Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchExerciseExercise (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Health behaviours the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of self-reported long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms: A longitudinal analysis of 1,811 UK adults

Paul et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792
Apr 2022  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Long COVID 38% Improvement Relative Risk Long COVID (b) 4% Exercise  Paul et al.  Prophylaxis  LONG COVID Does physical activity reduce the risk of long COVID (PASC)? Retrospective 1,811 patients in the United Kingdom Lower PASC with higher activity levels (not stat. sig., p=0.16) c19early.org Paul et al., medRxiv, April 2022 Favorsexercise Favorsinactivity 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Exercise for COVID-19
9th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 68 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 1,811 COVID-19 patients in the UK, showing lower risk of self-reported long COVID with 3+ hours of exercise per week in the month before infection, without statistical significance (p=0.16).
Study covers exercise and sleep.
risk of long COVID, 38.1% lower, RR 0.62, p = 0.16, adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, 3+ hours per week vs. none, multivariable, model 4, control prevalance approximated with overall prevalence.
risk of long COVID, 4.1% lower, RR 0.96, p = 0.89, adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, ≤2 hours per week vs. none, multivariable, model 4, control prevalance approximated with overall prevalence.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Paul et al., 13 Apr 2022, retrospective, United Kingdom, preprint, survey, 2 authors. Contact: e.paul@ucl.ac.uk.
This PaperExerciseAll
Health behaviours the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of self-reported long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms: A longitudinal analysis of 1,811 UK adults
PhD Elise Paul, PhD Daisy Fancourt
doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792
Background Demographic and infection-related characteristics have been identified as risk factors for long COVID, but research on the influence of health behaviours (e.g., exercise, smoking) immediately preceding the index infection is lacking. Methods 1,811 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study and who had previously been infected with COVID-19 were analysed. Health behaviours in the month before infection were weekly exercise frequency, days of fresh air per week, sleep quality, smoking, consuming more than the number of recommended alcoholic drinks per week (>14), and the number of mental health care behaviours (e.g., online mental health programme). Logistic regressions controlling for covariates (e.g., COVID-19 infection severity and pre-existing health conditions) examined the impact of health behaviours on long COVID and three long COVID symptoms (difficulty with mobility, cognition, and self-care). Results In the month before infection with COVID-19, poor quality sleep increased the odds of long COVID (odds ratio [OR]: 3.53; (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01 to 6.21), as did average quality sleep (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.44 to 4.12). Having smoked (OR: 8.39; 95% CI: 1.86 to 37.91) increased and meeting recommended weekly physical activity guidelines (3+ hours) (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.39) reduced the likelihood of difficulty with self-care (e.g., washing all over or dressing) amongst those with long COVID. Conclusion Results point to the importance of sleep quality for long COVID, potentially helping to explain previously demonstrated links between stress and long COVID. Results also suggest that exercise and smoking may be modifiable risk factors for preventing the development of difficulty with self-care.
Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval for the COVID-19 Social Study was granted by the UCL Ethics Committee. All participants provided fully informed consent and the study is GDPR compliant.
References
Alkodaymi, Omrani, Fawzy, Shaar, Almamlouk et al., Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Microbiol Infect
Chastin, Abaraogu, Bourgois, Dall, Darnborough et al., Effects of regular physical activity on the immune system, vaccination and risk of community-acquired infectious disease in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis, Sports Med
Clinic, None
Clinic, Shortness of Breath
Crook, Raza, Nowell, Young, Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management, BMJ
Davis, Assaf, Mccorkell, Wei, Low et al., Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact, EClinicalMedicine
Elliott, Bodinier, Whitaker, Delpierre, Vermeulen et al., COVID-19 mortality in the UK Biobank cohort: revisiting and evaluating risk factors, Eur J Epidemiol
Fernández-De-Las-Peñas, Guerrero, Cancela-Cilleruelo, Moro-López-Menchero, Rodríguez-Jiménez et al., Trajectory curves of post-COVID anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP-CM multicenter study, Psychol Med
Furman, Campisi, Verdin, Carrera-Bastos, Targ et al., Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span, Nat Med
Gov, Uk, None
Gov, Uk, None
Hainmueller, Xu, Ebalance: A Stata package for entropy balancing, J Stat Softw
Hu, Willett, Li, Stampfer, Colditz et al., Adiposity as Compared with Physical Activity in Predicting Mortality among Women, N Engl J Med
Irwin, Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective, Annu Rev Psychol
Jahrami, Bahammam, Bragazzi, Saif, Faris et al., Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Clin Sleep Med
Jiang, Chen, Xie, Smoking increases the risk of infectious diseases: A narrative review, Tob Induc Dis
