Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All exercise studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchExerciseExercise (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Physical Activity and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study

Cho et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm10071539
Apr 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 53% Improvement Relative Risk Case 10% Exercise for COVID-19  Cho et al.  Prophylaxis Does physical activity reduce risk for COVID-19? Retrospective 97,123 patients in South Korea Lower mortality (p=0.014) and fewer cases (p<0.0001) c19early.org Cho et al., J. Clinical Medicine, April 2021 Favorsexercise Favorsinactivity 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Exercise for COVID-19
9th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 67 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 98 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 6,288 COVID+ patients and 125,772 matched controls in South Korea, showing significantly lower risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality with higher physical activity.
risk of death, 53.0% lower, OR 0.47, p = 0.01, high activity levels 17 of 48 (35.4%) cases, 3,223 of 4,536 (71.1%) controls, case control OR, moderate to vigorous vs. inactive.
risk of case, 10.0% lower, OR 0.90, p < 0.001, high activity levels 3,223 of 4,536 (71.1%) cases, 68,609 of 92,587 (74.1%) controls, NNT 142, case control OR, moderate to vigorous vs. inactive.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Cho et al., 6 Apr 2021, retrospective, South Korea, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
This PaperExerciseAll
Physical Activity and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study
Dong-Hyuk Cho, Sun Ju Lee, Sae Young Jae, Woo Joo Kim, Seong Jun Ha, Jun Gyo Gwon, Jimi Choi, Dong Wook Kim, Jang Young Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm10071539
Regular physical activity (PA) is known to reduce the risk of serious community-acquired infections. We examined the association of PA with the morbidity and mortality resulting from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in the South Korean population. Patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 and who underwent public health screening between 2014 and 2017 (n = 6288) were included. Age-and sex-matched controls (n = 125,772) were randomly selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Leisure-time PA was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. The mean PA levels were lower in the patient than in the control group (558.2 ± 516.3 vs. 580.2 ± 525.7 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min/week, p = 0.001). Patients with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) were associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 morbidity (odds ratio (OR), 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-0.95). In addition, a standard deviation (SD) increment in MET/week (525.3 MET-min/week) was associated with a 4% decrease in the risk of COVID-19 morbidity (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99). MVPA and an SD increment in MET/week were associated with lower mortality (MVPA: OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26-0.87; per SD increment: OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.88). Higher levels of regular PA were associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality, highlighting the importance of maintaining appropriate levels of PA along with social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.-H.C., S.J.L., and J.Y.K.; methodology, S.J.L. and D.W.K.; software, S.J.H. and J.C.; validation, D.W.K.; formal analysis, S.J.L. and D.W.K.; investigation, S.J.L.; resources, S.J.L. and J.G.G.; data curation, S.J.L.; writing-original draft preparation, D.-H.C.; writingreview and editing, S.Y.J. and J.Y.K.; visualization, S.J.L.; supervision, W.J.K., J.Y.K. and D.W.K.; project administration, J.Y.K.; funding acquisition, D.W.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
Baik, Curhan, Rimm, Bendich, Willett et al., A prospective study of age and lifestyle factors in relation to community-acquired pneumonia in us men and women, Arch. Intern. Med, doi:10.1001/archinte.160.20.3082
Boukelia, Alataibi, The effect of bmi and physical activity levels on the duration of symptomatic days with covid-19 infection, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.08.21.20179499
Brawner, Ehrman, Bole, Kerrigan, Parikh et al., Maximal exercise capacity is inversely related to hospitalization secondary to coronavirus disease 2019, Mayo Clin. Proc, doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.003
Campbell, Turner, Debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression: Redefining the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan, Front. Immunol, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648
Chastin, Abaraogu, Bourgois, Dall, Darnborough et al., Physical activity, immune function and risk of community acquired infectious disease in the general population: Systematic review and meta-analysis, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3673184
Cho, Yoo, Son, Kim, Park et al., Covid-19-implications for patients with heart failure: The korean society of heart failure's clinical recommendations, Int. J. Heart Fail, doi:10.36628/ijhf.2020.0015
Cucinotta, Vanelli, Who declares covid-19 a pandemic, Acta Biomed, doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
Grande, Keogh, Silva, Scott, Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity, and duration of acute respiratory infections, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010596.pub3
Hamer, Kivimaki, Gale, Batty, Lifestyle risk factors, inflammatory mechanisms, and covid-19 hospitalization: A community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK, Brain Behav. Immun, doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.059
Inoue, Koizumi, Wada, Iso, Watanabe et al., Risk and protective factors related to mortality from pneumonia among middleaged and elderly community residents: The jacc study, J. Epidemiol, doi:10.2188/jea.17.194
Jeong, Kim, Kang, Kim, Yoon et al., Mortality reduction with physical activity in patients with and without cardiovascular disease, Eur. Heart J, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz564
Jimenez-Pavon, Carbonell-Baeza, Lavie, Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of covid-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people, Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis, doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
Kohut, Senchina, Reversing age-associated immunosenescence via exercise, Exerc. Immunol. Rev
Kwon, Lee, Han, Kim, Lee et al., Association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 7666 adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm): More physical activity is better, Br. J. Sports Med, doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-101987
Lee, Ha, Yeniova, Moon, Kim et al., Severe clinical outcomes of covid-19 associated with proton pump inhibitors: A nationwide cohort study with propensity score matching, Gut, doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322248
Lee, Shiroma, Lobelo, Puska, Blair et al., Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy, Lancet
Mcfarlin, Flynn, Phillips, Stewart, Timmerman, Chronic resistance exercise training improves natural killer cell activity in older women, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci, doi:10.1093/gerona/60.10.1315
Murphy, Davis, Brown, Carmichael, Van Rooijen et al., Role of lung macrophages on susceptibility to respiratory infection following short-term moderate exercise training, Am. J. Physiol. Regul Integr. Comp. Physiol, doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00274.2004
Neuman, Willett, Curhan, Physical activity and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in us women, Am. J. Med, doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.07.028
Nieman, Henson, Austin, Sha, Upper respiratory tract infection is reduced in physically fit and active adults, Br. J. Sports Med, doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.077875
Nieman, Is infection risk linked to exercise workload?, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, doi:10.1097/00005768-200007001-00005
Nieman, Johanssen, Lee, Arabatzis, Infectious episodes in runners before and after the los angeles marathon, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit
Nieman, Wentz, The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system, J. Sport Health Sci, doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009
Phelan, Katz, Gostin, The novel coronavirus originating in wuhan, china: Challenges for global health governance, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1097
Piepoli, Hoes, Agewall, Albus, Brotons et al., european guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The sixth joint task force of the european society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) developed with the special contribution of the european association for cardiovascular prevention & rehabilitation (eacpr), Eur. Heart J, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106
Popkin, Du, Green, Beck, Algaith et al., Individuals with obesity and covid-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships, Obes. Rev, doi:10.1111/obr.13128
Reynolds, Adhikari, Pulgarin, Troxel, Iturrate et al., Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of covid-19, N. Engl. J. Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2008975
Seong, Kim, Park, Khang, Kim et al., Cohort profile: The national health insurance service-national health screening cohort (nhis-heals) in korea, BMJ Open, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016640
Tison, Avram, Kuhar, Abreau, Marcus et al., Worldwide effect of covid-19 on physical activity: A descriptive study, Ann. Intern. Med, doi:10.7326/M20-2665
Tracey, Reflex control of immunity, Nat. Rev. Immunol, doi:10.1038/nri2566
Wong, Lai, Ou, Ho, Chan et al., Is exercise protective against influenza-associated mortality?, PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002108
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 3]], 'date-time': '2022-04-03T23:13:32Z', 'timestamp': 1649027612348}, 'reference-count': 31, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '7', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 6]], 'date-time': '2021-04-06T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1617667200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'short-container-title': ['JCM'], 'abstract': '<jats:p>Regular physical activity (PA) is known to reduce the risk of serious ' 'community-acquired infections. We examined the association of PA with the morbidity and ' 'mortality resulting from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in the South Korean ' 'population. Patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 and who ' 'underwent public health screening between 2014 and 2017 (n = 6288) were included. Age- and ' 'sex-matched controls (n = 125,772) were randomly selected from the Korean National Health ' 'Insurance Service database. Leisure-time PA was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. ' 'The mean PA levels were lower in the patient than in the control group (558.2 ± 516.3 vs. ' '580.2 ± 525.7 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min/week, p = 0.001). Patients with moderate ' 'to vigorous PA (MVPA) were associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 morbidity (odds ratio ' '(OR), 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.95). In addition, a standard deviation (SD) ' 'increment in MET/week (525.3 MET-min/week) was associated with a 4% decrease in the risk of ' 'COVID-19 morbidity (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.99). MVPA and an SD increment in MET/week were ' 'associated with lower mortality (MVPA: OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26–0.87; per SD increment: OR, ' '0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.88). Higher levels of regular PA were associated with a lower risk of ' 'COVID-19 infection and mortality, highlighting the importance of maintaining appropriate ' 'levels of PA along with social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm10071539', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 6]], 'date-time': '2021-04-06T14:34:12Z', 'timestamp': 1617719652000}, 'page': '1539', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 10, 'title': [ 'Physical Activity and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Mortality: A Nationwide ' 'Population-Based Case-Control Study'], 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '10', 'author': [ {'given': 'Dong-Hyuk', 'family': 'Cho', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sun Ju', 'family': 'Lee', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sae Young', 'family': 'Jae', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-3880', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Woo Joo', 'family': 'Kim', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Seong Jun', 'family': 'Ha', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jun Gyo', 'family': 'Gwon', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-2718', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Jimi', 'family': 'Choi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Dong Wook', 'family': 'Kim', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-7082', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Jang Young', 'family': 'Kim', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 6]]}, 'reference': [ {'key': 'ref1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.1097'}, {'key': 'ref2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397'}, {'key': 'ref3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009'}, {'key': 'ref4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1111/obr.13128'}, {'key': 'ref5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.7326/M20-2665'}, {'key': 'ref6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9'}, {'key': 'ref7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bjsm.2010.077875'}, {'key': 'ref8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0002108'}, {'key': 'ref9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.059'}, {'key': 'ref10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.003'}, {'key': 'ref11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.08.21.20179499'}, {'key': 'ref12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.36628/ijhf.2020.0015'}, {'key': 'ref13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322248'}, {'key': 'ref14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2008975'}, {'key': 'ref15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016640'}, {'key': 'ref16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bjsports-2020-101987'}, {'key': 'ref17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/eurheartj/ehz564'}, {'key': 'ref18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.2139/ssrn.3673184'}, {'key': 'ref19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/archinte.160.20.3082'}, {'key': 'ref20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.07.028'}, {'key': 'ref21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.2188/jea.17.194'}, {'key': 'ref22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/14651858.CD010596.pub3'}, {'key': 'ref23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648'}, {'key': 'ref24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1097/00005768-200007001-00005'}, {'key': 'ref25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009'}, { 'key': 'ref26', 'first-page': '316', 'article-title': 'Infectious episodes in runners before and after the los angeles ' 'marathon', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Nieman', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit.'}, {'key': 'ref27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106'}, {'key': 'ref28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1152/ajpregu.00274.2004'}, {'key': 'ref29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/gerona/60.10.1315'}, { 'key': 'ref30', 'first-page': '41', 'article-title': 'Reversing age-associated immunosenescence via exercise', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Kohut', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Exerc. Immunol. Rev.'}, {'key': 'ref31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/nri2566'}], 'container-title': ['Journal of Clinical Medicine'], 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/7/1539/pdf', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 6]], 'date-time': '2021-04-06T14:55:26Z', 'timestamp': 1617720926000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/7/1539'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 6]]}, 'references-count': 31, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '7', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['jcm10071539'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071539', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2077-0383'], 'issn-type': [{'value': '2077-0383', 'type': 'electronic'}], 'subject': ['General Medicine'], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 6]]}}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit