Neglected Effective Early Therapies against COVID-19: Focus on Functional Foods and Related Active Substances. A Review

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-12-18T05:06:12Z', 'timestamp': 1702875972826}, 'posted': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 15]]}, 'group-title': 'Public Health and Healthcare', 'reference-count': 0, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 15]], 'date-time': '2023-12-15T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1702598400000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'accepted': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 14]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>The official recommendations to manage COVID-19 in the outpatient setting focus on ' 'high-cost drugs (remdesivir, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, molnupiravir), suffering from many ' 'problems. &#x0D;\n' 'Therefore, one may consider also other treatments meeting these criteria: &#x0D;\n' '• promising effectiveness, based on favorable randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ' 'sufficient validity. Even without definitive evidence, physicians and informed patients can ' 'consider them if they are also: &#x0D;\n' '• safe, to the state of knowledge&#x0D;\n' '• with a very favorable opportunity cost&#x0D;\n' '• biologically plausible/not implausible&#x0D;\n' '• accessible&#x0D;\n' '• without major commercial sponsors in the trials promoting them, and with researchers ' 'without major conflicts of interests.&#x0D;\n' 'The main focus is on a limited group of functional foods and some their active ingredients, ' 'with further mention of other substances of different origin, yet fully meeting all the ' 'aforementioned criteria. &#x0D;\n' 'The functional foods and substances described and discussed certainly do not cover all the ' 'known effective therapies for COVID-19 (in one case also for Long-COVID), but the only ' 'therapies proposed in this paper currently satisfy all the above criteria.&#x0D;\n' 'The supporting scientific evidence will favor meta-analyses of RCTs that include the most ' 'definitive outcome: all-cause mortality, i.e. the outcome that most fully informed people ' 'tend to prioritize. Furthermore, the reported evidence favors clinical studies of the most ' 'valid design, i.e. RCTs.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.20944/preprints202312.1178.v1', 'type': 'posted-content', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-12-18T00:49:32Z', 'timestamp': 1702860572000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Neglected Effective Early Therapies against COVID-19: Focus on Functional Foods and Related ' 'Active Substances. A Review', 'prefix': '10.20944', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4365-6814', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Alberto', 'family': 'Donzelli', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '1968', 'container-title': [], 'original-title': [], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-12-18T00:51:07Z', 'timestamp': 1702860667000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202312.1178/v1'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 15]]}, 'references-count': 0, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1178.v1', 'relation': {}, 'subject': [], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 15]]}, 'subtype': 'preprint'}