Jimeno-Almazán, Pallarés, Buendía-Romero, Martínez-Cava, Franco-López et al., Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise, Int J Environ Res Public Health
Lancet, Understanding long COVID: a modern medical challenge, The Lancet
Larsson, Kaluza, Wolk, Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on lifespan: two prospective cohorts, J Intern Med
Mandal, Barnett, Brill, Brown, Denneny et al., Long-COVID': a crosssectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19, Thorax
Matthews, Gallo, Psychological perspectives on pathways linking socioeconomic status and physical health, Annu Rev Psychol
Michelen, Manoharan, Elkheir, Cheng, Dagens et al., Characterising long COVID: a living systematic review, BMJ Glob Health
Mônico-Neto, Srvt, Moreira, The world war against the COVID-19 outbreak: don't forget to sleep!, J Clin Sleep Med
Nalbandian, Sehgal, Gupta, Madhavan, Mcgroder et al., Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, Nat Med
Paul, Fancourt, Does pre-infection stress increase the risk of long COVID? Longitudinal associations between adversity worries and experiences in the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms, medRxiv
Rebello, Axelrod, Reynolds, Greenway, Kirwan, Exercise as a Moderator of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms of COVID-19, Exerc Sport Sci Rev
Sallis, Young, Tartof, Sallis, Sall et al., Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients, Br J Sports Med
Sattar, Mcinnes, Mcmurray, Obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple potential mechanisms, Circulation
Statacorp, Stata Statistical Software: Release 16
Sudre, Murray, Varsavsky, Graham, Penfold et al., Attributes and predictors of long COVID, Nat Med
Thompson, Williams, Walker, Mitchell, Niedzwiedz et al., Risk factors for long COVID: analyses of 10 longitudinal studies and electronic health records in the UK
Thye, Law, Tan, Pusparajah, Ser et al., Psychological Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Insights into Pathophysiology and Risk Factors of Long COVID-19, Biology
Townsend, Dowds, 'brien, Sheill, Dyer et al., Persistent poor health after COVID-19 is not associated with respiratory complications or initial disease severity, Ann Am Thorac Soc
Vimercati, Maria, Quarato, Caputi, Gesualdo et al., Association between Long COVID and Overweight/Obesity, J Clin Med
Whitaker, Elliott, Chadeau-Hyam, Riley, Darzi et al., Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a random community sample of
Wright, Steptoe, Fancourt, Are adversities and worries during the COVID-19 pandemic related to sleep quality? Longitudinal analyses of 46,000 UK adults, PLOS ONE
{ 'institution': [{'name': 'medRxiv'}], 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 15]], 'date-time': '2022-04-15T15:14:47Z', 'timestamp': 1650035687625}, 'posted': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 13]]}, 'group-title': 'Epidemiology', 'reference-count': 43, 'publisher': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'accepted': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 13]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Demographic ' 'and infection-related characteristics have been identified as risk factors for long COVID, ' 'but research on the influence of health behaviours (e.g., exercise, smoking) immediately ' 'preceding the index infection is ' 'lacking.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>1,811 UK adults ' 'from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study and who had previously been infected with COVID-19 were ' 'analysed. Health behaviours in the month before infection were weekly exercise frequency, ' 'days of fresh air per week, sleep quality, smoking, consuming more than the number of ' 'recommended alcoholic drinks per week (&gt;14), and the number of mental health care ' 'behaviours (e.g., online mental health programme). Logistic regressions controlling for ' 'covariates (e.g., COVID-19 infection severity and pre-existing health conditions) examined ' 'the impact of health behaviours on long COVID and three long COVID symptoms (difficulty with ' 'mobility, cognition, and ' 'self-care).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>In the month ' 'before infection with COVID-19, poor quality sleep increased the odds of long COVID (odds ' 'ratio [OR]: 3.53; (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01 to 6.21), as did average quality sleep ' '(OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.44 to 4.12). Having smoked (OR: 8.39; 95% CI: 1.86 to 37.91) increased ' 'and meeting recommended weekly physical activity guidelines (3+ hours) (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: ' '0.01 to 0.39) reduced the likelihood of difficulty with self-care (e.g., washing all over or ' 'dressing) amongst those with long ' 'COVID.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Results point ' 'to the importance of sleep quality for long COVID, potentially helping to explain previously ' 'demonstrated links between stress and long COVID. Results also suggest that exercise and ' 'smoking may be modifiable risk factors for preventing the development of difficulty with ' 'self-care.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Funding</jats:title><jats:p>The Nuffield ' 'Foundation [WEL/FR-000022583], the MARCH Mental Health Network funded by the ' 'Cross-Disciplinary Mental Health Network Plus initiative supported by UK Research and ' 'Innovation [ES/S002588/1], and the Wellcome Trust [221400/Z/20/Z and ' '205407/Z/16/Z].</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What is already known on the ' 'topic</jats:title><jats:p>Long COVID is rapidly becoming a public health concern. Although ' 'existing evidence to date has identified health characteristics such as obesity as risk ' 'factors, hardly any research on modifiable risk factors such as health behaviours has been ' 'conducted.