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Home   COVID-19 treatment studies for Metformin  COVID-19 treatment studies for Metformin  C19 studies: Metformin  Metformin   Select treatmentSelect treatmentTreatmentsTreatments
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Supplementary Data — Metformin for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 61 studies
Covid Analysis, March 2023
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https://c19early.org/mfmeta.html
 
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.28-1.94] death 7/215 9/203 impossible data, see notes Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.55-1.61] hosp. 24/215 24/203 impossible data, see notes TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) 39% 0.61 [0.26-1.41] hosp. 8/168 14/179 impossible data, see notes TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) -14% 1.14 [0.73-1.81] hosp./ER 34/215 28/203 impossible data, see notes TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.45-1.71] hosp./ER 14/168 17/179 impossible data, see notes TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) 31% 0.69 [0.28-1.68] progression 8/216 11/205 impossible data, see notes TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.29-1.90] progression 7/171 10/181 impossible data, see notes TOGETHER Reis (DB RCT) 1% 0.99 [0.88-1.11] viral+ 215 (n) 203 (n) impossible data, see notes Hunt 67% 0.33 [0.25-0.43] death 73/3,956 1,539/22,552 COVID-OUT Bramante (DB RCT) 3% 0.97 [0.06-15.5] death 1/408 1/396 OT​1​ COVID-OUT Bramante (DB RCT) -197% 2.97 [0.12-72.7] death 1/408 0/396 OT​1​ COVID-OUT Bramante (DB RCT) 52% 0.48 [0.20-1.11] death/hosp. 8/652 18/655 OT​1​ COVID-OUT Bramante (DB RCT) 40% 0.60 [0.37-0.94] progression 27/652 48/655 OT​1​ COVID-OUT Bramante (DB RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.73-1.06] progression 154/652 179/653 OT​1​ Tamura 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.58] death 115 (n) 73 (n) Li 76% 0.24 [0.06-0.98] death 2/37 21/94 Luo 75% 0.25 [0.07-0.84] death 3/104 22/179 Choi (PSM) -120% 2.20 [0.51-9.58] progression case control Wang 58% 0.42 [0.01-1.98] death 1/9 13/49 Chen 33% 0.67 [0.20-1.78] death 4/43 15/77 Kim 64% 0.36 [0.10-1.23] death 113 (n) 122 (n) Kim 52% 0.48 [0.19-1.24] progression 113 (n) 122 (n) Li 78% 0.22 [0.09-0.54] death 2/37 21/94 Li -27% 1.27 [0.12-13.6] ventilation 1/37 2/94 Goodall 3% 0.97 [0.75-1.25] death 74/210 280/771 Gao -225% 3.25 [1.03-7.41] progression 16/56 4/54 Pérez-Bel.. (PSM) -10% 1.10 [0.84-1.40] death 79/249 79/249 Kolin -30% 1.30 [0.97-1.73] cases n/a n/a Bramante 7% 0.93 [0.81-1.06] death 394/2,333 791/3,923 Bramante 24% 0.76 [0.60-0.96] death 1,129 (n) 2,173 (n) Bramante -3% 1.03 [0.84-1.27] death 1,204 (n) 1,750 (n) Lalau (PSM) 22% 0.78 [0.55-1.10] death 671 (n) 419 (n) Lalau (PSM) 18% 0.82 [0.61-1.11] death/int. 671 (n) 419 (n) Lalau (PSM) 7% 0.93 [0.64-1.35] ventilation 671 (n) 419 (n) Huh -1% 1.01 [0.75-1.37] progression 104/272 774/2,533 Huh 4% 0.96 [0.82-1.12] cases population-based cohort Crouse 61% 0.39 [0.16-0.87] death 8/76 34/144 Lally 52% 0.48 [0.28-0.84] death 16/127 144/648 Oh -26% 1.26 [0.81-1.95] death 5,946 (n) 5,946 (n) Oh (PSM) 28% 0.72 [0.63-0.81] cases 390/5,946 541/5,946 CORONADO Wargny 28% 0.72 [0.53-0.95] death 247/1,553 330/1,241 CORONADO Wargny 15% 0.85 [0.74-0.97] no disch. 690/1,553 702/1,241 Bramante (PSM) 62% 0.38 [0.16-0.91] death 342 (n) 342 (n) Bramante 68% 0.32 [0.15-0.66] death 676 (n) 8,879 (n) Bramante (PSM) -9% 1.09 [0.62-1.91] ICU 342 (n) 342 (n) Bramante 32% 0.68 [0.45-1.02] ICU 676 (n) 8,879 (n) Bramante 22% 0.78 [0.58-1.04] hosp. 676 (n) 8,879 (n) COVIDENCE UK Holt -27% 1.27 [0.72-2.22] cases 12/429 434/14,798 Khunti 23% 0.77 [0.73-0.81] death population-based cohort Jiang (PSM) 46% 0.54 [0.13-2.26] death 3/74 10/74 Jiang (PSM) 80% 0.20 [0.05-0.77] progression 8/74 17/74 Ghany 66% 0.34 [0.19-0.59] death 392 (n) 747 (n) Ghany 29% 0.71 [0.52-0.86] hosp. 392 (n) 747 (n) Ghany 68% 0.32 [0.22-0.45] ARDS 392 (n) 747 (n) Alamgir 27% 0.73 [0.63-0.84] death 11,062 (n) 11,062 (n) Alamgir 34% 0.66 [0.49-0.90] death 5,369 (n) 5,369 (n) Alamgir 30% 0.70 [0.53-0.95] death 2,525 (n) 2,525 (n) Gálvez-Barrón -16% 1.16 [0.73-1.49] death 20 (n) 83 (n) Gálvez-Barrón -16% 1.16 [0.73-1.49] severe case 20 (n) 83 (n) Ravindra 30% 0.70 [0.28-1.56] death 5/53 57/313 Blanc 79% 0.21 [0.03-1.46] death 1/14 25/75 Blanc -44% 1.44 [1.00-2.07] cases 11/16 78/163 Boye 10% 0.90 [0.86-0.94] hosp. 2,067/4,250 3,196/5,281 Cheng (PSM) -65% 1.65 [0.71-3.86] death 678 (n) 535 (n) Wang 12% 0.88 [0.81-0.97] ICU 6,504 (n) 10,000 (n) Ando 39% 0.61 [0.38-0.99] hosp. Wander 15% 0.85 [0.80-0.90] death Wander 2% 0.98 [0.92-1.06] ICU Wander 3% 0.97 [0.94-1.01] hosp. Saygili (PSM) 42% 0.58 [0.37-0.92] death 120 (n) 120 (n) Ong 47% 0.53 [0.31-0.87] death 33/186 57/169 Ong 24% 0.76 [0.50-1.10] death 28/109 57/169 Ong 85% 0.15 [0.04-0.55] death 2/40 57/169 Ong 76% 0.24 [0.07-0.68] death 3/37 57/169 Bliden 60% 0.40 [0.12-1.37] death 3/34 9/41 Bliden 76% 0.24 [0.06-1.03] ventilation 2/34 10/41 Al-Salameh 55% 0.45 [0.17-0.94] death/ICU 9/47 22/50 Al-Salameh -68% 1.68 [1.12-2.05] death/ICU 34/43 22/50 Wallace (PSW) 72% 0.28 [0.21-0.37] death 103/1,203 1,536/6,970 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) 16% 0.84 [0.79-0.89] death 1,476/6,556 1,787/6,556 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) 22% 0.78 [0.72-0.84] death 968/6,556 1,261/6,556 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) 22% 0.78 [0.64-0.95] ICU 166/6,556 212/6,556 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) 3% 0.97 [0.94-1.00] hosp. 3,551/6,556 3,670/6,556 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) 