October 2026
Exercise COVID-19 outcomes
StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Fernandez47%0.53 · 0.29–0.90death16/20162/238
Hamer28%0.72 · 0.61–0.87hosp.n/an/a
Hamer34%0.66 · 0.55–0.79hosp.n/an/a
Brawner74%0.26 · 0.11–0.58hosp.n/an/a
Tret'yakov98%0.02 · 0.00–0.27severe case0/2753/266
Gao−105%2.05 · 1.39–3.02casescase-control study
Ho35%0.65 · 0.48–0.89hosp.213/123,58859/14,887
Halabchi89%0.11 · 0.01–1.46death0/24979/4,445
Halabchi28%0.72 · 0.51–0.98hosp.30/249878/4,445
Zhang26%0.74 · 0.48–1.14deathn/an/a
Zhang18%0.82 · 0.69–0.96casesn/an/a
Li81%0.19 · 0.05–0.74severe casen/an/aper SD increase
Li56%0.44 · 0.18–1.07hosp.n/an/aper SD increase
Tavakol69%0.31 · 0.10–1.02severe case3/6419/124
Yates45%0.55 · 0.38–0.79death72/163,91262/30,119
Yates47%0.53 · 0.43–0.66severe case291/163,912180/30,119
Holt17%0.83 · 0.63–1.09cases15,227 (all patients)COVIDENCE UK
Cho53%0.47 · 0.26–0.87deathcase-control study
Cho10%0.90 · 0.86–0.95casescase-control study
Sallis59%0.41 · 0.22–0.76death11/3,118170/6,984
Sallis42%0.58 · 0.40–0.85ICU32/3,118195/6,984
Sallis53%0.47 · 0.38–0.58hosp.99/3,118732/6,984
Christensen63%0.37 · 0.16–0.85death543 (n)529 (n)
Christensen23%0.77 · 0.52–1.15cases55/54377/529
Lobelo20%0.80 · 0.66–0.97hosp.2,121 (n)1,648 (n)
Hegazy46%0.54 · 0.30–1.00m/s case24/827/13
Latorre-Román76%0.24 · 0.05–1.04hosp.n/an/a
Latorre-Román87%0.13 · 0.01–1.17hosp.n/an/a
Marcus42%0.58 · 0.48–0.71symp. case240/10,627134/3,708
Yuan91%0.09 · 0.01–1.65death0/616/103
Yuan70%0.30 · 0.09–0.92severe case3/6126/103
Brandenburg−6%1.06 · 0.23–4.79hosp.102 (n)39 (n)
Brandenburg78%0.22 · 0.05–1.02hosp.177 (n)34 (n)
Brandenburg64%0.36 · 0.13–0.98hosp.97 (n)34 (n)
Brandenburg35%0.65 · 0.28–1.48severe case102 (n)39 (n)
Brandenburg24%0.76 · 0.28–2.04severe case52 (n)34 (n)
Bielik30%0.70 · 0.40–1.21mod. case775 (n)365 (n)
Bielik−9%1.09 · 0.69–1.73cases775 (n)365 (n)
af Geijerstam50%0.50 · 0.31–0.81death318,902 (n)336,271 (n)
af Geijerstam40%0.60 · 0.46–0.80ICU318,902 (n)336,271 (n)
af Geijerstam27%0.73 · 0.64–0.83hosp.318,902 (n)336,271 (n)
Lee74%0.26 · 0.07–0.99death2/11,07232/41,293
Lee58%0.42 · 0.19–0.91severe case39/11,072273/41,293
Lee16%0.84 · 0.73–0.98cases291/11,0721,293/41,293
Maltagliati52%0.48 · 0.25–0.87hosp.n/an/a
Baynouna AlKetbi98%0.01 · 0.00–0.44deathn/an/a
Ahmadi30%0.70 · 0.54–0.89death160/232,613112/95,221
Nguyen20%0.80 · 0.72–0.88symp. case904/2,836483/1,111
Lin47%0.53 · 0.12–2.33casesn/an/a
de Souza73%0.27 · 0.07–1.06ventilation3/6116/327
de Souza34%0.66 · 0.43–0.99hosp.49/61142/327
Mohsin19%0.81 · 0.66–0.99severe case86/258224/544
Mohsin−1%1.01 · 0.88–1.15severe case290/698224/544
Ekblom-Bak48%0.52 · 0.30–0.92severe casen/an/a
Lengelé74%0.26 · 0.07–0.80cases23/2294/12
Saadeh9%0.91 · 0.56–1.43symp. case362 (n)225 (n)
Saadeh4%0.96 · 0.62–1.43symp. case362 (n)225 (n)
Hamrouni29%0.71 · 0.55–0.92death138/106,006109/47,827
Huang47%0.53 · 0.23–1.22severe case7/7416/90
Huang8%0.92 · 0.30–2.85severe case3/2320/141
Huang66%0.34 · 0.17–0.70casesn/an/a
Hamdan16%0.84 · 0.49–1.39hosp.22/12837/172
Steenkamp42%0.58 · 0.50–0.68death29,469 (n)13,366 (n)
Steenkamp45%0.55 · 0.47–0.64ventilation29,469 (n)13,366 (n)
Steenkamp41%0.59 · 0.52–0.66ICU29,469 (n)13,366 (n)
Steenkamp34%0.66 · 0.63–0.70hosp.29,469 (n)13,366 (n)
Gilley−42%1.42 · 0.60–3.35cases172/1,9175/79
Almansour6%0.94 · 0.40–1.47cases35/7138/71
