-0.96] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) Rahimi (SB RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.68-1.26] hosp. time 20 (n) 20 (n) ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) 13% 0.87 [0.74-1.02] hosp. time 97 (n) 93 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 15% 0.85 [0.80-0.91] 0/279 0/270 15% improvement All studies 15% 0.85 [0.79-0.90] 0/564 1/401 15% improvement 8 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 hospitalization results c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] hosp. 0/229 1/76 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.33 Early treatment 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] 0/229 1/76 80% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] death 9/67 9/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Pellegrini 52% 0.48 [0.33-0.70] death 138 (n) 726 (n) Pourhoseingholi 11% 0.89 [0.68-1.18] death 65/309 274/2,159 Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] death 12/47 14/45 Assimakopoulos 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.30] death 2/42 12/40 Avdeev 69% 0.31 [0.03-2.72] death 1/24 3/22 STORM Faverio (PSW) -19% 1.19 [0.85-1.66] death 91/572 44/329 Ramadhan -135% 2.35 [0.33-16.9] death 11/75 1/16 Izquierdo 26% 0.74 [0.63-0.88] death 136/2,071 1,935/17,137 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] death 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Fariña-González 39% 0.61 [0.34-1.09] death 10/38 44/102 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] death 4/42 4/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] death 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) -13% 1.13 [0.85-1.50] death 52/97 44/93 ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] death 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 68.3%, p = 0.02 Late treatment 22% 0.78 [0.63-0.96] 449/3,653 2,458/20,918 22% improvement All studies 22% 0.78 [0.63-0.96] 449/3,882 2,459/20,994 22% improvement 16 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 66.6%, p = 0.017 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 83% 0.17 [0.13-0.24] no recov. 229 (n) 75 (n) CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 83% 0.17 [0.13-0.24] 0/229 0/75 83% improvement Gaynitdinova (RCT) 51% 0.49 [0.32-0.75] Ct imp. 24 (n) 22 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.60-1.22] no recov. 25/47 28/45 STORM Faverio (PSW) 1% 0.99 [0.81-1.20] no disch. 180/572 105/329 Mousapour (DB RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.74-1.21] no disch. 31/42 32/41 Tau​2​ = 0.04, I​2​ = 66.4%, p = 0.14 Late treatment 17% 0.83 [0.65-1.06] 236/685 165/437 17% improvement All studies 41% 0.59 [0.32-1.09] 236/914 165/512 41% improvement 5 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 recovery results c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.48, I​2​ = 95.7%, p = 0.094 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Huh 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] cases population-based cohort Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Prophylaxis 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] 26% improvement All studies 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] 26% improvement 1 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 case result c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] hosp. 0/229 1/76 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.33 Early treatment 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] 0/229 1/76 80% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] death 9/67 9/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.93] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] death 12/47 14/45 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] death 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] death 4/42 4/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] death 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] death 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.00027 Late treatment 16% 0.84 [0.77-0.92] 81/311 101/316 16% improvement All studies 16% 0.84 [0.77-0.92] 81/540 102/392 16% improvement 8 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.00025 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] 9/67 9/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] 12/47 14/45 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] 4/42 4/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.11 Late treatment 16% 0.84 [0.67-1.04] 81/287 101/294 16% improvement All studies 16% 0.84 [0.67-1.04] 81/287 101/294 16% improvement 6 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 RCT mortality results c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.11 Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] hosp. 0/229 1/76 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ignatova 20% 0.80 [0.64-1.00] hosp. time 56 (n) 55 