Bioinformatics and system biology approaches to determine the connection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Xinyi Zhou, Tengda Huang, Hongyuan Pan, Ao Du, Tian Wu, Jiang Lan, Yujia Song, Yue Lv, Fang He, Kefei Yuan
PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300441
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of individuals worldwide, which poses a severe threat to human health. COVID-19 is a systemic ailment affecting various tissues and organs, including the lungs and liver. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver cancer, and cancer patients are particularly at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on ICC patients.
Methods With the methods of systems biology and bioinformatics, this study explored the link between COVID-19 and ICC, and searched for potential therapeutic drugs.
Results This study identified a total of 70 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both diseases, shedding light on their shared functionalities. Enrichment analysis pinpointed metabolism and immunity as the primary areas influenced by these common genes. Subsequently, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified SCD, ACSL5, ACAT2, HSD17B4, ALDOA, ACSS1, ACADSB, CYP51A1, PSAT1, and HKDC1 as hub genes. Additionally, 44 transcription factors (TFs) and 112 microRNAs (miRNAs) were forecasted to regulate the hub genes. Most importantly, several drug candidates (Periodateoxidized adenosine, Desipramine, Quercetin, Perfluoroheptanoic acid, Tetrandrine,
Supporting information S1
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'abstract': '<jats:sec id="sec001">\n'
'<jats:title>Introduction</jats:title>\n'
'<jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of '
'coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of individuals worldwide, which '
'poses a severe threat to human health. COVID-19 is a systemic ailment affecting various '
'tissues and organs, including the lungs and liver. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is '
'one of the most common liver cancer, and cancer patients are particularly at high risk of '
'SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on '
'ICC patients.</jats:p>\n'
'</jats:sec>\n'
'<jats:sec id="sec002">\n'
'<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n'
'<jats:p>With the methods of systems biology and bioinformatics, this study explored the link '
'between COVID-19 and ICC, and searched for potential therapeutic drugs.</jats:p>\n'
'</jats:sec>\n'
'<jats:sec id="sec003">\n'
'<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n'
'<jats:p>This study identified a total of 70 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) '
'shared by both diseases, shedding light on their shared functionalities. Enrichment analysis '
'pinpointed metabolism and immunity as the primary areas influenced by these common genes. '
'Subsequently, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified '
'<jats:italic>SCD</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ACSL5</jats:italic>, '
'<jats:italic>ACAT2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HSD17B4</jats:italic>, '
'<jats:italic>ALDOA</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ACSS1</jats:italic>, '
'<jats:italic>ACADSB</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CYP51A1</jats:italic>, '
'<jats:italic>PSAT1</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>HKDC1</jats:italic> as hub genes. '
'Additionally, 44 transcription factors (TFs) and 112 microRNAs (miRNAs) were forecasted to '
'regulate the hub genes. Most importantly, several drug candidates (Periodate-oxidized '
'adenosine, Desipramine, Quercetin, Perfluoroheptanoic acid, Tetrandrine, '
'Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, Benzo[a]pyrene, SARIN, Dorzolamide, 8-Bromo-cAMP) may prove '
'effective in treating ICC and COVID-19.</jats:p>\n'
'</jats:sec>\n'
'<jats:sec id="sec004">\n'
'<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n'
'<jats:p>This study is expected to provide valuable references and potential drugs for future '
'research and treatment of COVID-19 and ICC.</jats:p>\n'
'</jats:sec>',
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