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Association of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors with best COVID-19 outcomes in a diabetic population of the Veneto Region (north-east Italy): a lesson for endemic phase?

Piarulli et al., Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.016

Jun 2023

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Metformin for COVID-19

3rd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020

^*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 88 studies.

Lower risk for mortality, ventilation, ICU admission, hospitalization, progression, and recovery.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. ^* >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.

4,100+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org

Retrospective diabetic COVID-19 patients in Italy, showing lower risk of hospitalization with metformin use.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

risk of death/ICU, 53.0% lower, OR 0.47, p = 0.08, treatment 1,444, control 1,009, adjusted per study, for all patients, combined odds of hospitalization and ICU/death for hospitalized patients, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.

risk of death/ICU, 15.0% lower, OR 0.85, p = 0.68, treatment 209, control 180, adjusted per study, among hospitalized patients, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.

risk of hospitalization, 45.0% lower, OR 0.55, p < 0.001, treatment 1,444, control 1,009, adjusted per study, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates

Piarulli et al., 24 Jun 2023, retrospective, Italy, peer-reviewed, 7 authors, study period February 2020 - February 2021. Contact: francesco.piarulli@unipd.it, eugenio.ragazzi@unipd.it, drmassimocarollo@gmail.com, luca.benacchio@aulss6.veneto.it, fabio.piovanello@aulss6.veneto.it, ivana.simoncello@libero.it, annunziata.lapolla@unipd.it.

This Paper Metformin All

Association of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors with best COVID-19 outcomes in a diabetic population of the Veneto Region (north-east Italy): a lesson for endemic phase?

MD Francesco Piarulli, MD Eugenio Ragazzi, MD Massimo Carollo, MSc Luca Benacchio, Fabio Piovanello, MD Ivana Simoncello, MD Annunziata Lapolla

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.016

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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