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Metformin Use in Relation to Clinical Outcomes and Hyperinflammatory Syndrome Among COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis of a Territory-Wide Cohort

Wong et al., Frontiers in Endocrinology, doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.810914
Mar 2022  
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Mortality 59% Improvement Relative Risk Recovery 61% Clinical improvement 64% Discharge 56% Metformin for COVID-19  Wong et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with metformin beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 1,214 patients in China (January 2020 - January 2021) Lower mortality (p=0.01) and improved recovery (p=0.005) c19early.org Wong et al., Frontiers in Endocrinology, Mar 2022 Favorsmetformin Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Metformin for COVID-19
3rd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 96 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 98 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 1,214 COVID+ type 2 diabetes patients in Hong Kong, showing lower mortality and improved recovery with metformin use.
risk of death, 59.0% lower, OR 0.41, p = 0.01, treatment 786, control 428, adjusted per study, propensity score weighting, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
risk of no recovery, 60.6% lower, OR 0.39, p = 0.005, treatment 786, control 428, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor treatment, propensity score weighting, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
clinical improvement, 63.5% better, OR 0.36, p = 0.009, treatment 786, control 428, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor treatment, propensity score weighting, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
risk of no hospital discharge, 55.8% lower, OR 0.44, p = 0.009, treatment 786, control 428, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor treatment, propensity score weighting, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Wong et al., 7 Mar 2022, retrospective, China, peer-reviewed, 11 authors, study period 21 January, 2020 - 31 January, 2021.
This PaperMetforminAll
Metformin Use in Relation to Clinical Outcomes and Hyperinflammatory Syndrome Among COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis of a Territory-Wide Cohort
Carlos K H Wong, David T W Lui, Angel Y C Lui, Marshall C H Low, Ashley C Y Kwok, Kristy T K Lau, Ivan C H Au, Xi Xiong, Matthew S H Chung, Eric H Y Lau, Benjamin J Cowling
Frontiers in Endocrinology, doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.810914
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the association between metformin use and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 . Methods: Patients with T2DM with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and admitted between January 21, 2020, and January 31, 2021 in Hong Kong were identified in our cohort. Exposure was defined as metformin use within 90 days prior to admission until hospital discharge for COVID-19. Primary outcome was defined as clinical improvement of ≥1 point on the WHO Clinical Progression Scale (CPS). Other outcomes were hospital discharge, recovery, in-hospital death, acidosis, hyperinflammatory syndrome, length of hospitalization, and changes in WHO CPS score. Results: Metformin use was associated with greater odds of clinical improvement (OR = 2.74, p = 0.009), hospital discharge (OR = 2.26, p = 0.009), and recovery (OR = 2.54, p = 0.005), in addition to lower odds of hyperinflammatory syndrome (OR = 0.71, p = 0.021) and death (OR = 0.41, p = 0.010) than control. Patients on metformin treatment had a shorter hospital stay (−2.76 days, p = 0.017) than their control counterparts. The average WHO CPS scores were significantly lower in metformin users than non-users since day 15 (p < 0.001). However, metformin use was associated with higher odds of acidosis. Conclusions: Metformin use was associated with lower mortality and lower odds for hyperinflammatory syndrome. This provides additional insights into the potential mechanisms of the benefits of metformin use in T2DM patients with COVID-19.
ETHICS STATEMENT The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/ Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (Reference No. . Given the extraordinary nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, individual patient informed consent was not required for this retrospective cohort study using anonymized data. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS CW reviewed the literature, designed the statistical analysis, conducted the analyses, and wrote the manuscript. DL, AL, AK, ML, and KL reviewed the literature, contributed to the SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022. 810914/full#supplementary-material Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher's Note: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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