8% 0.92 [0.84-1.00] death 793/3,297 876/3,297 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) 16% 0.84 [0.75-0.94] death 512/3,297 618/3,297 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) 39% 0.61 [0.44-0.82] ICU 64/3,297 102/3,297 Ojeda-Fern.. (PSM) -2% 1.02 [0.97-1.07] hosp. 1,822/3,297 1,792/3,297 Usman 60% 0.40 [0.12-1.37] death 3/34 9/41 Usman 76% 0.24 [0.06-1.03] ventilation 2/34 10/41 Usman 34% 0.66 [0.39-1.13] hosp. time 34 (n) 41 (n) Wong 51% 0.49 [0.43-0.57] death Wong 41% 0.59 [0.52-0.66] ventilation Wong 40% 0.60 [0.57-0.63] hosp. Wong (PSW) 59% 0.41 [0.22-0.80] death 786 (n) 428 (n) Wong (PSW) 61% 0.39 [0.21-0.75] no recov. 786 (n) 428 (n) Wong (PSW) 64% 0.36 [0.18-0.76] improv. 786 (n) 428 (n) Wong (PSW) 56% 0.44 [0.24-0.81] no disch. 786 (n) 428 (n) MacFadden 1% 0.99 [0.96-1.01] cases n/a n/a Ma (PSW) 74% 0.26 [0.07-0.89] death 3/361 40/995 Ma (PSM) 25% 0.75 [0.36-1.56] ventilation 12/360 16/360 Yeh 44% 0.56 [0.45-0.71] progression n/a n/a Yeh 37% 0.63 [0.53-0.75] hosp. n/a n/a Cousins (PSM) 54% 0.46 [0.25-0.82] ventilation 2,498 (n) 2,497 (n) Cousins (PSM) 56% 0.44 [0.32-0.61] ICU 2,498 (n) 2,497 (n) Shestakova 22% 0.78 [0.67-0.91] death Loucera 30% 0.70 [0.61-0.80] death 1,896 (n) 14,072 (n) Chan 59% 0.41 [0.12-1.44] death 400 (n) 2,736 (n) Chan 54% 0.46 [0.18-1.14] severe case 400 (n) 2,736 (n) Chan 42% 0.58 [0.17-1.91] progression 51/400 798/2,736 Chan 37% 0.63 [0.23-1.71] progression 400 (n) 2,736 (n) Chan 41% 0.59 [0.31-1.13] progression 196 (n) 86 (n) Chan 34% 0.66 [0.39-1.09] progression 196 (n) 86 (n) Zaccardi 34% 0.66 [0.60-0.72] death Zaccardi 31% 0.69 [0.65-0.73] hosp. Yip (PSM) 7% 0.93 [0.72-1.22] death/hosp. 8,604 (n) 3,727 (n) Yip (PSM) 15% 0.85 [0.68-1.07] progression 8,604 (n) 3,727 (n) Yip (PSM) 15% 0.85 [0.68-1.05] progression 8,604 (n) 3,727 (n) Ouchi 10% 0.90 [0.77-1.05] death 6,168 (n) 9,875 (n) Ouchi 8% 0.92 [0.82-1.02] death/hosp. 6,168 (n) 9,875 (n) Morrison (PSM) 41% 0.59 [0.41-0.84] death 2,684 (n) 2,684 (n) Morrison (PSM) -16% 1.16 [0.76-1.76] ventilation 2,684 (n) 2,684 (n) Morrison (PSM) 3% 0.97 [0.72-1.31] ICU 2,684 (n) 2,684 (n) Morrison (PSM) -4% 1.04 [0.84-1.28] hosp. 2,684 (n) 2,684 (n) Mannucci 38% 0.62 [0.41-0.93] death n/a n/a Mannucci 15% 0.85 [0.64-1.12] hosp. n/a n/a Milosavljevic 33% 0.67 [0.47-0.95] severe case 377 (n) 356 (n) Miao (PSM) 1% 0.99 [0.85-1.15] death 233/796 236/796 Miao (PSM) 5% 0.95 [0.88-1.03] hosp. time 796 (n) 796 (n) Servais 49% 0.51 [0.34-0.78] death n/a n/a Pinchera 15% 0.85 [0.71-0.96] severe case 5/19 14/24 OT​1​ Metformin COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org/mf Mar 2023 ​1​ OT: comparison with other treatment Favors metformin Favors control
Figure S1. All outcomes.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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