Frailty but not sarcopenia nor malnutrition increases the risk of developing COVID-19 in older community-dwelling adults

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 15]], 'date-time': '2022-04-15T08:27:17Z', 'timestamp': 1650011237829}, 'reference-count': 69, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 23]], 'date-time': '2021-10-23T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1634947200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 23]], 'date-time': '2021-10-23T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1634947200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100002661', 'name': 'fonds de la recherche scientifique - fnrs', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 1]]}, 'DOI': '10.1007/s40520-021-01991-z', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 23]], 'date-time': '2021-10-23T17:02:31Z', 'timestamp': 1635008551000}, 'page': '223-234', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 2, 'title': 'Frailty but not sarcopenia nor malnutrition increases the risk of developing COVID-19 in older ' 'community-dwelling adults', 'prefix': '10.1007', 'volume': '34', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-3591', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Laetitia', 'family': 'Lengelé', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Médéa', 'family': 'Locquet', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Michel', 'family': 'Moutschen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Charlotte', 'family': 'Beaudart', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jean-François', 'family': 'Kaux', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sophie', 'family': 'Gillain', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jean-Yves', 'family': 'Reginster', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Olivier', 'family': 'Bruyère', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 23]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '1991_CR1', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) WHO Director-General’s opening ' 'remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020'}, { 'key': '1991_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.archger.2020.104124', 'volume': '89', 'author': 'LK Chen', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Chen LK (2020) Older adults and COVID-19 pandemic: resilience matters. ' 'Arch Gerontol Geriatr 89:104124. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104124', 'journal-title': 'Arch Gerontol Geriatr'}, { 'key': '1991_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Belgium: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination ' 'Data|WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data ' 'Available online: https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/be. ' 'Accessed on 10 Jul 2021', 'DOI': '10.46945/bpj.10.1.03.01'}, { 'key': '1991_CR4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '173', 'DOI': '10.1139/bcb-2020-0341', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'S Willows', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Willows S, Alam SB, Sandhu JK et al (2021) A Canadian perspective on ' 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and treatment: ' 'how prevalent underlying inflammatory disease contributes to ' 'pathogenesis. Biochem Cell Biol 99:173–194. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2020-0341', 'journal-title': 'Biochem Cell Biol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '424', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25685', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'G Li', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y et al (2020) Coronavirus infections and immune ' 'responses. J Med Virol 92:424–432. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25685', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'B Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Zhang B, Zhou X, Qiu Y et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of 82 death ' 'cases with COVID-19. medRxiv. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.26.20028191', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.02.26.20028191'}, { 'key': '1991_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '260', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12291-020-00897-3', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'M Lingeswaran', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lingeswaran M, Goyal T, Ghosh R et al (2020) Inflammation, immunity and ' 'immunogenetics in COVID-19: a narrative review. Indian J Clin Biochem ' '35:260–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-020-00897-3', 'journal-title': 'Indian J Clin Biochem'}, { 'key': '1991_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '689', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40520-019-01375-4', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'D Schoevaerdts', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Schoevaerdts D, Sibille FX, Gavazzi G (2021) Infections in the older ' 'population: what do we know? Aging Clin Exp Res 33:689–701. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01375-4', 'journal-title': 'Aging Clin Exp Res'}, { 'key': '1991_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1089', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11357-020-00218-9', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'L Bencivenga', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Bencivenga L, Rengo G, Varricchi G (2020) Elderly at time of COronaVIrus ' 'disease 2019 (COVID-19): possible role of immunosenescence and ' 'malnutrition. Geroscience 42:1089–1092. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00218-9', 'journal-title': 'Geroscience'}, { 'key': '1991_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e34', 'DOI': '10.1093/gerona/glaa149', 'volume': '75', 'author': 'S Salimi', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Salimi S, Hamlyn JM, Le Couteur D (2020) COVID-19 and crosstalk with the ' 'hallmarks of aging. J Gerontol 75:e34–e41. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa149', 'journal-title': 'J Gerontol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1793', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphys.2020.571416', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'V Bajaj', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Bajaj V, Gadi N, Spihlman AP et al (2021) Aging, immunity, and COVID-19: ' 'how age influences the host immune response to coronavirus infections? ' 'Front Physiol 11:1793. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.571416', 'journal-title': 'Front Physiol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '934', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994', 'volume': '180', 'author': 'C Wu', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y et al (2020) Risk factors associated with acute ' 'respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus ' 'disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med 180:934–943. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med'}, { 'key': '1991_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '49', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004', 'volume': '36', 'author': 'T Cederholm', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Austin P et al (2017) ESPEN guidelines on ' 'definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr 36:49–64. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004', 'journal-title': 'Clin Nutr'}, { 'key': '1991_CR14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '851', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0007114520003311', 'volume': '125', 'author': 'AH De Araújo Morais', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'De Araújo Morais AH, Aquino JDS, Da Silva-Maia JK et al (2021) ' 'Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives ' 'for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Br J Nutr ' '125:851–862. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520003311', 'journal-title': 'Br J Nutr'}, { 'key': '1991_CR15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph18052455', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'C Suardi', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Suardi C, Cazzaniga E, Graci S et al (2021) Link between viral ' 'infections, immune system, inflammation and diet. Int J Environ Res ' 'Public Health 18:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052455', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Public Health'}, { 'key': '1991_CR16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1631', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.022', 'volume': '39', 'author': 'R Barazzoni', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J et al (2020) ESPEN expert statements ' 'and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Nutr 39:1631–1638. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.022', 'journal-title': 'Clin Nutr'}, { 'key': '1991_CR17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1613', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40520-020-01616-x', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'F Landi', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Landi F, Gremese E, Bernabei R et al (2020) Post-COVID-19 global health ' 'strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach. Aging Clin Exp ' 'Res 32:1613–1620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01616-x', 'journal-title': 'Aging Clin Exp Res'}, { 'key': '1991_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3160', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'D Wu', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Wu D, Lewis ED, Pae M et al (2019) Nutritional modulation of immune ' 'function: analysis of evidence, mechanisms, and clinical relevance. ' 'Front Immunol 10:3160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1429', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40520-021-01846-7', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'A Zucchelli', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Zucchelli A, Bologna E, Marengoni A (2021) Why data on frailty and ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection are basic to progress. Aging Clin Exp Res ' '33:1429–1432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01846-7', 'journal-title': 'Aging Clin Exp Res'}, { 'key': '1991_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109946', 'volume': '144', 'author': 'I Lidoriki', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lidoriki I, Frountzas M, Schizas D (2020) Could nutritional and ' 'functional status serve as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in the ' 'elderly? Med Hypotheses 144:109946. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109946', 'journal-title': 'Med Hypotheses'}, { 'key': '1991_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '752', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62167-9', 'volume': '381', 'author': 'A Clegg', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S et al (2013) Frailty in elderly people. ' 'Lancet 381:752–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62167-9', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '1991_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '16', 'DOI': '10.1093/ageing/afy169', 'volume': '48', 'author': 'AJ Cruz-Jentoft', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised ' 'European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48:16–31. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169', 'journal-title': 'Age Ageing'}, { 'key': '1991_CR23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '7', 'DOI': '10.1111/ggi.13839', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'T Okazaki', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Okazaki T, Ebihara S, Mori T et al (2020) Association between sarcopenia ' 'and pneumonia in older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 20:7–13. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13839', 'journal-title': 'Geriatr Gerontol Int'}, { 'key': '1991_CR24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'P-Y Wang', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Wang P-Y, Li Y, Wang Q (2021) Sarcopenia: an underlying treatment target ' 'during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrition. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.111104', 'journal-title': 'Nutrition', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.nut.2020.111104'}, { 'key': '1991_CR25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '80', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.05.006', 'volume': '126', 'author': 'S Leij-Halfwerk', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Leij-Halfwerk S, Verwijs MH, van Houdt S et al (2019) Prevalence of ' 'protein-energy malnutrition risk in European older adults in community, ' 'residential and hospital settings, according to 22 malnutrition ' 'screening tools validated for use in adults ≥65 years: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 126:80–89. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.05.006', 'journal-title': 'Maturitas'}, { 'key': '1991_CR26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '96', 'DOI': '10.1093/ageing/afaa219', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'R O’Caoimh', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'O’Caoimh R, Sezgin D, O’Donovan MR et al (2021) Prevalence of frailty in ' '62 countries across the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ' 'population-level studies. Age Ageing 50:96–104. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa219', 'journal-title': 'Age Ageing'}, { 'key': '1991_CR27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'G Shafiee', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Shafiee G, Keshtkar A, Soltani A et al (2017) Prevalence of sarcopenia ' 'in the world: a systematic review and meta- analysis of general ' 'population studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40200-017-0302-x', 'journal-title': 'J Diabetes Metab Disord', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40200-017-0302-x'}, { 'key': '1991_CR28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1897', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40520-020-01653-6', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'SJ Woolford', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Woolford SJ, D’Angelo S, Curtis EM et al (2020) COVID-19 and ' 'associations with frailty and multimorbidity: a prospective analysis of ' 'UK Biobank participants. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:1897–1905. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01653-6', 'journal-title': 'Aging Clin Exp Res'}, { 'key': '1991_CR29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'OH Del Brutto', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Del Brutto OH, Costa AF, Recalde BY et al (2020) Frailty and SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infection. A population-based study in a highly endemic village. J ' 'Neurol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117136', 'journal-title': 'J Neurol Sci', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jns.2020.117136'}, { 'key': '1991_CR30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '103', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.exger.2015.05.003', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'C Beaudart', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Petermans J et al (2015) Quality of life and ' 'physical components linked to sarcopenia: the SarcoPhAge study. Exp ' 'Gerontol 69:103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2015.05.003', 'journal-title': 'Exp Gerontol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '155', 'DOI': '10.4081/monaldi.2012.121', 'volume': '78', 'author': 'G Balestroni', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Balestroni G, Bertolotti G (2015) EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D): an instrument for ' 'measuring quality of life. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 78:155–159. ' 'https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2012.121', 'journal-title': 'Monaldi Arch Chest Dis'}, { 'key': '1991_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'A Geerinck', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Geerinck A, Locquet M, Bruyère O et al (2021) Evaluating quality of life ' 'in frailty: applicability and clinimetric properties of the SarQoL® ' 'questionnaire. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12687', 'journal-title': 'J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle', 'DOI': '10.1002/jcsm.12687'}, { 'key': '1991_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '92', 'DOI': '10.1177/135581969800300206', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'C Jenkinson', 'year': '1998', 'unstructured': 'Jenkinson C (1998) The SF-36 physical and mental health summary ' 'measures: an example of how to interpret scores. J Heal Serv Res Policy ' '3:92–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/135581969800300206', 'journal-title': 'J Heal Serv Res Policy'}, { 'key': '1991_CR34', 'unstructured': 'Nestlé Nutrition Institute Nutrition screening as easy as MNA: a guide ' 'to complete the Mini Nutiritonal Assessment (MNA). Available online: ' 'https://www.mna-elderly.com/forms/mna_guide_english.pdf. Accessed on 17 ' 'Feb 2021'}, { 'key': '1991_CR35', 'first-page': '456', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'B Vellas', 'year': '2006', 'unstructured': 'Vellas B, Villars H, Abellan G et al (2006) Overview of the MNA®—its ' 'history and challenges. J Nutr Heal Aging 10:456–463', 'journal-title': 'J Nutr Heal Aging'}, { 'key': '1991_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'MJ Kaiser', 'year': '2009', 'unstructured': 'Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C et al (2009) Validation of the mini ' 'nutritional assessment short-form (MNA®-SF): a practical tool for ' 'identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0214-7', 'journal-title': 'J Nutr Health Aging', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12603-009-0214-7'}, { 'key': '1991_CR37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '366', 'DOI': '10.1093/gerona/56.6.M366', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'LZ Rubenstein', 'year': '2001', 'unstructured': 'Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salvà A et al (2001) Screening for ' 'undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form ' 'mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF). J Gerontol 56:366–372. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.6.M366', 'journal-title': 'J Gerontol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '171', 'DOI': '10.1177/0036850419854290', 'volume': '102', 'author': 'C Corcoran', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Corcoran C, Murphy C, Culligan EP et al (2019) Malnutrition in the ' 'elderly. Sci Prog 102:171–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0036850419854290', 'journal-title': 'Sci Prog'}, { 'key': '1991_CR39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'Y Guigoz', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Guigoz Y, Vellas B (2021) Nutritional assessment in older adults: MNA® ' '25 years of a screening tool and a reference standard for care and ' 'research; what next\u202f? J Nutr Health Aging. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1601-y', 'journal-title': 'J Nutr Health Aging', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12603-021-1601-y'}, { 'key': '1991_CR40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '423', 'DOI': '10.1093/ageing/afr051', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'HC Roberts', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ et al (2011) A review of the ' 'measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: ' 'towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing 40:423–429. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr051', 'journal-title': 'Age Ageing'}, { 'key': '1991_CR41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '146', 'DOI': '10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'LP Fried', 'year': '2001', 'unstructured': 'Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J et al (2001) Frailty in older adults: ' 'evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Med Sci 56:146–156', 'journal-title': 'J Gerontol A Biol Med Sci'}, { 'key': '1991_CR42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '28', 'DOI': '10.1002/1097-4679(198601)42:1<28::AID-JCLP2270420104>3.0.CO;2-T', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'JG Orme', 'year': '1984', 'unstructured': 'Orme JG, Reis J, Herz EJ (1984) Factorial and discriminant validity of ' 'the center for epidemiological studies depression (CES-D) scale. J Clin ' 'Psychol 42:28–33', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Psychol'}, { 'key': '1991_CR43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '741', 'DOI': '10.1016/0021-9681(78)90058-9', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'HL Taylor', 'year': '1978', 'unstructured': 'Taylor HL, Jacobs DR, Schucker B et al (1978) A questionnaire for the ' 'assessment of leisure time physical activities. J Chronic Dis ' '31:741–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(78)90058-9', 'journal-title': 'J Chronic Dis'}, { 'key': '1991_CR44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '50', 'DOI': '10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835b612e', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Z Zadak', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Zadak Z, Hyspler R, Ticha A et al (2013) Polypharmacy and malnutrition. ' 'Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 16:50–55. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835b612e', 'journal-title': 'Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care'}, { 'key': '1991_CR45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2335', 'DOI': '10.1111/jgs.15553', 'volume': '66', 'author': 'M Streicher', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Streicher M, van Zwienen-Pot J, Bardon L et al (2018) Determinants of ' 'incident malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults: a Manuel ' 'multicohort meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2335–2343. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15553', 'journal-title': 'J Am Geriatr Soc'}, { 'key': '1991_CR46', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'V Bokhorst-de', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Bokhorst-de V, van der Schueren MAE, Lonterman-Monasch S et al (2013) ' 'Prevalence and determinants for malnutrition in geriatric outpatients. ' 'Clin Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.007', 'journal-title': 'Clin Nutr', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.007'}, { 'key': '1991_CR47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'T Coelho', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Coelho T, Paúl C, Gobbens RJJ et al (2015) Determinants of frailty: The ' 'added value of assessing medication. Front Aging Neurosci. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00056', 'journal-title': 'Front Aging Neurosci', 'DOI': '10.3389/fnagi.2015.00056'}, { 'key': '1991_CR48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '922', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'TN Tombaugh', 'year': '1992', 'unstructured': 'Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ (1992) The Mini-mental state examination: a ' 'comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 40:922–935. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x', 'journal-title': 'J Am Geriatr Soc'}, { 'key': '1991_CR49', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '174', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.002', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'SM Abate', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Abate SM, Chekole YA, Estifanos MB et al (2021) Prevalence and outcomes ' 'of malnutrition among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 43:174–183. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.002', 'journal-title': 'Clin Nutr ESPEN'}, { 'key': '1991_CR50', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '369', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.021', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'NJ Wierdsma', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Wierdsma NJ, Kruizenga HM, Konings LA et al (2021) Poor nutritional ' 'status, risk of sarcopenia and nutrition related complaints are ' 'prevalent in COVID-19 patients during and after hospital admission. Clin ' 'Nutr ESPEN 43:369–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.021', 'journal-title': 'Clin Nutr ESPEN'}, { 'key': '1991_CR51', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '863', 'DOI': '10.1002/jcsm.12589', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'JE Morley', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Morley JE, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Anker SD (2020) COVID-19: a major cause of ' 'cachexia and sarcopenia? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 11:863–865. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12589', 'journal-title': 'J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle'}, { 'key': '1991_CR52', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '871', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41430-020-0642-3', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'T Li', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Li T, Zhang Y, Gong C et al (2020) Prevalence of malnutrition and ' 'analysis of related factors in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, ' 'China. Eur J Clin Nutr 74:871–875. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0642-3', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Clin Nutr'}, { 'key': '1991_CR53', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '369', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12603-020-1541-y', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Y Yu', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Yu Y, Ye J, Chen M et al (2021) Erratum to: malnutrition prolongs the ' 'hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 infection: a clinical ' 'epidemiological analysis (The journal of nutrition, health and aging, ' '(2020), 10.1007/s12603-020-1541-y). J Nutr Heal Aging 25:369–373', 'journal-title': 'J Nutr Heal Aging'}, { 'key': '1991_CR54', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.3389/fnut.2020.619850', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'E Mertens', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Mertens E, Peñalvo JL (2021) The burden of malnutrition and fatal ' 'COVID-19: a global burden of disease analysis. Front Nutr 7:1–12. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.619850', 'journal-title': 'Front Nutr'}, { 'key': '1991_CR55', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'J-W Kim', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Kim J-W, Yoon JS, Kim EJ et al (2021) Prognostic implication of baseline ' 'sarcopenia for length of hospital stay and survival in patients with ' 'coronavirus disease 2019. J Gerontol Ser A. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab085', 'journal-title': 'J Gerontol Ser A', 'DOI': '10.1093/gerona/glab085'}, { 'key': '1991_CR56', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e323', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30091-4', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'P Hanlon', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Hanlon P, Nicholl BI, Jani BD et al (2018) Frailty and pre-frailty in ' 'middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and ' 'mortality: a prospective analysis of 493 737 UK Biobank participants. ' 'Lancet Public Health 3:e323–e332. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30091-4', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Public Health'}, { 'key': '1991_CR57', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13690-020-00433-y', 'volume': '78', 'author': 'GMA Wyper', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Wyper GMA, Assunção R, Cuschieri S et al (2020) Population vulnerability ' 'to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis. Arch Public Heal ' '78:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00433-y', 'journal-title': 'Arch Public Heal'}, { 'key': '1991_CR58', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13690-020-00496-x', 'volume': '78', 'author': 'N Bustos Sierra', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Bustos Sierra N, Bossuyt N, Braeye T et al (2020) All-cause mortality ' 'supports the COVID-19 mortality in Belgium and comparison with major ' 'fatal events of the last century. Arch Public Heal 78:1–8. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00496-x', 'journal-title': 'Arch Public Heal'}, { 'key': '1991_CR59', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'F Dumitrascu', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Dumitrascu F, Branje KE, Hladkowicz ES et al (2021) Association of ' 'frailty with outcomes in individuals with COVID-19: a living review and ' 'meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17299', 'journal-title': 'J Am Geriatr Soc', 'DOI': '10.1111/jgs.17299'}, { 'key': '1991_CR60', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '65', 'DOI': '10.1159/000382063', 'volume': '83', 'author': 'T Cederholm', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Cederholm T (2015) Overlaps between frailty and sarcopenia definitions. ' 'Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 83:65–69. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1159/000382063', 'journal-title': 'Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser'}, { 'key': '1991_CR61', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '42', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035', 'volume': '132', 'author': 'CM Nascimento', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Nascimento CM, Ingles M, Salvador-Pascual A et al (2019) Sarcopenia, ' 'frailty and their prevention by exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 132:42–49. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035', 'journal-title': 'Free Radic Biol Med'}, { 'key': '1991_CR62', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1029', 'DOI': '10.4236/health.2020.128076', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'X Sofra', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Sofra X, Badami S (2020) Adverse effects of sedentary lifestyles: ' 'inflammation, and high-glucose induced oxidative stress—a double blind ' 'randomized clinical trial on diabetic and prediabetic patients. Health ' '(Irvine Calif) 12:1029–1048. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2020.128076', 'journal-title': 'Health (Irvine Calif)'}, { 'key': '1991_CR63', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1502', 'DOI': '10.1249/MSS.0000000000001582', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'A Nilsson', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Nilsson A, Bergens O, Kadi F (2018) Physical activity alters ' 'inflammation in older adults by different intensity levels. Med Sci ' 'Sports Exerc 50:1502–1507. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001582', 'journal-title': 'Med Sci Sports Exerc'}, { 'key': '1991_CR64', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '15', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'MP da Silveira', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR et al (2021) Physical ' 'exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an ' 'integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med 21:15–28. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3', 'journal-title': 'Clin Exp Med'}, { 'key': '1991_CR65', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '6645', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph10126645', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'JA Harvey', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Harvey JA, Chastin SFM, Skelton DA (2013) Prevalence of sedentary ' 'behavior in older adults: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public ' 'Health 10:6645–6661. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10126645', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Public Health'}, { 'key': '1991_CR66', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1190', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.009', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'AM Negm', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Negm AM, Kennedy CC, Thabane L et al (2019) Management of frailty: a ' 'systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled ' 'trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc 20:1190–1198. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.009', 'journal-title': 'J Am Med Dir Assoc'}, { 'key': '1991_CR67', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'M Antonelli', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Antonelli M, Penfold RS, Merino J et al (2021) Risk factors and disease ' 'profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the ' 'COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, ' 'case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00460-6', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00460-6'}, { 'key': '1991_CR68', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '505', 'DOI': '10.1016/0021-9681(86)90195-5', 'volume': '39', 'author': 'AR Folsom', 'year': '1986', 'unstructured': 'Folsom AR, Jacobs DR, Caspersen CJ et al (1986) Test-retest reliability ' 'of the Minnesota leisure time physical activity questionnaire. J Chronic ' 'Dis 39:505–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(86)90195-5', 'journal-title': 'J Chronic Dis'}, { 'key': '1991_CR69', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '271', 'DOI': '10.1016/0895-4356(94)90008-6', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'MT Richardson', 'year': '1994', 'unstructured': 'Richardson MT, Leon AS, Jacobs DR et al (1994) Comprehensive evaluation ' 'of the Minnesota leisure time physical activity questionnaire. J Clin ' 'Epidemiol 47:271–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(94)90008-6', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Epidemiol'}], 'container-title': 'Aging Clinical and Experimental Research', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-021-01991-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40520-021-01991-z/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-021-01991-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 1, 27]], 'date-time': '2022-01-27T10:27:43Z', 'timestamp': 1643279263000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40520-021-01991-z'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 23]]}, 'references-count': 69, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 1]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['1991'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01991-z', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1720-8319'], 'subject': ['Geriatrics and Gerontology', 'Aging'], 'container-title-short': 'Aging Clin Exp Res', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 23]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '16 July 2021', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '25 September 2021', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '23 October 2021', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no conflict of interest.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Conflict of interest'}}, { 'value': 'The guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed, and the present ' 'study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Liege Teaching ' 'Hospital (reference 2012/277), with two amendments in 2015 and 2018.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethical approval'}}, { 'value': 'All procedures followed have been performed in accordance with the ethical ' 'standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later ' 'amendments.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Human and animal rights'}}, { 'value': 'Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.', 'order': 5, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.', 'order': 6, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'This content has been made available to all.', 'name': 'free', 'label': 'Free to read'}]}