COVID-19 Outcomes and Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 5, 30]], 'date-time': '2023-05-30T04:25:52Z', 'timestamp': 1685420752263}, 'reference-count': 80, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '6', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 5, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-05-27T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1685145600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>The link between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the severe outcomes of COVID-19 has raised ' 'concerns about the optimal management of patients with T2D. This study aimed to investigate ' 'the clinical characteristics and outcomes of T2D patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and ' 'explore the potential associations between chronic T2D treatments and adverse outcomes. This ' 'was a multicenter prospective cohort study of T2D patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in ' 'Greece during the third wave of the pandemic (February–June 2021). Among the 354 T2D patients ' 'included in this study, 63 (18.6%) died during hospitalization, and 16.4% required ICU ' 'admission. The use of DPP4 inhibitors for the chronic management of T2D was associated with ' 'an increased risk of in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR) 2.639, 95% confidence ' 'interval (CI) 1.148–6.068, p = 0.022), ICU admission (adj. OR = 2.524, 95% CI: 1.217–5.232, p ' '= 0.013), and progression to ARDS (adj. OR = 2.507, 95% CI: 1.278–4.916, p = 0.007). ' 'Furthermore, the use of DPP4 inhibitors was significantly associated with an increased risk ' 'of thromboembolic events (adjusted OR of 2.249, 95% CI: 1.073–4.713, p = 0.032) during ' 'hospitalization. These findings highlight the importance of considering the potential impact ' 'of chronic T2D treatment regiments on COVID-19 and the need for further studies to elucidate ' 'the underlying mechanisms.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/microorganisms11061416', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 5, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-05-27T20:10:53Z', 'timestamp': 1685218253000}, 'page': '1416', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'COVID-19 Outcomes and Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study', 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '11', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-9494', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Karolina', 'family': 'Akinosoglou', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University ' 'of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 265 04 Patras, ' 'Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-1865', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Georgios', 'family': 'Schinas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University ' 'of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 265 04 Patras, ' 'Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3680-859X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Evanthia', 'family': 'Bletsa', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Lamia, 351 ' '00 Lamia, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Magdaline', 'family': 'Bristianou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Lamia, 351 ' '00 Lamia, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Leonidas', 'family': 'Lanaras', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Lamia, 351 ' '00 Lamia, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Charalambos', 'family': 'Michailides', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1st Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens ' '“G. Gennimatas”, 115 27 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Theodoros', 'family': 'Katsikas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1st Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens ' '“G. Gennimatas”, 115 27 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-6895', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Fotios', 'family': 'Barkas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School ' 'of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, ' 'Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-3323', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Evangelos', 'family': 'Liberopoulos', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School ' 'of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, ' 'Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Vasileios', 'family': 'Kotsis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle ' 'University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki ' '“Papageorgiou”, 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Konstantinos', 'family': 'Tentolouris', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens ' '“Elpis”, 115 22 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Pinelopi', 'family': 'Grigoropoulou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens ' '“Elpis”, 115 22 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Archontoula', 'family': 'Frangou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens ' '“Elpis”, 115 22 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-872X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Dimitrios', 'family': 'Basoulis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National ' 'and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, ' '11527 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Zoi', 'family': 'Alexiou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'General Hospital of Eleusis “Thriasio”, 196 00 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1726-5086', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mary', 'family': 'Daganou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases ' '“Sotiria”, 115 27 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Clementine', 'family': 'Bostantzoglou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases ' '“Sotiria”, 115 27 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Vasiliki', 'family': 'Dimakopoulou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University ' 'of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 265 04 Patras, ' 'Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Antonia', 'family': 'Koutsoukou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1st University Pulmonology Clinic and ICU, Medical School, ' 'National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital ' 'for Thoracic Diseases “Sotiria”, 115 27 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Angelos', 'family': 'Pefanis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine and 1st Department of Infectious ' 'Diseases, General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases “Sotiria”, 115 ' '27 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Ioannis G.', 'family': 'Baraboutis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, “Pammakaristos” Hospital, 111 ' '44 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Eleni', 'family': 'Agelonidou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, “Pammakaristos” Hospital, 111 ' '44 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Nikolaos', 'family': 'Tentolouris', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National ' 'and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, ' '11527 Athens, Greece'}]}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 5, 27]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e20913', 'DOI': '10.1097/MD.0000000000020913', 'article-title': 'The effect of diabetes on mortality of COVID-19: A protocol for ' 'systematic review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'Yang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Medicine'}, { 'key': 'ref_2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '129', 'DOI': '10.1146/annurev-med-042220-011857', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 and Diabetes', 'volume': '73', 'author': 'Singh', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Annu. 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