Curcumin as a Promising Therapy for COVID-19: A Review
Arunava Kali, MD M V Pravin Charles
Global Journal of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Update, doi:10.25259/gjmpbu_78_2023
COVID-19 is a serious respiratory illness with potential for multisystem involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2. It emerged as a pandemic in December 2019 and still continues to pose a significant challenge to healthcare systems globally. [1] COVID-19 has been a substantial burden on the healthcare infrastructure, leading to overwhelmed hospitals, increased mortality rates, and economic disruptions. [1] SARS-CoV-2 infects the respiratory system, and various approaches, such as vaccination, development of new therapies, and repurposing of existing therapeutics, have been employed. However, effective medications to diminish and control the disease without significant adverse effects are not yet available.
Conflicts of interest ere are no conflicts of interest.
Use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technology for manuscript preparation e authors confirm that they have not used artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technology for assisting in the writing or editing of the manuscript or image creations.
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'abstract': '<jats:p>The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred intense research efforts to identify '
'effective therapeutic options. Among the potential candidates, curcumin, a naturally '
'occurring polyphenol obtained from turmeric, has gained considerable attention due to its '
'diverse pharmacological properties. This review examines the existing literature on '
'curcumin’s potential as a new promising treatment for COVID-19. Curcumin demonstrates '
'antiviral effects by modulating key signaling pathways for entry and multiplication of '
'SARS-CoV-2 in host cells. It limits viral entry in host cells as it binds and inhibits '
'S-protein, TMPRSS2, and ADAM17 enzymes required for cytoadherence and membrane fusion. It '
'also downregulates SARS-CoV-2 replication by preventing the release of the viral genomic RNA '
'into the cytoplasm from virus-containing vacuoles and subsequently inhibits enzymes required '
'for viral replication. Rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAS) dysfunction, especially '
'increased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-Angiotensin II-AT1R axis activity, is '
'associated with prothrombotic state, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung injury in '
'COVID-19 patients. Curcumin increases soluble ACE2 cellular ACE2 activity, restores RAS '
'normal function, and mitigates these complications. Curcumin also exerts anti-inflammatory '
'and immunomodulatory actions. It reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines through '
'inhibition of toll-like receptors (TLRs), namely, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, and enhances the '
'production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10. In addition, it prevents the '
'progression of tissue damage and inflammation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through ROS '
'scavenging enzymes. Due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and '
'immunomodulatory properties, curcumin has emerged as an attractive candidate for combating '
'various aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, such as excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, '
'viral multiplication, and immune dysregulation. However, limited clinical evidence is '
'currently available to support its efficacy, specifically against COVID-19. Thus, further '
'research, including clinical trials, is warranted to evaluate curcumin’s therapeutic '
'potential and determine its optimal dosage, formulation, and safety for COVID-19 patients. '
'Overall, based on its favorable pharmacological properties and promising preclinical data, '
'curcumin holds promise as a treatment for COVID-19, but its clinical utility requires further '
'exploration.</jats:p>',
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