Beydoun43%0.57 · 0.32–1.01cases1,710 (n)448 (n)
Beydoun62%0.38 · 0.18–0.78cases672 (n)448 (n)
Salgado-Aranda83%0.17 · 0.05–0.56death4/22341/297
Paul38%0.62 · 0.30–1.20PASC1,811 (all patients)LONG COVID
Paul4%0.96 · 0.53–1.63PASC1,811 (all patients)LONG COVID
Kontopoulou66%0.34 · 0.24–0.47recov. time42 (n)24 (n)
Kontopoulou67%0.33 · 0.24–0.46no recov.42 (n)24 (n)
Malisoux63%0.37 · 0.14–0.98progression115 (n)108 (n)
Malisoux52%0.48 · 0.18–1.29progression116 (n)108 (n)
Malisoux43%0.57 · 0.20–1.58progression113 (n)108 (n)
Antunes80%0.20 · 0.03–1.41ICU1/149/25
Antunes40%0.60 · 0.19–1.84misc.3/149/25
Antunes73%0.27 · 0.07–1.05misc.2/1413/25
Antunes43%0.57 · 0.34–0.95hosp. time14 (n)25 (n)
Antunes26%0.74 · 0.58–0.95misc.14 (n)25 (n)
Tsuzuki56%0.44 · 0.36–0.52severe case3,340 (n)1,528 (n)
Reis41%0.59 · 0.26–1.26hosp.9/24129/305
Pływaczewska-J..11%0.89 · 0.72–1.11m/s case490 (n)1,357 (n)
Pływaczewska-J..14%0.86 · 0.66–1.11PASC389 (n)1,128 (n)
Pitanga33%0.67 · 0.45–1.01cases1,469 (n)1,552 (n)
Green42%0.58 · 0.53–0.63cases1,267/11,14416,198/101,931
Kapusta71%0.29 · 0.20–0.43severe case181 (n)387 (n)
Young74%0.26 · 0.20–0.33death11,279 (n)29,099 (n)
Young65%0.35 · 0.27–0.45death11,279 (n)83,452 (n)
Young48%0.52 · 0.40–0.68death11,279 (n)42,490 (n)
Young35%0.65 · 0.49–0.85death11,279 (n)27,871 (n)
Young48%0.52 · 0.46–0.60hosp.11,279 (n)29,099 (n)
Young42%0.58 · 0.51–0.66hosp.11,279 (n)83,452 (n)
Young30%0.70 · 0.61–0.79hosp.11,279 (n)42,490 (n)
Young20%0.80 · 0.70–0.91hosp.11,279 (n)27,871 (n)
Wang11%0.89 · 0.75–1.06PASC274/691283/594LONG COVID
Wang49%0.51 · 0.33–0.78PASC188 (n)66 (n)LONG COVID
Park26%0.74 · 0.53–1.04deathn/an/a
Park38%0.62 · 0.41–0.93deathn/an/a
Park7%0.93 · 0.87–0.99casesn/an/a
Park10%0.90 · 0.84–0.96casesn/an/a
Sanchez54%0.46 · 0.38–0.55symp. casen/an/a
Cardoso73%0.27 · 0.17–0.45severe casecase-control study
Feter26%0.74 · 0.58–0.95PASC52 (n)95 (n)LONG COVID
Feter17%0.83 · 0.69–0.99PASC67 (n)170 (n)LONG COVID
Sutkowska62%0.38 · 0.08–1.72death71 (n)60 (n)
Sutkowska61%0.39 · 0.04–4.39no recov.71 (n)60 (n)
Frish53%0.47 · 0.23–0.95cases212 (n)1,202 (n)
Schmidt31%0.69 · 0.50–0.94cases956 (n)2,705 (n)CoCo-Fakt
Schmidt34%0.66 · 0.46–0.93cases956 (n)1,113 (n)CoCo-Fakt
Schmidt23%0.77 · 0.62–0.97cases3,658 (n)1,680 (n)CoCo-Fakt
Schmidt22%0.78 · 0.63–0.98cases3,371 (n)1,716 (n)CoCo-Fakt
Šebić89%0.11 · 0.01–1.90oxygen0/534/47
Šebić91%0.09 · 0.00–1.51hosp.0/535/47
Šebić84%0.16 · 0.06–0.43progression4/5322/47
Šebić47%0.53 · 0.37–0.75no recov.22/5337/47
Hegazy54%0.46 · 0.27–0.77m/s case15/5015/23
Hegazy97%0.03 · 0.00–0.43m/s case0/730/61
Akbar7%0.93 · 0.79–1.10cases3,333 (n)3,333 (n)
Pavlidou42%0.58 · 0.51–0.68cases902 (n)4,295 (n)
Rocha20%0.80 · 0.63–0.99PASC388 (n)2,096 (n)LONG COVID
Rocha30%0.70 · 0.49–0.99PASC388 (n)2,096 (n)LONG COVID
Rocha39%0.61 · 0.43–0.88PASC388 (n)2,096 (n)LONG COVID
Rocha42%0.58 · 0.35–0.96PASC388 (n)2,096 (n)LONG COVID
Rocha5%0.95 · 0.66–1.35PASC388 (n)2,096 (n)LONG COVID
Rocha73%0.27 · 0.04–2.04PASC388 (n)2,096 (n)LONG COVID
Wang30%0.70 · 0.61–0.80death57,930 (n)10,966 (n)
Wang12%0.88 · 0.83–0.94hosp.57,930 (n)10,966 (n)
Wang14%0.86 · 0.80–0.92PASC57,930 (n)10,966 (n)
Muñoz-Vergara27%0.73 · 0.60–0.90hosp.332/42,159203/12,405
Muñoz-Vergara9%0.91 · 0.85–0.97cases3,898/42,1591,293/12,405
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