Impact of overlapping risks of type 2 diabetes and obesity on coronavirus disease severity in the United States

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 12, 11]], 'date-time': '2021-12-11T23:26:47Z', 'timestamp': 1639265207258}, 'reference-count': 32, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 9]], 'date-time': '2021-09-09T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1631145600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 9]], 'date-time': '2021-09-09T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1631145600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'short-container-title': ['Sci Rep'], 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 12]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The impact of overlapping risk factors on ' 'coronavirus disease (COVID-19) severity is unclear. To evaluate the impact of type 2 diabetes ' '(T2D) and obesity on COVID-19 severity, we conducted a cohort study with 28,095 anonymized ' 'COVID-19 patients using data from the COVID-19 Research Database from January 1, 2020 to ' 'November 30, 2020. The mean age was 50.8\u2009±\u200917.5\xa0years, and 11,802 (42%) patients ' 'were male. Data on age, race, sex, T2D complications, antidiabetic medication prescription, ' 'and body mass index\u2009≥\u200930\xa0kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> (obesity) were analysed ' 'using Cox proportional hazard models, with hospitalization risk and critical care within ' '30\xa0days of COVID-19 diagnosis as the main outcomes. The risk scores were 0–4 for age\u2009' '≥\u200965\xa0years, male sex, T2D, and obesity. Among the participants, 11,294 (61.9%) had ' 'obesity, and 4445 (15.8%) had T2D. T2D, obesity, and male sex were significantly associated ' 'with COVID-19 hospitalization risk. Regarding hospitalization risk scores, compared with ' 'those for hospitalization risk score 0 and critical care risk score 0, hazard ratios [95% ' 'confidence intervals] were 19.034 [10.470–34.600] and 55.803 [12.761–244.015] ' '(<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009' '&lt;\u20090.001), respectively, for risk score 4. Complications from diabetes and obesity ' 'increased hospitalization and critical care risks for COVID-19 patients.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-96720-x', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 9]], 'date-time': '2021-09-09T10:06:24Z', 'timestamp': 1631181984000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 1, 'title': [ 'Impact of overlapping risks of type 2 diabetes and obesity on coronavirus disease severity in ' 'the United States'], 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '11', 'author': [ {'given': 'Wataru', 'family': 'Ando', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Takeshi', 'family': 'Horii', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Takayuki', 'family': 'Uematsu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hideaki', 'family': 'Hanaki', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Koichiro', 'family': 'Atsuda', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Katsuya', 'family': 'Otori', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 9]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '96720_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '140', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0', 'volume': '590', 'author': "M O'Driscoll", 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'O’Driscoll, M. et al. 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