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The Effect of Melatonin on Thrombosis, Sepsis and Mortality Rate in COVID-19 Patients

Hasan et al., International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.012
Oct 2021  
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Mortality 93% Improvement Relative Risk Melatonin  Hasan et al.  LATE TREATMENT  RCT Is late treatment with melatonin beneficial for COVID-19? RCT 158 patients in Iraq (December 2020 - June 2021) Lower mortality with melatonin (p=0.0004) c19early.org Hasan et al., Int. J. Infectious Disea.., Oct 2021 Favorsmelatonin Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Melatonin for COVID-19
11th treatment shown to reduce risk in December 2020, now with p = 0.0000002 from 18 studies.
Lower risk for mortality, ventilation, and recovery.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19early.org
RCT 158 severe condition patients in Iraq, 82 treated with melatonin, showing lower mortality, thrombosis, and sepsis with treatment.
risk of death, 92.9% lower, RR 0.07, p < 0.001, treatment 1 of 82 (1.2%), control 13 of 76 (17.1%), NNT 6.3.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Hasan et al., 12 Oct 2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Iraq, peer-reviewed, 3 authors, study period 1 December, 2020 - 1 June, 2021.
This PaperMelatoninAll
The Effect of Melatonin on Thrombosis, Sepsis and Mortality Rate in COVID-19 Patients
Zainab Thanon Hasan, Dr. Mohammed Qasim Yahya Mal Allah Al Atrakji, Dr. Ahmed Kayes Mehuaiden
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.012
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Ethical approval The patients provided informed consent to provide specimen and clinical data, and the study received approval by the ethical committee of Baghdad University /college of medicine.
References
Ali Ameri, Frouz, Manoochehr, Evaluation of the effect of melatonin in patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized registration: 10
Konrad, Ron, Niranjan, Flavia, Raymond et al., Recognizing Sepsis as a Global Health Priority -A WHO Resolution, N Engl J Med
Phua, Ngerng, See, Characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative versus culture-positive severe sepsis, Crit Care
Singer, Deutschman, Seymour, The Third International Consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3), JAMA
Slominski, Hardeland, Zmijewski, Slominski, Reiter et al., Melatonin: A cutaneous perspective on its production, metabolism, and functions, J. Invest. Dermatol
Soy, Keser, Atagündüz, Tabak, Atagündüz et al., Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment, Clin. Rheumatol, doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05190-5
Steven, Thompson, None, Sampling
Varga, Flammer, Steiger, Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19, Lancet
 Qin, Zhou, Hu, Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, Clin Infect
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Late treatment
is less effective
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