Establishment of in-house assay for screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein inhibitors
Samah A Loutfy, Merna H Emam, Mohamed I Mahmoud, Nadia El-Guendy
doi:10.1186/s13568-024-01739-8
drug to be approved in 2020 for the treatment of hospitalized or non-hospitalized patients at high risk for COVID-19 disease progression (Lamb 2020). Following Remdesivir, Tocilizumab (Actemra®) and Baricitinib (Olumiant®), immunosuppressive drugs used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, were approved in 2022 for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (Assadiasl et al. 2021; Bozorgmanesh et al. 2021) . Spike protein is a surface protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that mediates viral adhesion and fusion by interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on the surface of the host cells (Scialo et al. 2020) . Spike-ACE2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a significant step in virus replication and has been
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi. org/10.1186/s13568-024-01739-8.
Supplementary Material 1 Author contributions M.H.E performed the cytotoxicity in-vitro assays, as well as the immunofluorescent screening assay, conducted the graphical analysis for the results, and initiated the writing of the original draft. M.I.M produced and purified the in-house spike protein, conducted the graphical analysis for the results, and participated in the writing of the manuscript. All experiments were conducted under the supervision and guidance of S.A.L, and N.E. S.A.L, and N.E reviewed and supervised the writing of the manuscript. S.A.L was also responsible for the development of the main idea, managing the resources, and funding acquisition. All authors revised the manuscript and agreed to all its contents.
Funding Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable.
Consent for publication All authors agree to be published.
Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Developing a potent antiviral agent to combat '
'Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is of critical importance as we may be at risk of the '
'emergence of new virus strains or another pandemic recurrence. The interaction between the '
'SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main '
'protein-protein interaction (PPI) implicated in the virus entry into the host cells. '
'Spike-ACE2 PPI represents a major target for drug intervention. We have repurposed a '
'previously described protein-protein interaction detection method to be utilized as a drug '
'screening assay. The assay was standardized using Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as the drug '
'and SARS-CoV-2 spike-ACE2 interaction as the PPI model. The assay was then used to screen '
'four natural bioactive compounds: Curcumin (Cur), Gallic acid (GA), Quercetin (Q), and '
'Silymarin (Sil), and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro. Production of the spike '
'protein and the evaluation of its activity in comparison to a standard commercial protein was '
'part of our work as well. Here we describe a novel simple immunofluorescent screening assay '
'to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors that could assess the inhibitory effect of any '
'ligand against any PPI.</jats:p>\n'
' <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract</jats:bold></jats:p>',
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