Impact of blood glucose control on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection
Elena Chertok Shacham, Nimra Maman, Avraham Ishay
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, doi:10.1177/14791641241288390
Our study evaluates the interconnection between diabetes treatment in the community setting and diabetes treatment regimens in these patients during hospitalization.
Methods: The patients were divided into four groups according to blood glucose level during hospitalization. Group 1 included patients with an average blood glucose ≤140 mg/dl, Group 2 included patients with an average blood glucose level between 140 and 180 mg/dl, Group 3 included patients whose blood glucose level was between 180 and 250 mg/dl, and Group 4 included patients with average blood glucose >250 mg/dl. In all subjects, we assessed preadmission diabetes treatment and prior diagnoses of major comorbidities (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic renal disease, chronic pulmonary diseases, and dementia. Results: Significant predictors of mortality were the severity of COVID-19 (OR 62, CI 95%; 18-235, p < .000), acute renal failure (OR 3.2, CI 95% -1.26-8.2; p = .015), and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure before hospitalization (OR 2.6; CI 95% 1.14-6.8; p = .024). Lower preadmission HbA1c levels, insulin treatment in the hospital, SGLT-2 treatment before, and absence of acute renal failure are significant predictors of good glycemic control during hospitalization. Conclusions: In patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with COVID-19, poor long-term glycemic control is associated with the level of hyperglycemia during hospitalization.
Appendix
List of abbréviations
References
Bramante, Huling, Tignanelli, Randomized trial of metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine for covid-19, N Engl J Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2201662Chander, Deepak, Kumari, Glycemic control in critically ill COVID-19 patients: systematic review and meta-analysis, J Clin Med,
doi:10.3390/jcm12072555Dimnjaković, Buble, Ivanko, Association of antidiabetic drugs and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiomyopathy, Sci Rep,
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57871-9Galindo, Dhatariya, Gomez-Peralta, Safety and efficacy of inpatient diabetes management with non-insulin agents: an overview of international practices, Curr Diabetes Rep,
doi:10.1007/s11892-022-01464-1Garg, Posa, Kumar, Diabetes and deaths of COVID-19 patients: systematic review of meta-analyses, Health Sci Rev (Oxf),
doi:10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100099Kosiborod, Esterline, Furtado, Dapagliflozin in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors hospitalised with COVID-19 (DARE-19): a randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
Matthews, Herat, Schlaich, The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in the heart and kidneys regardless of diabetes status, Int J Mol Sci,
doi:10.3390/ijms241814243Mcdonnell, Garg, Gopalakrishnan, Glycemic gap predicts mortality in a large multicenter cohort hospitalized with COVID-19, J Clin Endocrinol Metabol,
doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac587Nguyen, Ho, Nguyen, Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis, Metabolism
Permana, Yanto, Ht, Preadmission use of sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) may significantly improves Covid-19 outcomes in patients with diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression, Diabetes Res Clin Pract,
doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110205Reis, Silva, Silva, Effect of early treatment with metformin on risk of emergency care and hospitalization among patients with COVID-19: the together randomized platform clinical trial, Lancet Reg Health Am,
doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100142Seisa, Saadi, Nayfeh, A systematic review supporting the endocrine society clinical practice guideline for the management of hyperglycemia in adults hospitalized for noncritical illness or undergoing elective surgical procedures, J Clin Endocrinol Metabol,
doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac277Zhan, Weng, Qi, Effect of antidiabetic therapy on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ann Pharmacother,
doi:10.1177/10600280221133577Zhu, She, Cheng, Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and preexisting type 2 diabetes, Cell Metabol
DOI record:
{
"DOI": "10.1177/14791641241288390",
"ISSN": [
"1479-1641",
"1752-8984"
],
"URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14791641241288390",
"abstract": "<jats:p> Our study evaluates the interconnection between diabetes treatment in the community setting and diabetes treatment regimens in these patients during hospitalization. </jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p> The patients were divided into four groups according to blood glucose level during hospitalization. Group 1 included patients with an average blood glucose ≤140 mg/dl, Group 2 included patients with an average blood glucose level between 140 and 180 mg/dl, Group 3 included patients whose blood glucose level was between 180 and 250 mg/dl, and Group 4 included patients with average blood glucose >250 mg/dl. In all subjects, we assessed preadmission diabetes treatment and prior diagnoses of major comorbidities (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic renal disease, chronic pulmonary diseases, and dementia. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p> Significant predictors of mortality were the severity of COVID-19 (OR 62, CI 95%; 18–235, p < .000), acute renal failure (OR 3.2, CI 95% - 1.26–8.2; p = .015), and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure before hospitalization (OR 2.6; CI 95% 1.14–6.8; p = .024). Lower preadmission HbA1c levels, insulin treatment in the hospital, SGLT-2 treatment before, and absence of acute renal failure are significant predictors of good glycemic control during hospitalization. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p> In patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with COVID-19, poor long-term glycemic control is associated with the level of hyperglycemia during hospitalization. </jats:p></jats:sec>",
