Early viral clearance among COVID-19 patients when gargling with povidone-iodine and essential oils: a pilot clinical trial

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448", "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Gargling had been reported to have significant roles in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of regular gargling to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 in the oropharynx and nasopharynx.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology</jats:title><jats:p>This pilot, open labeled, randomized, parallel study compared the effect of 30 seconds, 3 times/day gargling using 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), essential oils and tap water on SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Progress was monitored by day 4,6 and 12 PCR (Ct value), gargling and symptoms diary as well as clinical observations.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Five confirmed Stage 1 COVID-19 patients were recruited for each arm. The age range was from 22 to 56 years old. The majority were males. Two respondents had co-morbidities, which were asthma and obesity. Viral clearance was achieved at day 6 in 100%, 80%, 20% and 0% for 1% PVP-I, essential oils, tap water and control group respectively. Analysis of 1% PVP-I group versus control group showed significant p-value for comparison of PCR results on Day 4, Day 6 and Day 12.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>This preliminary study showed that gargling with 1% PVP-I and essential oils show great potential to be part of the treatment and management of Stage 1 COVID-19. Larger studies are required to ascertain the benefit of gargling for different stages of COVID-19 patients. This study was registered in clinicaltrial.gov (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04410159\">NCT04410159</jats:ext-link>).</jats:p></jats:sec>", "accepted": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 9, 9 ] ] }, "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Mohamed", "given": "Nurul Azmawati", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Baharom", "given": "Nizam", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Sulaiman", "given": "Wan Shahida Wan", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Rashid", "given": "Zetti Zainol", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ken", "given": "Wong Kon", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ali", "given": "Umi Kalsom", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Othman", "given": "Siti Norlia", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Samat", "given": "Muttaqillah Najihan", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kori", "given": "Najma", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Periyasamy", "given": "Petrick", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Zakaria", "given": "Nor Azizan", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Sugurmar", "given": "Agni Nhirmal Kumar", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kazmin", "given": "Nur Ezzaty Mohammad", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Khee", "given": "Cheong Xiong", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Saniman", "given": "Siti Mariyam", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Isahak", "given": "Ilina", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": [], "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 9, 9 ] ], "date-time": "2020-09-09T22:35:27Z", "timestamp": 1599690927000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 2, 6 ] ], "date-time": "2021-02-06T11:37:33Z", "timestamp": 1612611453000 }, "group-title": "Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)", "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2023-11-01T07:29:53Z", "timestamp": 1698823793180 }, "institution": [ { "name": "medRxiv" } ], "is-referenced-by-count": 17, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 9, 9 ] ] }, "link": [ { "URL": "https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "246", "original-title": [], "posted": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 9, 9 ] ] }, "prefix": "10.1101", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 9, 9 ] ] }, "publisher": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1002/ptr.2955", "article-title": "Comparative Study on the Antiviral Activity of Selected Monoterpenes Derived from Essential Oils", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "673", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives", "key": "2021020411450666000_2020.09.07.20180448v1.1", "volume": "24", "year": "2010" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.073", "article-title": "Povidone Iodine in Wound Healing: A Review of Current Concepts and Practices", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "260", "journal-title": "International Journal of Surgery", "key": "2021020411450666000_2020.09.07.20180448v1.2", "volume": "44", "year": "2017" }, { "key": "2021020411450666000_2020.09.07.20180448v1.3", "unstructured": "Cascella, Marco , Michael Rajnik , Arturo Cuomo , Scott C Dulebohn , and Raffaela Di Napoli . 2020. “Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19).” In Statpearls [Internet]. 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