The Effect of Curcumin and Virgin Coconut Oil Towards Cytokines Levels in COVID-19 Patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
et al., Pharmacognosy Journal, doi:10.5530/pj.2022.14.27
, The Effect of Curcumin and Virgin Coconut Oil Towards Cytokines Levels in COVID-19 Patients at Universitas.., Pharmacognosy Journal, doi:10.5530/pj.2022.14.27
RCT with 30 patients treated with curcumin and virgin coconut oil (VCO), and 30 SOC patients in Indonesia, showing faster viral clearance with treatment. Treatment also reduced IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, and IFN-β levels. VCO improves the bioavailability of curcumin. There were large unadjusted differences in baseline severity and age, for example 20% vs. 47% of patients >50. VCO 30ml and curcumin 1g tid for 21 days. 066/UN27.06.6.1/KEPK/EC/2020.
This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta
analysis:
randomization resulted in significant baseline differences that were not adjusted for.
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risk of no viral clearance, 53.3% lower, RR 0.47, p < 0.001, treatment 14 of 30 (46.7%), control 30 of 30 (100.0%), NNT 1.9, day 10.
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risk of no viral clearance, 75.0% lower, RR 0.25, p = 0.002, treatment 4 of 30 (13.3%), control 16 of 30 (53.3%), NNT 2.5, day 14.
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risk of no viral clearance, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 30 (0.0%), control 1 of 30 (3.3%), NNT 30, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), day 21.
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| Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates |
Hartono et al., 22 Feb 2022, Randomized Controlled Trial, Indonesia, peer-reviewed, 13 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with virgin coconut oil) - results of individual treatments may vary.
Abstract: Pharmacogn J. 2022; 14(1): 216-225
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Research Article
The Effect of Curcumin and Virgin Coconut Oil Towards Cytokines
Levels in COVID-19 Patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital,
Surakarta, Indonesia
Hartono1,2*, B Suryawati3, Y Sari4, A Avicena2, Maryani3, C Sukmagautama2, H Apriningsih2, L Shofiyah2, RGH
Novika5, NJ Wahidah5, NY Rahmawati6, ANM Ansori7, L Sumarno8
ABSTRACT
Hartono1,2*, B Suryawati3, Y
Sari4, A Avicena2, Maryani3, C
Sukmagautama2, H Apriningsih2,
L Shofiyah2, RGH Novika5, NJ
Wahidah5, NY Rahmawati6, ANM
Ansori7, L Sumarno8
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of
Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Surakarta, Indonesia
2
Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Teaching
Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Surakarta, Indonesia
4
Department of Parasitology, Faculty
of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Surakarta, Indonesia
5
Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of
Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Indonesia
6
Doctoral Program of Medical Science,
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga,
Surabaya, Indonesia
7
Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas
Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
8
National Research and Innovation Agency,
Jakarta, Indonesia
Correspondence
Hartono
Department of Physiology, Faculty of
Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(UNS) Teaching Hospital, Surakarta,
INDONESIA.
E-mail: hartono65@staff.uns.ac.id
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-9357
History
• Submission Date: 18-10-2021;
• Review completed: 11-12-2021;
• Accepted Date: 03-01-2022.
DOI : 10.5530/pj.2022.14.27
Article Available online
http://www.phcogj.com/v14/i1
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© 2022 Phcogj.Com. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms
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Introduction: To date, no specific therapeutic drug has been approved to target SARS-CoV-2. Hence,
it remains a major challenge to decide what potential therapeutic regimens to treat COVID-19 patients.
This study aims to investigate curcumin and virgin coconut oil (VCO) effects on cytokine levels (IL-1β,
IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-β) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was a single-center,
controlled trial with a parallel Arm or a Randomized Clinical trial design. A total of sixty COVID-19 patients
admitted to the Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, were divided into two groups.
The first group, consisting of 30 patients, was treated with Azithromycin 500 mg + Oseltamivir 2×75 mg
+ Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day for 5 days. The second group, comprising 30 patients, was treated
with Azithromycin 500 mg + Oseltamivir 2×75 mg + Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day for 5 days, added
with VCO 30 mL and curcumin 3×1 g/day for 21 days. The cytokine profiles of the serum samples were
analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on days 1, 14, and 21. Results: Our study
showed that the second group had a significant reduction in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-β levels
after being treated with standard therapy added with curcumin and VCO on day 21 (p<0.05). Conclusion:
These results suggested that curcumin and VCO might benefit the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Key words: COVID-19, Curcumin, Cytokines, Virgin coconut oil.
Late treatment
is less effective
is less effective
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