October 2026
N-acetylcysteine COVID-19 outcomes
StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Altay (DB RCT)80%0.20 · 0.01–4.85hosp.0/2291/76CT1
Altay (DB RCT)83%0.17 · 0.13–0.24no recov.229 (n)75 (n)CT1
Ignatova20%0.80 · 0.64–1.00hosp. time56 (n)55 (n)
Nghĩa19%0.81 · 0.75–0.87no recov.80 (n)60 (n)
Nghĩa62%0.38 · 0.03–4.04viral+1/802/60
de Alencar (DB RCT)−3%1.03 · 0.41–2.27death9/679/68
de Alencar (DB RCT)−16%1.16 · 0.59–2.01ventilation16/6714/68
de Alencar (DB RCT)9%0.91 · 0.59–1.28ICU29/6732/68
de Alencar (DB RCT)−12%1.12 · 0.77–1.65ICU67 (n)68 (n)
de Alencar (DB RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.37–3.23hosp. time67 (n)68 (n)
Gaynitdinova (RCT)15%0.85 · 0.77–0.93hosp. time24 (n)22 (n)
Gaynitdinova (RCT)51%0.49 · 0.32–0.75Ct imp.24 (n)22 (n)
Pellegrini52%0.48 · 0.33–0.70death138 (n)726 (n)
Pourhoseingholi11%0.89 · 0.68–1.18death65/309274/2,159
Taher (DB RCT)18%0.82 · 0.43–1.58death12/4714/45
Taher (DB RCT)14%0.86 · 0.53–1.40ventilation18/4720/45
Taher (DB RCT)20%0.80 · 0.44–1.47ICU47 (n)45 (n)
Taher (DB RCT)33%0.67 · 0.31–1.45hosp. time47 (n)45 (n)
Taher (DB RCT)15%0.85 · 0.60–1.22no recov.25/4728/45
Assimakopoulos97%0.03 · 0.00–0.30death2/4212/40
Avdeev69%0.31 · 0.03–2.72death1/243/22
Avdeev77%0.23 · 0.03–1.90ventilation1/244/22
Avdeev77%0.23 · 0.03–1.90ICU1/244/22
Avdeev15%0.85 · 0.75–0.96hosp. time24 (n)22 (n)
Faverio (PSW)−19%1.19 · 0.85–1.66death91/57244/329STORM
Faverio (PSW)−34%1.34 · 0.97–1.84ICU107/57246/329STORM
Faverio (PSW)1%0.99 · 0.81–1.20no disch.180/572105/329STORM
Ramadhan−135%2.35 · 0.33–16.91death11/751/16
Izquierdo26%0.74 · 0.63–0.88death136/2,0711,935/17,137
Delić (RCT)14%0.86 · 0.64–1.17death24/3937/52Intubated patients
Delić (RCT)10%0.90 · 0.63–1.30death21/3931/52Intubated patients
Fariña-González39%0.61 · 0.34–1.09death10/3844/102Intubated patients
Mousapour (DB RCT)2%0.98 · 0.26–3.64death4/424/41
Mousapour (DB RCT)27%0.73 · 0.28–1.93ventilation6/428/41
Mousapour (DB RCT)6%0.94 · 0.67–1.32no improv.25/4226/41
Mousapour (DB RCT)5%0.95 · 0.74–1.21no disch.31/4232/41
Rahimi (SB RCT)33%0.67 · 0.40–1.11death10/2015/20ICU patients
Rahimi (SB RCT)8%0.92 · 0.68–1.26hosp. time20 (n)20 (n)ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)−13%1.13 · 0.85–1.50death52/9744/93ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)−20%1.20 · 0.91–1.58ventilation55/9744/93ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)12%0.88 · 0.55–1.39ICU97 (n)93 (n)ICU patients
Çavuş (ICU)13%0.87 · 0.74–1.02hosp. time97 (n)93 (n)ICU patients
Panahi (RCT)92%0.08 · 0.03–0.22death4/12549/125Inhaled
Panahi (RCT)36%0.64 · 0.29–1.43ICU9/12514/125Inhaled
Panahi (RCT)1%0.99 · 0.94–1.05hosp. time125 (n)125 (n)Inhaled
Gamarra-Mo.. (RCT)16%0.84 · 0.55–1.29death25/7228/68ICU patients
Afaghi29%0.71 · 0.33–1.52death10/21716/245
Afaghi41%0.59 · 0.30–1.16ventilation12/21723/245
Afaghi20%0.80 · 0.51–1.24ICU29/21741/245
Afaghi14%0.86 · 0.79–0.95hosp. time217 (n)245 (n)
Sherkawy (RCT)0%1.00 · 0.07–15.26death1/301/30
Sherkawy (RCT)15%0.85 · 0.57–1.27oxygen17/3020/30
Sherkawy (RCT)33%0.67 · 0.50–0.88oxygen time30 (n)30 (n)
Sherkawy (RCT)12%0.88 · 0.62–1.23hosp. time30 (n)30 (n)
Galindo-Andúgar43%0.57 · 0.31–0.99death199 (n)179 (n)
Atefi (SB RCT)67%0.33 · 0.04–3.03death1/303/30
Jin (PSM)59%0.41 · 0.12–1.45death88 (n)88 (n)
Jin (PSM)55%0.45 · 0.09–2.26death88 (n)88 (n)
Jin (PSM)12%0.88 · 0.39–1.99misc.88 (n)88 (n)
Jin (PSM)71%0.29 · 0.11–0.76progression88 (n)88 (n)
Huh28%0.72 · 0.66–0.79casescase-control study
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