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Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Prior to Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition

Wang et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6555

Feb 2023

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Prospective analysis of 32,249 women, showing lower risk of PASC with a healthy lifestyle, in a dose-dependent manner. Participants with 5 or 6 healthy lifestyle factors had significantly lower COVID-19 hospitalization and PASC. BMI and sleep were independently associated with risk of PASC.

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Study covers diet, exercise, and sleep.

risk of PASC, 10.7% lower, RR 0.89, p = 0.20, high activity levels 274 of 691 (39.7%), low activity levels 283 of 594 (47.6%), NNT 13, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor high activity levels, ≥210 vs. 0-30, multivariable, model 2.

risk of PASC, 49.0% lower, RR 0.51, p = 0.002, high activity levels 188, low activity levels 66, 5 or 6 healthy lifestyle factors vs. 0.

risk of hospitalization, 78.1% lower, RR 0.22, p = 0.006, high activity levels 5 of 188 (2.7%), low activity levels 8 of 66 (12.1%), NNT 11, 5 or 6 healthy lifestyle factors vs. 0.

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Wang et al., 6 Feb 2023, prospective, USA, peer-reviewed, survey, mean age 64.7, 8 authors, study period April 2020 - November 2021. Contact: siwenwang@hsph.harvard.

This Paper Exercise All

Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Prior to Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition

MD Siwen Wang, PhD Yanping Li, MS Yiyang Yue, ScD Changzheng Yuan, ScD Jae Hee Kang, MD, ScD Jorge E Chavarro, PhD Shilpa N Bhupathiraju, PhD Andrea L Roberts

JAMA Internal Medicine, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6555

Few modifiable risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) have been identified. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between healthy lifestyle factors prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of PCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective cohort study, 32 249 women in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort reported preinfection lifestyle habits in 2015 and 2017. Healthy lifestyle factors included healthy body mass index (BMI, 18.5-24.9; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), never smoking, at least 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, moderate alcohol intake (5 to 15 g/d), high diet quality (upper 40% of Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 score), and adequate sleep (7 to 9 h/d). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by test) and PCC (at least 4 weeks of symptoms) were self-reported on 7 periodic surveys administered from April 2020 to November 2021. Among participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the relative risk (RR) of PCC in association with the number of healthy lifestyle factors (0 to 6) was estimated using Poisson regression and adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 1981 women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test over 19 months of follow-up were documented. Among those participants, mean age was 64.7 years (SD, 4.6; range, 55-75); 97.4% (n = 1929) were White; and 42.8% (n = 848) were active health care workers. Among these, 871 (44.0%) developed PCC. Healthy lifestyle was associated with lower risk of PCC in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with women without any healthy lifestyle factors, those with 5 to 6 had 49% lower risk (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.78) of PCC. In a model mutually adjusted for all lifestyle factors, BMI and sleep were independently associated with risk of PCC (BMI, 18.5-24.9 vs others, RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-1.00, P = .046; sleep, 7-9 h/d vs others, RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, P = .008). If these associations were causal, 36.0% of PCC cases would have been prevented if all participants had 5 to 6 healthy lifestyle factors (population attributable risk percentage, 36.0%; 95% CI, 14.1%-52.7%). Results were comparable when PCC was defined as symptoms of at least 2-month duration or having ongoing symptoms at the time of PCC assessment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this prospective cohort study, pre-infection healthy lifestyle was associated with a substantially lower risk of PCC. Future research should investigate whether lifestyle interventions may reduce risk of developing PCC or mitigate symptoms among individuals with PCC or possibly other postinfection syndromes.

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