Association of COVID-19 Infection with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Adults’ Population Aged over 65 Years Old

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 10]], 'date-time': '2023-11-10T00:34:44Z', 'timestamp': 1699576484253}, 'reference-count': 112, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '4', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 9]], 'date-time': '2023-11-09T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1699488000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unfavorable disruptions to daily living ' 'routines by exerting deleterious effects on several aspects of human mental and physical ' 'health and quality of life worldwide. The purpose of the current survey is to explore the ' 'potential association of COVID-19 infection with multiple sociodemographic, anthropometric, ' 'and lifestyle factors of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional ' 'survey including 5197 older adults aged over 65 years old from 10 geographically diverse ' 'regions of Greece. Relevant questionnaires were used to record study the population ' 'sociodemographic factor, while anthropometric parameters were also measured. Validated ' 'questionnaires were also applied to assess several lifestyle factors such as depression, ' 'anxiety, stress, cognitive status, sleep quality, health-related quality of life, physical ' 'activity levels, and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence. Results: In multivariate regression ' 'analysis, COVID-19 infection was significantly, independently related with urban residence (p ' '= 0.0107), regular smoking (p = 0.0218), overweight status and obesity (p = 0.0036), as well ' 'as abdominal obesity (p = 0.0008), higher risk of depression (p = 0.0027), anxiety (p = ' '0.0045), stress (p = 0.0038), inadequate sleep quality (p = 0.0108), lower physical activity ' 'levels (p = 0.0012), reduced MD compliance (p = 0.0009), and poor health-related quality of ' 'life (p = 0.0002). In univariate analysis, older adults’ age (p = 0.0001), male gender (p = ' '0.0015), living alone (p = 0.0023), lower educational and economic level (p = 0.0175 and p = ' '0.0294, respectively), and cognition decline (p = 0.0032) were also related with the presence ' 'of COVID-19 infection; however, these associations were considerably attenuated at a ' 'non-significant level by adjustment for several confounders in multivariate analysis. ' 'Conclusions: This is one of the few available studies supporting evidence that COVID-19 ' 'infection may be associated with diverse sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle ' 'factors in an older adults’ population in Greece. This study highlights the strong demand to ' 'provide psychological and nutritional counselling and support to older adults diagnosed with ' 'COVID-19 infection in order to ameliorate disease symptoms and severity, emphasizing the ' 'adaptation of healthy dietary and lifestyle habits as preventing and supplementary ' 'therapeutic factors against COVID-19.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/diseases11040165', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 9]], 'date-time': '2023-11-09T13:08:58Z', 'timestamp': 1699535338000}, 'page': '165', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Association of COVID-19 Infection with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors: A ' 'Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Adults’ Population Aged over 65 Years Old', 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '11', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-3544', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Eleni', 'family': 'Pavlidou', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, ' 'University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-6128', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Sousana K.', 'family': 'Papadopoulou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of ' 'Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 ' 'Thessaloniki, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Georgios', 'family': 'Antasouras', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, ' 'University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Theofanis', 'family': 'Vorvolakos', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of ' 'Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 ' 'Alexandoupoli, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Olga', 'family': 'Alexatou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, ' 'University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Gerasimos', 'family': 'Tsourouflis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Medical School, ' 'National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, ' 'Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Exakousti-Petroula', 'family': 'Angelakou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, ' 'University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Aspasia', 'family': 'Serdari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Psychiatry and Child Psychiatry, University ' 'Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, ' '68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-6595', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Maria G.', 'family': 'Grammatikopoulou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of ' 'Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Health Sciences, ' 'Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, ' 'Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Evmorfia', 'family': 'Psara', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, ' 'University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece'}]}, { 'given': 'Konstantinos', 'family': 'Vadikolias', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Democritus ' 'University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2328-3862', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Antonios', 'family': 'Dakanalis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San ' 'Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy'}, { 'name': 'Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, ' 'Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Nikolaos', 'family': 'Lefantzis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, ' 'Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of ' 'Athens, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-4831', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Constantinos', 'family': 'Giaginis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, ' 'University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece'}]}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 9]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref_1', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization (2023, March 14). 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