Abstract
..
Main
..
RCT vs. Obs.
..
Feedback
Home
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchAspirinAspirin (more..)
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta
Thermotherapy Meta
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Home Adoption Other Treatments
@CovidAnalysis
Loading...
 
Analgesics⏵
Antiandrogens⏵
Antihistamines⏵
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle⏵
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals⏵
Monoclonals⏵
Mpro inhibitors⏵
Naso/orophar..⏵
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Quercetin
RdRp inhibitors⏵
TMPRSS2 inh.⏵
Thermotherapy
Vitamins⏵
More⏵
 

Supplementary Data — Aspirin for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 79 studies

@CovidAnalysis, May 2025, Version 70V70
PDF
All
Studies
All
Treatments
Feedback
https://c19early.org/emeta.html
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ACTIV-4B Connors (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-7.96] hosp. 0/144 1/136 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control ACTIV-4B Connors (DB RCT) 19% 0.81 [0.28-2.35] progression 6/144 7/136 ACTIV-4B Connors (DB RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.06-15.0] progression 1/144 1/136 Alamdari -28% 1.28 [0.67-2.43] death 9/53 54/406 Husain 80% 0.20 [0.01-3.55] death 0/11 3/31 Husain 65% 0.35 [0.05-2.51] no recov. 1/11 8/31 Husain 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.64] progression 0/11 17/31 Goshua (PSM) 35% 0.65 [0.42-0.98] death 319 (n) 319 (n) Goshua (PSM) -49% 1.49 [1.03-2.18] ventilation 319 (n) 319 (n) Goshua (PSM) -45% 1.45 [1.06-1.98] ICU 319 (n) 319 (n) Meizlish (PSM) 48% 0.52 [0.34-0.81] death 319 (n) 319 (n) Liu (PSM) 75% 0.25 [0.07-0.87] death 2/28 11/204 Liu (PSM) 81% 0.19 [0.05-0.78] death 1/28 9/204 Liu (PSM) -2% 1.02 [0.64-1.61] viral time 24 (n) 24 (n) Mura (PSM) 15% 0.85 [0.69-1.01] death 527 (n) 527 (n) Mura (PSM) 37% 0.63 [0.47-0.83] death 305 (n) 305 (n) Chow 47% 0.53 [0.31-0.90] death 26/98 73/314 Chow 44% 0.56 [0.37-0.85] ventilation 35/98 152/314 Chow 43% 0.57 [0.38-0.85] ICU 38/98 160/314 Haji Aghajani 25% 0.75 [0.57-0.99] death 336 (n) 655 (n) Elhadi (ICU) 10% 0.90 [0.67-1.21] death 22/40 259/425 ICU patients Sahai (PSM) 13% 0.87 [0.56-1.34] death 33/248 38/248 Pourhoseingholi -32% 1.32 [1.02-1.71] death 71/290 268/2,178 Vahedian-Azimi 22% 0.78 [0.33-1.74] death 13/337 28/250 Vahedian-Azimi -10% 1.10 [0.68-1.68] ICU 36/337 44/250 Abdelwahab -8% 1.08 [0.15-3.82] ventilation 11/31 6/36 Karruli (ICU) 46% 0.54 [0.09-3.13] death 1/5 22/27 ICU patients Al Harthi (ICU) 27% 0.73 [0.56-0.97] death 98/176 107/173 ICU patients Al Harthi (ICU) 14% 0.86 [0.65-1.14] death 95/176 97/175 ICU patients Al Harthi (ICU) 5% 0.95 [0.80-1.12] ICU 176 (n) 175 (n) ICU patients Kim (PSM) 34% 0.66 [0.36-1.23] death 14/124 23/135 Kim (PSM) -102% 2.02 [0.83-4.90] ventilation 13/124 7/135 Kim (PSM) -91% 1.91 [0.57-6.35] ICU 7/124 4/135 Zhao 43% 