"alternative-id": [
"10.1177/14791641241288390"
],
"author": [
{
"ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-1271",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Endocrinology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel"
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Chertok Shacham",
"given": "Elena",
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Statistic and Science, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel"
}
],
"family": "Maman",
"given": "Nimra",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Endocrinology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel"
}
],
"family": "Ishay",
"given": "Avraham",
"sequence": "additional"
}
],
"container-title": "Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research",
"container-title-short": "Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research",
"content-domain": {
"crossmark-restriction": true,
"domain": [
"journals.sagepub.com"
]
},
"created": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11,
29
]
],
"date-time": "2024-11-29T15:13:24Z",
"timestamp": 1732893204000
},
"deposited": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11,
29
]
],
"date-time": "2024-11-29T15:13:26Z",
"timestamp": 1732893206000
},
"indexed": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11,
30
]
],
"date-time": "2024-11-30T05:19:15Z",
"timestamp": 1732943955991,
"version": "3.30.0"
},
"is-referenced-by-count": 0,
"issue": "6",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11
]
]
},
"journal-issue": {
"issue": "6",
"published-print": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11
]
]
}
},
"language": "en",
"license": [
{
"URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"content-version": "unspecified",
"delay-in-days": 0,
"start": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11,
1
]
],
"date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z",
"timestamp": 1730419200000
}
}
],
"link": [
{
"URL": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/14791641241288390",
"content-type": "application/pdf",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "text-mining"
},
{
"URL": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/14791641241288390",
"content-type": "application/xml",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "text-mining"
},
{
"URL": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/14791641241288390",
"content-type": "unspecified",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"member": "179",
"original-title": [],
"prefix": "10.1177",
"published": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11
]
]
},
"published-online": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11,
29
]
]
},
"published-print": {
"date-parts": [
[
2024,
11
]
]
},
"publisher": "SAGE Publications",
"reference": [
{
"DOI": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44652",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr1-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/jcm12072555",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr2-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.021",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr3-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s11892-022-01464-1",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr4-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1210/clinem/dgac277",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr5-14791641241288390"
},
{
"key": "bibr6-14791641241288390",
"unstructured": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. Clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection 2023; p 22. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1210/clinem/dgac587",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr7-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1177/10600280221133577",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr8-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/ijms241814243",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr9-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00180-7",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr10-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2201662",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr11-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.lana.2021.100142",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr12-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110205",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr13-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155196",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr14-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.hsr.2023.100099",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr15-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41598-024-57871-9",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr16-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2021436",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr17-14791641241288390"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8516",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "bibr18-14791641241288390"
}
],
"reference-count": 18,
"references-count": 18,
"relation": {},
"resource": {
"primary": {
"URL": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14791641241288390"
}
},
"score": 1,
"short-title": [],
"source": "Crossref",
"subject": [],
"subtitle": [],
"title": "Impact of blood glucose control on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection",
"type": "journal-article",
"update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/sage-journals-update-policy",
"volume": "21"
}