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.043 Early treatment 21% 0.79 [0.63-0.99] 0/285 1/131 21% improvement de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] death 9/67 9/68 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.93] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) Pellegrini 52% 0.48 [0.33-0.70] death 138 (n) 726 (n) Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] death 12/47 14/45 Assimakopoulos 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.30] death 2/42 12/40 Avdeev 69% 0.31 [0.03-2.72] death 1/24 3/22 STORM Faverio (PSW) -19% 1.19 [0.85-1.66] death 91/572 44/329 Ramadhan -135% 2.35 [0.33-16.9] death 11/75 1/16 Izquierdo 26% 0.74 [0.63-0.88] death 136/2,071 1,935/17,137 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] death 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Fariña-González 39% 0.61 [0.34-1.09] death 10/38 44/102 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] death 4/42 4/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] death 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) -13% 1.13 [0.85-1.50] death 52/97 44/93 ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] death 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.06, I​2​ = 68.2%, p = 0.01 Late treatment 21% 0.79 [0.65-0.94] 384/3,368 2,184/18,781 21% improvement All studies 21% 0.79 [0.67-0.93] 384/3,653 2,185/18,912 21% improvement 17 N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org/na Jun 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.05, I​2​ = 64.3%, p = 0.0043 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Altay (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.85] hosp. 0/229 1/76 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Altay (DB RCT) 83% 0.17 [0.13-0.24] no recov. 229 (n) 75 (n) CT​1​ Ignatova 20% 0.80 [0.64-1.00] hosp. time 56 (n) 55 (n) de Alencar (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.41-2.27] death 9/67 9/68 de Alencar (DB RCT) -16% 1.16 [0.59-2.01] ventilation 16/67 14/68 de Alencar (DB RCT) 9% 0.91 [0.59-1.28] ICU 29/67 32/68 de Alencar (DB RCT) -12% 1.12 [0.77-1.65] ICU 67 (n) 68 (n) de Alencar (DB RCT) -10% 1.10 [0.37-3.23] hosp. time 67 (n) 68 (n) Gaynitdinova (RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.93] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) Gaynitdinova (RCT) 51% 0.49 [0.32-0.75] Ct imp. 24 (n) 22 (n) Pellegrini 52% 0.48 [0.33-0.70] death 138 (n) 726 (n) Pourhoseingholi 11% 0.89 [0.68-1.18] death 65/309 274/2,159 Taher (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.43-1.58] death 12/47 14/45 Taher (DB RCT) 14% 0.86 [0.53-1.40] ventilation 18/47 20/45 Taher (DB RCT) 20% 0.80 [0.44-1.47] ICU 47 (n) 45 (n) Taher (DB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.31-1.45] hosp. time 47 (n) 45 (n) Taher (DB RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.60-1.22] no recov. 25/47 28/45 Assimakopoulos 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.30] death 2/42 12/40 Avdeev 69% 0.31 [0.03-2.72] death 1/24 3/22 Avdeev 77% 0.23 [0.03-1.90] ventilation 1/24 4/22 Avdeev 77% 0.23 [0.03-1.90] ICU 1/24 4/22 Avdeev 15% 0.85 [0.75-0.96] hosp. time 24 (n) 22 (n) STORM Faverio (PSW) -19% 1.19 [0.85-1.66] death 91/572 44/329 STORM Faverio (PSW) -34% 1.34 [0.97-1.84] ICU 107/572 46/329 STORM Faverio (PSW) 1% 0.99 [0.81-1.20] no disch. 180/572 105/329 Ramadhan -135% 2.35 [0.33-16.9] death 11/75 1/16 Izquierdo 26% 0.74 [0.63-0.88] death 136/2,071 1,935/17,137 Delić (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] death 21/39 31/52 Intubated patients Fariña-González 39% 0.61 [0.34-1.09] death 10/38 44/102 Intubated patients Mousapour (DB RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.26-3.64] death 4/42 4/41 Mousapour (DB RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.28-1.93] ventilation 6/42 8/41 Mousapour (DB RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.67-1.32] no improv. 25/42 26/41 Mousapour (DB RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.74-1.21] no disch. 31/42 32/41 Rahimi (SB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.11] death 10/20 15/20 ICU patients Rahimi (SB RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.68-1.26] hosp. time 20 (n) 20 (n) ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) -13% 1.13 [0.85-1.50] death 52/97 44/93 ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) -20% 1.20 [0.91-1.58] ventilation 55/97 44/93 ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) 12% 0.88 [0.55-1.39] ICU 97 (n) 93 (n) ICU patients Çavuş (ICU) 13% 0.87 [0.74-1.02] hosp. time 97 (n) 93 (n) ICU patients Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.55-1.29] death 25/72 28/68 ICU patients Huh 26% 0.74 [0.68-0.80] cases population-based cohort N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org/na Jun 2023 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors N-acetylcysteine Favors control
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