Lifestyle, course of COVID-19, and risk of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 25]], 'date-time': '2022-10-25T05:08:47Z', 'timestamp': 1666674527064}, 'reference-count': 54, 'publisher': 'Frontiers Media SA', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 24]], 'date-time': '2022-10-24T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1666569600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['frontiersin.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 ' 'pandemic remains a great challenge for the healthcare system. The widely reported prolonged ' 'signs and symptoms resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ' '(SARS-CoV-2) infection (Long-COVID) require medical care. The aim of the study was to assess ' 'factors, including lifestyle variables, related to the course of COVID-19 infection and to ' 'assess their impact on prolonged symptoms in non-hospitalized patients with ' 'COVID-19.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A total of ' '1,847 (637 men and 1,210 women) non-hospitalized participants of the STOP-COVID registry of ' 'the PoLoCOV-Study who, following the COVID-19, underwent check-up examinations at the ' 'cardiology outpatient clinic were included in the ' 'analysis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The study ' 'participants (median age 51 [41–62] years) were evaluated at 13.4 (8.4–23.6) weeks following ' 'the diagnosis of COVID-19. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.46 [95% CI 1.19–1.78]), body mass ' 'index (BMI; per 1 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>: 1.02 [1.00–1.04]), hypertension (1.39 ' '[1.07–1.81]), asthma (1.55 [1.06–2.27]), stress or overworking (1.54 [1.25–1.90]), and ' 'nightshift work (1.51 [1.06–2.14]) were independently related to the severity of symptoms ' 'during acute phase of the COVID-19 infection. The Long-COVID syndrome was independently ' 'related to the female sex (1.42 [1.13–1.79]), history of myocardial infarction (2.57 ' '[1.04–6.32]), asthma (1.56 [1.01–2.41]), and severe course of the acute phase of the COVID-19 ' 'infection (2.27 ' '[1.82–2.83]).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Female ' 'sex, BMI, asthma, hypertension, nightshifts, and stress or overworking are significantly ' 'related to the severity of the acute phase of the COVID-19 infection, while female sex, ' 'asthma, history of myocardial infarction, and the severity of symptoms in the acute phase of ' 'COVID-19 are the predictors of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients. We did not find an ' 'independent relation between Long-COVID and the studied lifestyle ' 'factors.</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2022.1036556', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 24]], 'date-time': '2022-10-24T04:52:35Z', 'timestamp': 1666587155000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/crossmark-policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Lifestyle, course of COVID-19, and risk of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients', 'prefix': '10.3389', 'volume': '9', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Magdalena', 'family': 'Pływaczewska-Jakubowska', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Michał', 'family': 'Chudzik', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mateusz', 'family': 'Babicki', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Joanna', 'family': 'Kapusta', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Piotr', 'family': 'Jankowski', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '1965', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 24]]}, 'reference': [ {'key': 'B1', 'unstructured': '2022'}, { 'key': 'B2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'article-title': 'Prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalized and ' 'non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: a systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis', 'author': 'Fernández-de-Las-Peñas', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Intern Med', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.009'}, { 'key': 'B3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '00542', 'DOI': '10.1183/23120541.00542-2020', 'article-title': 'Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the ' 'post-COVID-19 syndrome?', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Goërtz', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'ERJ Open Res.'}, {'key': 'B4', 'unstructured': ''}, { 'key': 'B5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '258', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.052', 'article-title': 'Follow-up of adults with noncritical COVID-19 two months after symptom ' 'onset', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Carvalho-Schneider', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Clin Microbiol Infect.'}, { 'key': 'B6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e4', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029', 'article-title': 'Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life ' 'after hospitalization for COVID-19', 'volume': '81', 'author': 'Garrigues', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Infect.'}, { 'key': 'B7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1915', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.6130', 'article-title': 'Association of public health interventions with the epidemiology of the ' 'COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Pan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA.'}, { 'key': 'B8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '607059', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2021.607059', 'article-title': 'Sex differences on clinical characteristics, severity, and mortality in ' 'adult patients with COVID-19: a multicentre retrospective study', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Sha', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front. 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