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Metformin Use in Diabetes Prior to Hospitalization: Effects on Mortality in Covid-19

Li et al., Endocrine Practice, doi:10.4158/EP-2020-0466
Oct 2020  
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Mortality 78% Improvement Relative Risk Ventilation -27% Metformin for COVID-19  Li et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with metformin beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 131 patients in China (January - March 2020) Lower mortality with metformin (p=0.02) c19early.org Li et al., Endocrine Practice, October 2020 Favorsmetformin Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Metformin for COVID-19
3rd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 97 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,000+ studies for 109 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 131 type II diabetes patients with COVID pneumonia, showing lower mortality with existing metformin use. Acarbose (commonly used in China as an initial therapy for diabetes) did not have a similar association with mortality, suggesting that the result may not be explained by metformin being used early in type II diabetes.
risk of death, 77.7% lower, HR 0.22, p = 0.02, treatment 2 of 37 (5.4%), control 21 of 94 (22.3%), NNT 5.9, adjusted per study, multivariable.
risk of mechanical ventilation, 27.0% higher, RR 1.27, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 37 (2.7%), control 2 of 94 (2.1%).
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Li et al., 1 Oct 2020, retrospective, China, peer-reviewed, 16 authors, study period 23 January, 2020 - 19 March, 2020.
This PaperMetforminAll
Metformin Use in Diabetes Prior to Hospitalization: Effects on Mortality in Covid-19
MD Jinghong Li, MD Qi Wei, PhD Willis X Li, MD Karen C Mccowen, MD Wei Xiong, MD Jiao Liu, MD Wenlijun Jiang, PhD Traci Marin, MD Robert L Thomas, MD, PhD Ming He, PhD Brendan Gongol, MD Mark Hepokoski, Null- J Yuan, Null- J Shyy, MD Nian Xiong, MD Atul Malhotra
Endocrine Practice, doi:10.4158/ep-2020-0466
Objective: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 , the effect of pharmacologic agents used to treat T2DM, such as metformin, on COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear. Metformin increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, a known receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data from people with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 were used to test the hypothesis that metformin use is associated with improved survival in this population. Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed on de-identified clinical data from a major hospital in Wuhan, China, that included patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 during the recent epidemic. One hundred and thirty-one patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and T2DM were used in this study. The primary outcome was mortality. Demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, diabetes medications, and respiratory therapy data were also included in the analysis. Results: Of these 131 patients, 37 used metformin with or without other antidiabetes medications. Among the 37 metformin-taking patients, 35 (94.6%) survived and 2 (5.4%) did not survive. The mortality rates in the metformin-taking group versus the non-metformin group were 5.4% (2/37) versus 22.3% (21/94). Using multivariate analysis, metformin was found to be an independent predictor of survival in this cohort (P = .02). Conclusion: This study reveals a significant association between metformin use and survival in people with T2DM diagnosed with COVID-19. These clinical data are consistent with potential benefits of the use of metformin for COVID-19 patients with T2DM.
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