0.57 [0.41-0.78] death 121/473 140/473 Zhao 28% 0.72 [0.54-0.96] death 473 (n) 1,597 (n) RECOVERY RECOVERY Co.. (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.89-1.04] death 7,351 (n) 7,541 (n) RECOVERY RECOVERY Co.. (RCT) 17% 0.83 [0.66-1.04] death 7,351 (n) 7,541 (n) RECOVERY RECOVERY Co.. (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.87-1.05] ventilation 7,351 (n) 7,541 (n) RECOVERY RECOVERY Co.. (RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.91-0.98] no disch. 7,351 (n) 7,541 (n) RECOVERY RECOVERY Co.. (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.71-0.99] no disch. 7,351 (n) 7,541 (n) Mustafa 44% 0.56 [0.21-1.51] death 4/66 41/378 REMAP-CAP Bradbury (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.70-1.00] death 165/563 170/521 REMAP-CAP Bradbury (RCT) 17% 0.83 [0.67-1.02] no disch. 161/563 167/521 REMAP-CAP Bradbury (RCT) 21% 0.79 [0.65-0.96] progression 204/563 212/521 REMAP-CAP Bradbury (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.77-1.18] progression 563 (n) 521 (n) Chow (PSW) 13% 0.87 [0.81-0.93] death population-based cohort Santoro (PSM) 38% 0.62 [0.42-0.92] death 360 (n) 2,949 (n) RESIST Ghati (RCT) 22% 0.78 [0.31-1.98] death 11/442 7/219 RESIST Ghati (RCT) 58% 0.42 [0.11-1.62] death 3/221 7/219 RESIST Ghati (RCT) 9% 0.91 [0.34-2.42] ventilation 11/442 6/219 RESIST Ghati (RCT) 50% 0.50 [0.13-1.96] ventilation 3/221 6/219 RESIST Ghati (RCT) 30% 0.70 [0.27-1.81] progression 11/442 7/219 RESIST Ghati (RCT) 60% 0.40 [0.10-1.54] progression 3/221 7/219 Karimpour-Razke.. -123% 2.23 [1.26-3.38] death 39/90 64/363 ACT inpatient Eikelboom (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.86-1.28] death 193/1,063 186/1,056 CT​1​ ACT inpatient Eikelboom (RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.78-1.09] progression 281/1,063 300/1,056 CT​1​ ACT inpatient Eikelboom (RCT) 11% 0.89 [0.73-1.09] progression 191/1,063 210/1,056 CT​1​ ACT outpatient Eikelboom (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.48-2.46] death 12/1,945 11/1,936 ACT outpatient Eikelboom (RCT) 20% 0.80 [0.57-1.13] progression 59/1,945 73/1,936 ACT outpatient Eikelboom (RCT) 17% 0.83 [0.58-1.19] hosp. 56/1,945 67/1,936 Ali (ICU) 40% 0.60 [0.51-0.72] death 152/660 202/530 ICU patients Ali (ICU) 37% 0.63 [0.47-0.83] ARDS 74/660 95/530 ICU patients Aidouni (ICU) 31% 0.69 [0.54-0.88] death 202/712 165/412 ICU patients Aidouni (ICU) 10% 0.90 [0.74-1.10] ventilation 189/712 121/412 ICU patients Singla (RCT) 57% 0.43 [0.04-3.27] death 3/49 5/49 CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.11-6.31] death 49 (n) 49 (n) CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 20% 0.80 [0.23-2.80] ventilation 4/49 5/49 CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.24-2.10] ICU 5/49 7/49 CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.20-2.22] progression 4/49 6/49 CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 76% 0.24 [0.02-2.10] progression 