Association of Early Aspirin Use With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Moderate COVID-19
MD Jonathan H Chow, PhD Ali Rahnavard, MD, MSc Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, MS Ranojoy Chatterjee, MS Pranay Patodi, MD David P Yamane, MD Andrea R Levine, MD Danielle Davison, MD Katrina Hawkins, MD Amanda M Jackson, MD Megan T Quintana, MD Allison S Lankford, MD Ryan J Keneally, MD Mustafa Al-Mashat, MD Daniel Fisher, MD Jeffrey Williams, MD, MBA Jeffrey S Berger, MD, MPH Michael A Mazzeffi, PhD Keith A Crandall, Ivy Benjenk, Benjamin Amor, Christopher Austin, Tellen Bennett, Mark Bissell, Samuel Bozzette, Katie Bradwell, Carolyn Bramante, Yooree Chae, Christopher Chute, Marshall Clark, Conor Cook, Mariam Deacy, Alexandra Dest, Racquel Dietz, Thomas Dillon, David Eichmann, Patricia Francis, Rafel Fuentes, Davera Gabriel, Nicole Garbarini, Kenneth Gersing, Andrew Girvin, Alexis Graves, Justin Guinney, Melissa Haendel, Jeremy Harper, Wenndy Hernandez, Stephanie Hong, Warren Kibbe, Farrukh Koraishy, Kristin Kostka, Michael Kurilla, Adam Lee, Harold Lehmann, Hongfang Liu, Amin Manna, Federico Mariona, Julie Mcmurry, Sam Michael, Robert Miller, Richard Moffitt, Michele Morris, Andrew Neumann, Shawn O'neil, Matvey Palchuk, Philip Payne, Emily Pfaff, Nabeel Qureshi, Peter Robinson, Joni Rutter, Joel Saltz, Mary Saltz, Amit Saha, Usman Sheikh, Heidi Spratt, Justin Starren, Christine Suver, Meredity Temple-O'connor, Satyanarayana Vedula, Andrea Volz, Anita Walden, Kellie Walters, Adam Wilcox, Andew Williams, Chunlei Wu, Elizabeth Zampino, Ziaohan Zhang, Richard Zhu
JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3890
IMPORTANCE Prior observational studies suggest that aspirin use may be associated with reduced mortality in high-risk hospitalized patients with COVID-19, but aspirin's efficacy in patients with moderate COVID-19 is not well studied. OBJECTIVE To assess whether early aspirin use is associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality in patients with moderate COVID-19.
Author Contributions: Drs Chow and Crandall had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Mazzeffi and Crandall, as co-senior authors, contributed equally to the manuscript.
Concept and design
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Chow reported serving on the speaker's bureau for La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company outside the submitted work. Dr Gomberg-Maitland reported receiving honoraria from Medscape and serving as a consultant and member of the steering committees for Acceleron/Merck, Bayer, Janssen, and United Therapeutics outside the submitted work. Dr Mazzeffi reported receiving consulting fees from Hemosonics outside the submitted work. Dr Crandall reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported. Funding/Support: The analyses described in this publication were conducted with data or tools accessed through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) N3C Data Enclave and supported by grant U24 TR002306 from the NCATS. This study was also partially supported by grants NSF DEB-2028280 and DEB-2109688 from the National Science Foundation (Drs Rahnavard and Crandall) and 03UL1TR001876-05S1 from the NIH/NCATS (Dr Crandall), as well as an award from the George Washington University Office of the Vice President for Research (Dr..
References
Austin, Stuart, Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies, Stat Med,
doi:10.1002/sim.6607Bowman, Mafham, Wallendszus, ASCEND Study Collaborative Group. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus, N Engl J Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1804988Chow, Khanna, Kethireddy, Aspirin use is associated with decreased mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019, Anesth Analg,
doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005292Chow, Yin, Yamane, Association of prehospital antiplatelet therapy with survival in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a propensity score-matched analysis, J Thromb Haemost,
doi:10.1111/jth.15517Faraone, Interpreting estimates of treatment effects: implications for managed care, P T
Gaziano, Brotons, Coppolecchia, Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease (ARRIVE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet,
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31924-XGuan, Ni, Hu, China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032Haendel, Chute, Bennett, N3C Consortium. The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C): rationale, design, infrastructure, and deployment, J Am Med Inform Assoc,
doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa196Hernan, Robins, Causal Inference: What If
Hernán, Robins, Using big data to emulate a target trial when a randomized trial is not available, Am J Epidemiol,
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv254Hernán, Sauer, Hernández-Díaz, Platt, Shrier, Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses, J Clin Epidemiol,
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014Lumley, Survey: analysis of complex survey samples
Mcneil, Wolfe, Woods, Effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events and bleeding in the healthy elderly, N Engl J Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1805819Meizlish, Goshua, Liu, Intermediate-dose anticoagulation, aspirin, and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19: a propensity score-matched analysis, Am J Hematol,
doi:10.1002/ajh.26102Meizlish, Goshua, Liu, Intermediate-dose anticoagulation, aspirin, and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19: a propensity score-matched analysis, Am J,
doi:10.1002/ajh.26102Osborne, Veigulis, Arreola, Mahajan, Röösli et al., Association of mortality and aspirin prescription for COVID-19 patients at the Veterans Health Administration, PLoS One,
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246825Pfaff, Girvin, Gabriel, Synergies between centralized and federated approaches to data quality: a report from the national COVID cohort collaborative, J Am Med Inform Assoc,
doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab217Ritchie, Mathieu, Rodés-Guirao, Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)
Ruan, Yang, Wang, Jiang, Song, Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China, Intensive Care Med,
doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05991-xWarner, Nylander, Whatling, Anti-platelet therapy: cyclo-oxygenase inhibition and the use of aspirin with particular regard to dual anti-platelet therapy, Br J Clin Pharmacol,
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03943.xZhou, Yu, Du, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet,
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 25]], 'date-time': '2022-03-25T06:40:03Z', 'timestamp': 1648190403233},
'reference-count': 30,
'publisher': 'American Medical Association (AMA)',
'issue': '3',
'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False},
'short-container-title': ['JAMA Netw Open'],
'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3890',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 24]], 'date-time': '2022-03-24T21:09:15Z', 'timestamp': 1648156155000},
'page': 'e223890',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 0,
'title': ['Association of Early Aspirin Use With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Moderate COVID-19'],
'prefix': '10.1001',
'volume': '5',
'author': [ { 'given': 'Jonathan H.',
'family': 'Chow',
'sequence': 'first',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Ali',
'family': 'Rahnavard',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'George Washington University Computational Biology Institute, '
'Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute '
'School of Public Health, Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Mardi',
'family': 'Gomberg-Maitland',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Ranojoy',
'family': 'Chatterjee',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'George Washington University Computational Biology Institute, '
'Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute '
'School of Public Health, Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Pranay',
'family': 'Patodi',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'George Washington University Computational Biology Institute, '
'Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute '
'School of Public Health, Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'David P.',
'family': 'Yamane',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'},
{ 'name': 'Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University '
'School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Andrea R.',
'family': 'Levine',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, '
'University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore'}]},
{ 'given': 'Danielle',
'family': 'Davison',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Katrina',
'family': 'Hawkins',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Amanda M.',
'family': 'Jackson',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and '
'Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, '
'Bethesda, Maryland'}]},
{ 'given': 'Megan T.',
'family': 'Quintana',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Surgery, George Washington University School of '
'Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Allison S.',
'family': 'Lankford',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics '
'and Gynecology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, '
'Baltimore'},
{ 'name': 'Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, R. '
'Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland'}]},
{ 'given': 'Ryan J.',
'family': 'Keneally',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Mustafa',
'family': 'Al-Mashat',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Daniel',
'family': 'Fisher',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Jeffrey',
'family': 'Williams',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Jeffrey S.',
'family': 'Berger',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Michael A.',
'family': 'Mazzeffi',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George '
'Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, '
'Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Keith A.',
'family': 'Crandall',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'George Washington University Computational Biology Institute, '
'Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute '
'School of Public Health, Washington, DC'}]},
{ 'given': 'Ivy',
'family': 'Benjenk',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Benjamin',
'family': 'Amor',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Christopher',
'family': 'Austin',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Tellen',
'family': 'Bennett',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Mark',
'family': 'Bissell',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Samuel',
'family': 'Bozzette',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Katie',
'family': 'Bradwell',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Carolyn',
'family': 'Bramante',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Yooree',
'family': 'Chae',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Christopher',
'family': 'Chute',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Marshall',
'family': 'Clark',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Conor',
'family': 'Cook',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Mariam',
'family': 'Deacy',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Alexandra',
'family': 'Dest',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Racquel',
'family': 'Dietz',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Thomas',
'family': 'Dillon',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'David',
'family': 'Eichmann',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Patricia',
'family': 'Francis',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Rafel',
'family': 'Fuentes',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Davera',
'family': 'Gabriel',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Nicole',
'family': 'Garbarini',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Kenneth',
'family': 'Gersing',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Andrew',
'family': 'Girvin',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Alexis',
'family': 'Graves',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Justin',
'family': 'Guinney',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Melissa',
'family': 'Haendel',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Jeremy',
'family': 'Harper',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Wenndy',
'family': 'Hernandez',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Stephanie',
'family': 'Hong',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Warren',
'family': 'Kibbe',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Farrukh',
'family': 'Koraishy',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Kristin',
'family': 'Kostka',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Michael',
'family': 'Kurilla',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Adam',
'family': 'Lee',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Harold',
'family': 'Lehmann',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Hongfang',
'family': 'Liu',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Amin',
'family': 'Manna',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Federico',
'family': 'Mariona',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Julie',
'family': 'McMurry',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Sam',
'family': 'Michael',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Robert',
'family': 'Miller',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Richard',
'family': 'Moffitt',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Michele',
'family': 'Morris',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Andrew',
'family': 'Neumann',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Shawn',
'family': "O'Neil",
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Matvey',
'family': 'Palchuk',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Philip',
'family': 'Payne',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Emily',
'family': 'Pfaff',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Nabeel',
'family': 'Qureshi',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Peter',
'family': 'Robinson',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Joni',
'family': 'Rutter',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Joel',
'family': 'Saltz',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Mary',
'family': 'Saltz',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Amit',
'family': 'Saha',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Usman',
'family': 'Sheikh',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Heidi',
'family': 'Spratt',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Justin',
'family': 'Starren',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Christine',
'family': 'Suver',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Meredity',
'family': "Temple-O'Connor",
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Satyanarayana',
'family': 'Vedula',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Andrea',
'family': 'Volz',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Anita',
'family': 'Walden',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Kellie',
'family': 'Walters',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Adam',
'family': 'Wilcox',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Andew',
'family': 'Williams',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Chunlei',
'family': 'Wu',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Elizabeth',
'family': 'Zampino',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Ziaohan',
'family': 'Zhang',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'given': 'Richard',
'family': 'Zhu',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators'}]},
{ 'name': 'N3C Consortium and ANCHOR Investigators',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': []}],
'member': '10',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 24]]},
'reference': [ { 'issue': '4',
'key': 'zoi220142r3',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '930',
'DOI': '10.1213/ANE.0000000000005292',
'article-title': 'Aspirin use is associated with decreased mechanical ventilation, '
'intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital mortality in '
'hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019.',
'volume': '132',
'author': 'Chow',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Anesth Analg'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': 'zoi220142r4',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0246825',
'article-title': 'Association of mortality and aspirin prescription for COVID-19 patients '
'at the Veterans Health Administration.',
'volume': '16',
'author': 'Osborne',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'PLoS One'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': 'zoi220142r5',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '471',
'DOI': '10.1002/ajh.v96.4',
'article-title': 'Intermediate-dose anticoagulation, aspirin, and in-hospital mortality '
'in COVID-19: a propensity score-matched analysis.',
'volume': '96',
'author': 'Meizlish',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Am J Hematol'},
{ 'issue': '17',
'key': 'zoi220142r6',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1703',
'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2021.17272',
'article-title': 'Effect of antithrombotic therapy on clinical outcomes in outpatients '
'with clinically stable symptomatic COVID-19: the ACTIV-4B randomized '
'clinical trial.',
'volume': '326',
'author': 'Connors',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'JAMA'},
{ 'issue': '11',
'key': 'zoi220142r7',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '2814',
'DOI': '10.1111/jth.v19.11',
'article-title': 'Association of prehospital antiplatelet therapy with survival in '
'patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a propensity score-matched '
'analysis.',
'volume': '19',
'author': 'Chow',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemost'},
{ 'issue': '10320',
'key': 'zoi220142r8',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '143',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01825-0',
'article-title': 'Aspirin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a '
'randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial.',
'volume': '399',
'author': 'RECOVERY Collaborative Group',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': 'zoi220142r9',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '427',
'DOI': '10.1093/jamia/ocaa196',
'article-title': 'The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C): rationale, design, '
'infrastructure, and deployment.',
'volume': '28',
'author': 'Haendel',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J Am Med Inform Assoc'},
{ 'key': 'zoi220142r10',
'article-title': 'Synergies between centralized and federated approaches to data quality: '
'a report from the national COVID cohort collaborative.',
'author': 'Pfaff',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J Am Med Inform Assoc'},
{ 'issue': '13',
'key': 'zoi220142r11',
'first-page': '1',
'article-title': 'Ipw: an R package for inverse probability weighting.',
'volume': '43',
'author': 'Van der Wal',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'J Stat Softw'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': 'zoi220142r13',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '758',
'DOI': '10.1093/aje/kwv254',
'article-title': 'Using big data to emulate a target trial when a randomized trial is not '
'available.',
'volume': '183',
'author': 'Hernán',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Am J Epidemiol'},
{ 'key': 'zoi220142r14',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '70',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014',
'article-title': 'Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other '
'self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses.',
'volume': '79',
'author': 'Hernán',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'J Clin Epidemiol'},
{ 'issue': '28',
'key': 'zoi220142r15',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '3661',
'DOI': '10.1002/sim.v34.28',
'article-title': 'Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of '
'treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate '
'causal treatment effects in observational studies.',
'volume': '34',
'author': 'Austin',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Stat Med'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': 'zoi220142r17',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1074',
'DOI': '10.1213/ANE.0000000000002920',
'article-title': 'Propensity score methods: theory and practice for anesthesia research.',
'volume': '127',
'author': 'Schulte',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Anesth Analg'},
{ 'issue': '12',
'key': 'zoi220142r18',
'first-page': '700',
'article-title': 'Interpreting estimates of treatment effects: implications for managed '
'care.',
'volume': '33',
'author': 'Faraone',
'year': '2008',
'journal-title': 'P T'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': 'zoi220142r19',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '659',
'DOI': '10.1177/0962280219870836',
'article-title': 'Subgroup balancing propensity score.',
'volume': '29',
'author': 'Dong',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Stat Methods Med Res'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': 'zoi220142r20',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '471',
'DOI': '10.1002/ajh.v96.4',
'article-title': 'Intermediate-dose anticoagulation, aspirin, and in-hospital mortality '
'in COVID-19: a propensity score-matched analysis.',
'volume': '96',
'author': 'Meizlish',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Am J Hematol'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': 'zoi220142r21',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '619',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03943.x',
'article-title': 'Anti-platelet therapy: cyclo-oxygenase inhibition and the use of '
'aspirin with particular regard to dual anti-platelet therapy.',
'volume': '72',
'author': 'Warner',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'Br J Clin Pharmacol'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': 'zoi220142r22',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '179',
'DOI': '10.1038/nrd1034',
'article-title': 'The development of COX2 inhibitors.',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'Flower',
'year': '2003',
'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Drug Discov'},
{ 'issue': '18',
'key': 'zoi220142r23',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1708',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2002032',
'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China.',
'volume': '382',
'author': 'Guan',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': 'zoi220142r24',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '846',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x',
'article-title': 'Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis '
'of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China.',
'volume': '46',
'author': 'Ruan',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': 'zoi220142r25',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1081',
'DOI': '10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2033',
'article-title': 'Development and validation of a clinical risk score to predict the '
'occurrence of critical illness in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.',
'volume': '180',
'author': 'Liang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med'},
{ 'issue': '10229',
'key': 'zoi220142r26',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1054',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3',
'article-title': 'Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with '
'COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.',
'volume': '395',
'author': 'Zhou',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'issue': '16',
'key': 'zoi220142r27',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1509',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa1805819',
'article-title': 'Effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events and bleeding in the healthy '
'elderly.',
'volume': '379',
'author': 'McNeil',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'issue': '23',
'key': 'zoi220142r28',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '2510',
'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2014.15690',
'article-title': 'Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in '
'Japanese patients 60 years or older with atherosclerotic risk factors: '
'a randomized clinical trial.',
'volume': '312',
'author': 'Ikeda',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'JAMA'},
{ 'issue': '10152',
'key': 'zoi220142r29',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1036',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31924-X',
'article-title': 'Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at '
'moderate risk of cardiovascular disease (ARRIVE): a randomised, '
'double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.',
'volume': '392',
'author': 'Gaziano',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'issue': '16',
'key': 'zoi220142r30',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1529',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa1804988',
'article-title': 'Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes '
'mellitus.',
'volume': '379',
'author': 'Bowman',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'key': 'zoi220142r16',
'volume-title': 'Causal Inference: What If',
'author': 'Hernan',
'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': 'zoi220142r1',
'unstructured': 'Johns Hopkins University. Coronavirus resource center. Published 2021. '
'Accessed January 31, 2022. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/'},
{ 'key': 'zoi220142r2',
'unstructured': 'Ritchie? H, Mathieu? E, Rodés-Guirao? L, . Coronavirus pandemic '
'(COVID-19). Published 2021. Accessed January 31, 2022. '
'https://www.ourworldindata.org/coronavirus'},
{ 'key': 'zoi220142r12',
'unstructured': 'Lumley? T. Survey: analysis of complex survey samples. Published 2020. '
'Accessed August 18, 2021. '
'https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/survey/'}],
'container-title': ['JAMA Network Open'],
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2790439/chow_2022_oi_220142_1647457404.38134.pdf',
'content-type': 'unspecified',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 24]],
'date-time': '2022-03-24T21:09:36Z',
'timestamp': 1648156176000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2790439'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 24]]},
'references-count': 30,
'journal-issue': {'issue': '3', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 1]]}},
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3890',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2574-3805'],
'issn-type': [{'value': '2574-3805', 'type': 'electronic'}],
'subject': ['General Medicine'],
'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 24]]}}
