Effects of different treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality of coronavirus disease from 2019 to 2021 in China: a multi-institutional retrospective study

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 18]], 'date-time': '2024-05-18T00:43:06Z', 'timestamp': 1715992986748}, 'reference-count': 40, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-05-17T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1715904000000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-05-17T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1715904000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001809', 'name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['82241034', 'C-0052', '82100526']}, { 'name': 'Top-Notch Talent Program of Hubei Province', 'award': ['Top-Notch Talent Program of Hubei Province']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100015640', 'name': 'Tongji Hospital', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['2021YBJRC005']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001809', 'name': 'National Nature Science Foundation of China', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'award': ['82330010']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has ' 'continued for 5 years. Sporadic cases continue to occur in different locations. Type 2 ' 'diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of a poor prognosis in patients with ' 'COVID-19. Successful control of blood glucose levels can effectively decrease the risks of ' 'severe infections and mortality. However, the effects of different treatments were reported ' 'differently and even adversely. This retrospective study included 4,922 patients who have ' 'been diagnosed as COVID-19 and T2DM from 138 Hubei hospitals. The clinical characteristics ' 'and outcomes were compared and calculated their risk for death using multivariate Cox ' 'regression and Kaplan–Meier curves. After adjustment of age, sex, comorbidities, and ' 'in-hospital medications, metformin and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) use performed lower ' 'all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ' '0.24–0.71; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001 for metformin; 0.53, 0.35–0.80, ' '<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002 for AGIs), while insulin use was associated ' 'with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.07, 95% CI, 1.61–2.67, ' '<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). After propensity score-matched (PSM) ' 'analysis, adjusted HRs for insulin, metformin, and AGIs associated with all-cause mortality ' 'were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.03–1.81; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012), 0.48 (95% CI, ' '0.23–0.83, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.35–0.98, ' '<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05). Therefore, metformin and AGIs might be more ' 'suitable for patients with COVID-19 and T2DM while insulin might be used with ' 'caution.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s43556-024-00183-1', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-05-17T00:02:04Z', 'timestamp': 1715904124000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Effects of different treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality of coronavirus disease ' 'from 2019 to 2021 in China: a multi-institutional retrospective study', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '5', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0512-785X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Ke', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Wu', 'family': 'He', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Bo', 'family': 'Yu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kaineng', 'family': 'Zhong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Da', 'family': 'Zhou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Dao Wen', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 17]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '8', 'key': '183_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1440', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00125-020-05164-x', 'volume': '63', 'author': 'P Katulanda', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Katulanda P, Dissanayake HA, Ranathunga I, Ratnasamy V, Wijewickrama ' 'PSA, Yogendranathan N, et al. 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