Abstract: TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 09 August 2022 DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.909874 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Fariba Ahmadizar, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands REVIEWED BY Anu Grover, Ipca Laboratories, India Sergi Trias-Llimós, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain Vadim Klimontov, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia *CORRESPONDENCE O. K. Vikulova olga-vikulova-1973@yandex.ru Risk factors for COVID-19 case fatality rate in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 235,248 patients in the Russian Federation M. V. Shestakova, O. K. Vikulova *, A. R. Elfimova, A. A. Deviatkin, I. I. Dedov and N. G. Mokrysheva Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia SPECIALTY SECTION This article was submitted to Clinical Diabetes, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology RECEIVED 31 March 2022 ACCEPTED 28 June 2022 PUBLISHED 09 August 2022 The aim: To study the association of demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors and the use of glucose-lowering drugs and anti-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination with the COVID-19-related case fatality rate (CFR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. CITATION Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Elfimova AR, Deviatkin AA, Dedov II and Mokrysheva NG (2022) Risk factors for COVID-19 case fatality rate in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 235,248 patients in the Russian Federation. Front. Endocrinol. 13:909874. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.909874 COPYRIGHT © 2022 Shestakova, Vikulova, Elfimova, Deviatkin, Dedov and Mokrysheva. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Frontiers in Endocrinology Methods: This study is a nationwide observational cohort study based on the data from the National Diabetes Register (NDR) that is the database containing online clinical information about the population with DM. The outcomes (death or recovery) for COVID-19 were registered in 235,248 patients with DM [type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), n = 11,058; type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), n = 224,190] from March 20, 2020, until November 25, 2021. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the risk factors for CFR. Then the ranging of significant factors was performed and the most vulnerable groups of factors for the lethal outcome were chosen. Results: The CFR due to COVID-19 was 8.1% in T1DM and 15.3% in T2DM. Increased CFR was associated with the male population [OR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.09–1.44) in T1DM and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.15–1.21) in T2DM], age ≥65 years [OR = 4.44 (95% CI: 3.75–5.24) in T1DM and 3.18 (95% CI: 3.09–3.26) in T2DM], DM duration ≥10 years [OR = 2.46 (95% CI: 2.06–2.95) in T1DM and 2.11 (95% CI: 2.06–2.16) in T2DM], body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 [OR = 1.95 (95% CI: 1.52–2.50)] in T1DM, HbA1c ≥7% [OR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.29–1.43)] in T2DM. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were associated with higher CFR in T1DM but not in T2DM. The preCOVID-19 glucose-lowering therapy in T2DM was differently..