4/49 7/49 CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 44% 0.56 [0.20-1.54] progression 5/49 9/49 CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 86% 0.14 [0.01-2.69] progression 0/49 3/49 CT​1​ Singla (RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.35-1.62] progression 9/49 12/49 CT​1​ Shamsi 96% 0.04 [0.00-7.20] death 0/13 24/170 Mehrizi 16% 0.84 [0.82-0.86] death population-based cohort Lewandowski -70% 1.70 [1.08-2.70] death 430 (all patients) Vinod 14% 0.86 [0.48-1.52] death 128 (n) 248 (n) Vinod 30% 0.70 [0.38-1.27] ventilation 128 (n) 248 (n) Vinod 40% 0.60 [0.36-1.00] progression 128 (n) 248 (n) Vinod -6% 1.06 [0.53-2.13] misc. 128 (n) 248 (n) Vinod 18% 0.82 [0.24-2.78] progression 128 (n) 248 (n) Azimi Pirsaraei -97% 1.97 [1.28-3.04] death 28/184 50/647 Dinoi -55% 1.55 [1.05-2.30] death case control Holt -34% 1.34 [0.98-1.84] death/ICU 35/116 129/573 Wang 58% 0.42 [0.01-1.98] death 1/9 13/49 Lodigiani -21% 1.21 [0.73-2.01] ICU 17/94 44/294 Yuan 4% 0.96 [0.47-1.72] death 11/52 29/131 Ramos-Rincón -29% 1.29 [1.05-1.51] death 132/264 253/526 Osborne (PSM) 59% 0.41 [0.35-0.48] death 272/6,300 661/6,300 Osborne (PSM) 60% 0.40 [0.33-0.48] death 170/6,814 427/6,814 Merzon 28% 0.72 [0.53-0.99] cases 73/1,621 589/8,856 Merzon 62% 0.38 [0.02-4.94] death 1/21 6/91 Merzon 10% 0.90 [0.82-1.00] viral time 73 (n) 589 (n) Merzon 15% 0.85 [0.76-0.95] viral time 73 (n) 589 (n) Bejan 1% 0.99 [0.61-1.63] ventilation 1,899 (n) 7,330 (n) Mulhem -14% 1.14 [0.93-1.40] death 300/1,354 216/1,865 Reese (PSM) -61% 1.61 [1.31-1.99] death 4,921 (n) 4,921 (n) Reese (PSM) -309% 4.09 [3.72-4.50] severe case 4,921 (n) 4,921 (n) Drew 22% 0.78 [0.49-1.24] progression n/a n/a Drew -3% 1.03 [0.83-1.28] cases n/a n/a Pan -13% 1.13 [0.70-1.82] death 239 (n) 523 (n) Pan -2% 1.02 [0.66-1.57] death/int. 239 (n) 523 (n) Oh 1% 0.99 [0.65-1.50] death n/a n/a Oh 12% 0.88 [0.79-0.99] cases n/a n/a Son (PSM) 11% 0.89 [0.53-1.47] death case control Son (PSM) 24% 0.76 [0.34-1.71] death case control Son (PSM) -7% 1.07 [0.65-1.75] progression case control Son (PSM) 9% 0.91 [0.64-1.29] progression case control Son (PSM) -11% 1.11 [0.94-1.30] cases case control Son (PSM) -1% 1.01 [0.88-1.16] cases case control Ma (PSM) 9% 0.91 [0.82-1.02] death Ma (PSM) 2% 0.98 [0.92-1.04] hosp. Ma (PSM) -9% 1.09 [0.96-1.25] symp. case Ma (PSM) -7% 1.07 [0.99-1.16] cases Chow (PSM) 19% 0.81 [0.76-0.87] death 1,280/6,781 2,271/10,566 Chow (PSM) 3% 0.97 [0.93-1.02] ventilation 2,122/6,781 3,403/10,566 Kim (PSM) -700% 8.00 [1.07-59.6] death 6/15 1/20 Kim (PSM) -433% 5.33 [0.66-43.0] ventilation 4/15 1/20 Kim (PSM) -433% 5.33 [0.66-43.0] ICU 4/15 1/20 Kim (PSM) 33% 0.67 [0.30-1.36] cases 15/136 20/136 Kim (PSM) 34% 0.66 [0.36-1.23] death 14/124 23/135 Kim (PSM) -102% 2.02 [0.83-4.90] ventilation 13/124 7/135 Kim (PSM) -91% 1.91 [0.57-6.35] ICU 7/124 4/135 Basheer -13% 1.13 [1.05-1.21] death 45/140 29/250 Sisinni -7% 1.07 [0.89-1.29] death 93/253 251/731 Sisinni 30% 0.70 [0.53-0.92] death/int. 253 (n) 731 (n) Pérez-Segura -49% 1.49 [1.20-1.80] death 66/155 183/608 Formiga (PSM) -3% 1.03 [0.94-1.13] death 1,000/3,291 874/2,885 Formiga (PSM) -3% 1.03 [0.85-1.25] ventilation 213/3,291 181/2,885 Formiga (PSM) -4% 1.04 [0.88-1.23] ICU 283/3,291 238/2,885 Sullerot (PSW) -10% 1.10 [0.81-1.49] death 101/301 224/746 Sullerot (PSW) -110% 2.10 [1.21-3.64] ICU 22/301 26/746 Sullerot (PSW) -10% 1.10 [1.01-1.20] hosp. time 301 (n) 746 (n) Monserrat .. (PSM) -31% 1.31 [1.01-1.71] death n/a n/a Levy 26% 0.74 [0.49-1.10] death/hosp. 29/159 178/690 Nimer 4% 0.96 [0.69-1.33] hosp. 83/427 136/1,721 Nimer -18% 1.18 [0.87-1.56] severe case 98/427 162/1,721 Gogtay -6% 1.06 [0.51-1.89] death 12/38 21/87 Gogtay 50% 0.50 [0.18-1.22] ventilation 5/38 21/87 Gogtay 49% 0.51 [0.06-1.46] ICU 9/38 38/87 Campbell (PSW) 3% 0.97 [0.95-1.00] death 419 (n) 20,311 (n) Campbell (PSW) 2% 0.98 [0.95-1.00] death 419 (n) 20,311 (n) Lal 11% 0.89 [0.82-0.97] death 4,691 (n) 16,888 (n) Lal 22% 0.78 [0.73-0.84] ICU 4,691 (n) 16,888 (n) Lal 9% 0.91 [0.84-0.99] progression 4,691 (n) 16,888 (n) Botton -4% 1.04 [0.98-1.10] death/int. population-based cohort Botton -3% 1.03 [1.00-1.06] hosp. population-based cohort Malik 14% 0.86 [0.39-1.80] death 15/87 24/223 Malik 28% 0.72 [0.44-1.11] ICU 28/87 77/223 Malik 25% 0.75 [0.38-1.39] ARDS 13/87 40/223 Malik 2% 0.98 [0.53-1.78] hosp. 25 (n) 176 (n) Abul 33% 0.67 [0.47-0.95] death 46/511 201/1,176 Abul 40% 0.60 [0.40-0.90] death 33/511 154/1,176 Abul 20% 0.80 [0.60-1.07] hosp. 103/511 352/1,176 Loucera 18% 0.82 [0.74-0.92] death 2,127 (n) 13,841 (n) Morrison (PSM) 8% 0.92 [0.73-1.18] death 1,667 (n) 1,667 (n) Morrison (PSM) -1% 1.01 [0.71-1.43] ventilation 1,667 (n) 1,667 (n) Morrison (PSM) -12% 1.12 [0.88-1.43] ICU 1,667 (n) 1,667 (n) Morrison (PSM) -18% 1.18 [1.00-1.39] hosp. 1,667 (n) 1,667 (n) Ali 28% 0.72 [0.51-1.03] death 481 (n) 1,164 (n) Zadeh 37% 0.63 [0.30-1.29] death n/a n/a Zadeh -1% 1.01 [0.89-1.15] ICU n/a n/a Azizi 0% 1.00 [0.53-1.87] death 17/131 17/131 Aweimer -10% 1.10 [0.90-1.34] death 34/44 74/105 Intubated patients Tse (PSM) 67% 0.33 [0.18-0.59] death/int. 2,664 (all patients) Prieto-Campo -13% 1.13 [0.86-1.48] death case control Prieto-Campo 3% 0.97 [0.86-1.09] hosp. case control Prieto-Campo 0% 1.00 [0.87-1.15] progression case control Prieto-Campo 8% 0.92 [0.86-0.98] cases case control Ware (PSM) 46% 0.54 [0.53-0.56] death population-based cohort Sakamaki -37% 1.37 [1.31-1.44] severe case population-based cohort Miele -32% 1.32 [1.04-1.68] death n/a n/a Kurnik (ICU) -11% 1.11 [0.92-1.34] death 33/40 67/90 ICU patients Aspirin COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org May 2025 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors aspirin Favors control
Figure S1. All outcomes.
Loading..
Figure S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit    
Post
Share
@CovidAnalysis
FAQ
Public domain CC0 1.0