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this study ' 'adds</jats:title><jats:p>This study adds to the dearth of evidence on modifiable risk factors ' 'occurring before COVID-19 infection. Findings suggest a role of poor sleep quality for the ' 'development of long COVID, and for meeting physical activity guidelines (3+ hours per week) ' 'and not smoking as modifiable risk factors for self-care difficulties amongst those with long ' 'COVID.</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792', 'type': 'posted-content', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 13]], 'date-time': '2022-04-13T21:55:24Z', 'timestamp': 1649886924000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Health behaviours the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of self-reported ' 'long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms: A longitudinal analysis of 1,811 UK adults', 'prefix': '10.1101', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-3740', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Elise', 'family': 'Paul', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-334X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Daisy', 'family': 'Fancourt', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '246', 'reference': [ { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.1', 'unstructured': 'National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Living with Covid19 – ' 'Second review [Internet]. 2021. Available from: ' 'https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/themedreview/living-with-covid19-second-review/'}, { 'issue': '10302', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '725', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01900-0', 'article-title': 'Understanding long COVID: a modern medical challenge', 'volume': '398', 'author': 'Lancet T', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'The Lancet'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.3', 'unstructured': 'Office for National Statistics. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following ' 'coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK - 7 April 2022 [Internet]. ' '2022 [cited 2022 Apr 11]. Available from: ' 'https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/7april2022'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Whitaker M , Elliott J , Chadeau-Hyam M , Riley S , Darzi A , Cooke G , ' 'et al. Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a random ' 'community sample of 508,707 people. MedRxiv. 2021;', 'DOI': '10.1101/2021.06.28.21259452'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005427'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4', 'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047659', 'article-title': 'Obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple ' 'potential mechanisms', 'volume': '142', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Circulation'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Thompson EJ , Williams DM , Walker AJ , Mitchell RE , Niedzwiedz CL , ' 'Yang TC , et al. Risk factors for long COVID: analyses of 10 ' 'longitudinal studies and electronic health records in the UK. MedRxiv. ' '2021;', 'DOI': '10.1101/2021.06.24.21259277'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '61', 'DOI': '10.3390/biology11010061', 'article-title': 'Psychological Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Insights into ' 'Pathophysiology and Risk Factors of Long COVID-19', 'volume': '11', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Biology'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Jiang C , Chen Q , Xie M. Smoking increases the risk of infectious ' 'diseases: A narrative review. Tob Induc Dis. 2020;18.', 'DOI': '10.18332/tid/123845'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40279-021-01466-1'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1215', 'DOI': '10.5664/jcsm.8502', 'article-title': 'The world war against the COVID-19 outbreak: don’t forget to sleep!', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Sleep Med'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.16', 'unstructured': 'Public Health England. Health Profile for England 2021 [Internet]. 2022 ' '[cited 2022 Mar 29]. Available from: ' 'https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/static-reports/health-profile-for-england/hpfe_report.html#summary-1---covid-19-cases'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '299', 'DOI': '10.5664/jcsm.8930', 'article-title': 'Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '17', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Sleep Med'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.18', 'unstructured': 'Office for National Statistics. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following ' 'coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK: 6 January 2022 [Internet]. ' '2022 [cited 2022 Jan 14]. Available from: ' 'https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/6january2022'}, { 'issue': '18', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4143', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm10184143', 'article-title': 'Association between Long COVID and Overweight/Obesity', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Med'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.20', 'unstructured': 'UK Government. Physical activity guidelines: adults and older adults ' '[Internet]. GOV.UK. 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 3]. Available from: ' 'https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/physical-activity-guidelines-adults-and-older-adults'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.21', 'unstructured': 'National Health Service. Alcohol units. 2018.'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa042135'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.23', 'unstructured': 'UK Government. Variants: distribution of case data, 26 November 2021 ' '[Internet]. GOV.UK. 2022 [cited 2022 Jan 14]. Available from: ' 'https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-case-data-26-november-2021'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.24', 'unstructured': 'Office for National Statistics. Population estimates for the UK, England ' 'and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland [Internet]. 2020 May [cited ' '2020 Sep 30]. Available from: ' 'https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2018'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Hainmueller J , Xu Y. Ebalance: A Stata package for entropy balancing. J ' 'Stat Softw. 2013;54(7).', 'DOI': '10.18637/jss.v054.i07'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.26', 'unstructured': 'StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. College Station, TX: ' 'StataCorp LP; 2019.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '209', 'DOI': '10.1111/joim.12637', 'article-title': 'Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on lifespan: two ' 'prospective cohorts', 'volume': '282', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'J Intern Med'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Crook H , Raza S , Nowell J , Young M , Edison P. Long covid—mechanisms, ' 'risk factors, and management. BMJ. 2021;374.', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.n1648'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '997', 'DOI': '10.1513/AnnalsATS.202009-1175OC', 'article-title': 'Persistent poor health after COVID-19 is not associated with ' 'respiratory complications or initial disease severity', 'volume': '18', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ann Am Thorac Soc'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215818'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Alkodaymi MS , Omrani OA , Fawzy NA , Abou Shaar B , Almamlouk R , Riaz ' 'M , et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at ' 'different follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin ' 'Microbiol Infect. 2022;', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.014'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Fernández-de-las-Peñas C , Martín-Guerrero JD , Cancela-Cilleruelo I , ' 'Moro-López-Menchero P , Rodríguez-Jiménez J , Pellicer-Valero OJ . ' 'Trajectory curves of post-COVID anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep ' 'quality in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the ' 'LONG-COVID-EXP-CM multicenter study. Psychol Med. 2022 Jan 10;1–2.', 'DOI': '10.1017/S003329172200006X'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Paul E , Fancourt D. Does pre-infection stress increase the risk of long ' 'COVID? Longitudinal associations between adversity worries and ' 'experiences in the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development ' 'of long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms. medRxiv. 2022;', 'DOI': '10.1101/2022.04.06.22273444'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e0248919', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0248919', 'article-title': 'Are adversities and worries during the COVID-19 pandemic related to ' 'sleep quality? Longitudinal analyses of 46,000 UK adults', 'volume': '16', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'PLOS ONE'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1146/annurev.psych.031809.130711'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '65', 'DOI': '10.1249/JES.0000000000000284', 'article-title': 'Exercise as a Moderator of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms of ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '50', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Exerc Sport Sci Rev'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '101019', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019', 'article-title': 'Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of ' 'symptoms and their impact', 'volume': '38', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'EClinicalMedicine'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph18105329'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '299', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10654-021-00722-y', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 mortality in the UK Biobank cohort: revisiting and evaluating ' 'risk factors', 'volume': '36', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Epidemiol'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.41', 'unstructured': 'Mayo Clinic. gShortness of Breath [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. 2020 [cited ' '2022 Mar 24]. Available from: ' 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/shortness-of-breath/basics/definition/sym-20050890'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.42', 'unstructured': 'National Health Service. Your COVID Recovery-Managing the Effects ' '[Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Mar 29]. Available from: ' 'https://www.yourcovidrecovery.nhs.uk/managing-the-effects/yourcovidrecovery.nhs.uk'}, { 'key': '2022041507500610000_2022.04.12.22273792v1.43', 'unstructured': 'Office for National Statistics. Coronavirus (COVID-19) latest insights - ' 'Office for National Statistics- 1 April 2022 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr ' '4]. Available from: ' 'https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19/latestinsights#infections'}], 'container-title': [], 'original-title': [], 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 15]], 'date-time': '2022-04-15T14:50:27Z', 'timestamp': 1650034227000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 13]]}, 'references-count': 43, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792', 'relation': {}, 'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 13]]}, 'subtype': 'preprint'}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit