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All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Treatments Associated with Lower Mortality among Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Zhao et al., Anesthesiology, doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003999
Oct 2021  
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Mortality 43% Improvement Relative Risk Mortality (b) 28% Aspirin for COVID-19  Zhao et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with aspirin beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 2,070 patients in the USA Lower mortality with aspirin (p=0.00065) c19early.org Zhao et al., Anesthesiology, October 2021 Favorsaspirin Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Retrospective 2,070 hospitalized patients in the USA, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment.
risk of death, 43.0% lower, HR 0.57, p < 0.001, treatment 121 of 473 (25.6%), control 140 of 473 (29.6%), adjusted per study, PSM.
risk of death, 28.0% lower, HR 0.72, p = 0.03, treatment 473, control 1,597, adjusted per study, multivariable.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Zhao et al., 1 Oct 2021, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
This PaperAspirinAll
Treatments Associated with Lower Mortality among Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
M.D Xu Zhao, M.D Chan Gao, Ph.D Feng Dai, Ph.D Miriam M Treggiari, M.P.H Ranjit Deshpande, F.C.C.M Lingzhong Meng
Anesthesiology, doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000003999
What We Already Know about This Topic • While the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients has improved, mortality rates remain high What This Article Tells Us That Is New • In a retrospective cohort consisting of 2,070 critically ill COVID-19 patients treated in six hospitals, multivariable regression analysis showed lower in-hospital mortality associated with apixaban, aspirin, or enoxaparin treatment • Propensity score-matching analyses demonstrated lower mortality for patients receiving apixaban (27% [96 of 360] vs. 37% [133 of 360]), aspirin (26% [121 of 473] vs. 30% [140 of 473]), or enoxaparin (25% [87 of 347) vs. 34% [117 of 347]) compared to matched controls A Particular challenge of COVID-19 treatment is the high mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Although the mortality rate was estimated to be ~50% among critically ill COVID-19 patients in the early stage of the pandemic, 1 a study performed at a later stage of the pandemic showed a downward trend of mortality rates from ~44% to ~19%. 2 Effective treatments might be one factor responsible for this decline. Continuous efforts in discovering effective treatments are needed and have been ongoing as evidenced by the recent trials exploring the effectiveness of therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation in hospitalized and critically ill patients. [3] [4] [5] With the passing of the COVID-19 pandemic's first anniversary and the surge of the Delta variant, a look back at the data accumulated over 1 yr provides an opportunity to identify potentially effective treatments. Such an approach could corroborate established treatments or generate hypotheses for future investigations. This retrospective cohort study hypothesized that certain treatments would be associated with lower mortality in patients
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{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 5]], 'date-time': '2022-10-05T07:59:29Z', 'timestamp': 1664956769618}, 'reference-count': 29, 'publisher': 'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 'issue': '6', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 12, 1]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients remains high. ' 'Although randomized controlled trials must continue to definitively evaluate treatments, ' 'further hypothesis-generating efforts to identify candidate treatments are required. This ' 'study’s hypothesis was that certain treatments are associated with lower COVID-19 ' 'mortality.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This was a 1-yr retrospective cohort study involving all COVID-19 ' 'patients admitted to intensive care units in six hospitals affiliated with Yale New Haven ' 'Health System from February 13, 2020, to March 4, 2021. The exposures were any ' 'COVID-19–related pharmacologic and organ support treatments. The outcome was in-hospital ' 'mortality.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This study analyzed 2,070 patients after excluding 23 patients who ' 'died within 24 h after intensive care unit admission and 3 patients who remained hospitalized ' 'on the last day of data censoring. The in-hospital mortality was 29% (593 of 2,070). Of 23 ' 'treatments analyzed, apixaban (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.363 to 0.48; corrected CI, 0.336 ' 'to 0.52) and aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.87; corrected CI, 0.54 to 0.96) ' 'were associated with lower mortality based on the multivariable analysis with multiple ' 'testing correction. Propensity score–matching analysis showed an association between apixaban ' 'treatment and lower mortality (with vs. without apixaban, 27% [96 of 360] vs. 37% [133 of ' '360]; hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.337 to 0.69) and an association between aspirin treatment ' 'and lower mortality (with vs. without aspirin, 26% [121 of 473] vs. 30% [140 of 473]; hazard ' 'ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.78). Enoxaparin showed similar associations based on the ' 'multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.97; corrected CI, 0.61 to 1.05) ' 'and propensity score–matching analysis (with vs. without enoxaparin, 25% [87 of 347] vs. 34% ' '[117 of 347]; hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.367 to 0.77).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Consistent with the known hypercoagulability in severe COVID-19, ' 'the use of apixaban, enoxaparin, or aspirin was independently associated with lower mortality ' 'in critically ill COVID-19 patients.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Editor’s Perspective</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>What We Already Know about This Topic</jats:title>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>What This Article Tells Us That Is New</jats:title>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1097/aln.0000000000003999', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 1]], 'date-time': '2021-10-01T20:30:01Z', 'timestamp': 1633120201000}, 'page': '1076-1090', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 3, 'title': 'Treatments Associated with Lower Mortality among Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A ' 'Retrospective Cohort Study', 'prefix': '10.1097', 'volume': '135', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Xu', 'family': 'Zhao', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of ' 'Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut'}]}, { 'given': 'Chan', 'family': 'Gao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'the Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and ' 'Rehabilitation, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, ' 'Quebec, Canada'}]}, { 'given': 'Feng', 'family': 'Dai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'the Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of ' 'Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut'}]}, { 'given': 'Miriam M.', 'family': 'Treggiari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of ' 'Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut'}]}, { 'given': 'Ranjit', 'family': 'Deshpande', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of ' 'Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-5084', 'authenticated-orcid': True, 'given': 'Lingzhong', 'family': 'Meng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of ' 'Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut'}]}], 'member': '276', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 1]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1345', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3539', 'article-title': 'Risk factors associated with mortality among patients with COVID-19 in ' 'intensive care units in Lombardy, Italy.', 'volume': '180', 'author': 'Grasselli', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med'}, { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '613', 'DOI': '10.7326/M20-5327', 'article-title': 'Characteristics, outcomes, and trends of patients with cOVID-19–related ' 'critical illness at a learning health system in the United States.', 'volume': '174', 'author': 'Anesi', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '790', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2105911', 'article-title': 'Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in noncritically ill patients ' 'with COVID-19.', 'volume': '385', 'author': 'Lawler', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '777', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2103417', 'article-title': 'Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in critically ill patients ' 'with COVID-19.', 'volume': '385', 'author': 'Goligher', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2253', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01203-4', 'article-title': 'Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for patients admitted ' 'to hospital with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration (ACTION): ' 'An open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial.', 'volume': '397', 'author': 'Lopes', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1074', 'DOI': '10.1080/01621459.1989.10478874', 'article-title': 'The robust inference for the Cox proportional hazards model.', 'volume': '84', 'author': 'Lin', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'J Am Stat Assoc'}, { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1569', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: A 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'Intermediate-dose anticoagulation, aspirin, and in-hospital mortality ' 'in COVID-19: A propensity score–matched analysis.', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Meizlish', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Am J Hematol'}, { 'key': '2021120822165406200_R29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '6', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.016', 'article-title': 'Active prescription of low-dose aspirin during or prior to ' 'hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis of adjusted effect estimates.', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'Martha', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}], 'container-title': 'Anesthesiology', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/135/6/1076/527622/20211200.0-00025.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'syndication'}, { 'URL': 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Late treatment
is less effective
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