Physical Activity Modifies the Severity of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients—Observational Study

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3390/jcm12124046", "ISSN": [ "2077-0383" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124046", "abstract": "<jats:p>Background and aim: Physical activity (PA) can modulate the immune response, but its impact on infectious disease severity is unknown. We assess if the PA level impacts the severity of COVID-19. Methods: Prospective, cohort study for adults hospitalized due to COVID-19, who filled out the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Disease severity was expressed as death, transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), oxygen therapy (OxTh), hospitalization length, complications, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin level. Results: Out of 326 individuals, 131 (57; 43.51% women) were analyzed: age: median—70; range: 20–95; BMI: mean—27.18 kg/m²; and SD: ±4.77. During hospitalization: 117 (83.31%) individuals recovered, nine (6.87%) were transferred to ICU, five (3.82%) died, and 83 (63.36%) needed OxTh. The median for the hospital stay was 11 (range: 3–49) for discharged patients, and mean hospitalization length was 14 (SD: ±5.8312) for deaths and 14.22 days (SD: ±6.92) for ICU-transferred patients. The median for MET-min/week was 660 (range: 0–19,200). Sufficient or high PA was found in recovered patients but insufficient PA was observed in dead or ICU-transferred patients (p = 0.03). The individuals with poor PA had a higher risk of death (HR = 2.63; ±95%CI 0.58–11.93; p = 0.037). OxTh was used more often in the less active individuals (p = 0.03). The principal component analysis confirmed a relationship between insufficient PA and an unfavorable course of the disease. Conclusion: A higher level of PA is associated with a milder course of COVID-19.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "jcm12124046" ], "author": [ { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-8978", "affiliation": [ { "name": "University Rehabilitation Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Sutkowska", "given": "Edyta", "sequence": "first" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-9898", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Stanek", "given": "Agata", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-3691", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Clinical Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Madziarska", "given": "Katarzyna", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-8306", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Jakubiak", "given": "Grzegorz K.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2992-5499", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Clinical Department of Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Sokołowski", "given": "Janusz", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Clinical Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "family": "Madziarski", "given": "Marcin", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-4103", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Sutkowska-Stępień", "given": "Karolina", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-0177", "affiliation": [ { "name": "University Rehabilitation Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Biernat", "given": "Karolina", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-0286", "affiliation": [ { "name": "University Rehabilitation Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Mazurek", "given": "Justyna", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Specialist Hospital No.2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland" } ], "family": "Borowkow-Bulek", "given": "Adrianna", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Postgraduate–Internship, University Hospital, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland" } ], "family": "Czyżewski", "given": "Jakub", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Postgraduate–Internship, University Hospital, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland" } ], "family": "Wilk", "given": "Gabriela", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Postgraduate–Internship, University Hospital, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland" } ], "family": "Jagasyk", "given": "Arkadiusz", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Drugs Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "family": "Marciniak", "given": "Dominik", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Journal of Clinical Medicine", "container-title-short": "JCM", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 6, 15 ] ], "date-time": "2023-06-15T06:03:19Z", "timestamp": 1686808999000 }, "deposited": { 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