Antiviral effect of Bromelain combined with acetylcysteine against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1038/s41598-025-92242-y", "ISSN": [ "2045-2322" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92242-y", "alternative-id": [ "92242" ], "article-number": "11882", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "1 October 2024" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "26 February 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "7 April 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Declarations", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1 }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 2, "value": "The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. DLM, SJV and MSE are employed by MucPharm. All the remaining authors declare no conflict of interest." }, { "group": { "label": "Ethics approval and consent to participate", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 3, "value": "Research was approved by Institutional Research Board Committee. This research had approval from the Brazilian Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval number: 45919121.6.0000.5526). There was written consent from the next of kin on behalf of the patients for participation in the research. This study followed the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and resolution #466/2012 of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for research involving human subjects." }, { "group": { "label": "Consent for publication", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 4, "value": "Informed consent was obtained by next of kin of all participants enrolled in the study." } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Reis", "given": "Erik Vinicius de Sousa", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ferreira", "given": "Linziane Lopes", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Clarindo", "given": "Felipe Alves", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Marques-Ferreira", "given": "Geovane", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "de Oliveira", "given": "Leonardo Camilo", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Moraes", "given": "Thaís de Fátima Silva", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "de Carvalho", "given": "Luciana Debortoli", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "da Fonseca", "given": "Flávio Guimarães", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Sabino", "given": "Adriano de Paula", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Eapen", "given": "Mathew Suji", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Teixeira", "given": "Mauro Martins", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Valle", "given": "Sarah J.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Morris", "given": "David L.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Coelho-dos-Reis", "given": "Jordana Grazziela Alves", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Scientific Reports", "container-title-short": "Sci Rep", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T18:07:23Z", "timestamp": 1744049243000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T18:07:40Z", "timestamp": 1744049260000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T18:40:06Z", "timestamp": 1744051206717, "version": "3.40.3" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 12 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1743984000000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2025-04-07T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1743984000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-92242-y.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-92242-y", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-92242-y.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1038", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 4, 7 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1002/path.5642", "author": "LE van Eijk", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "307", "journal-title": "J. 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