Curcumin as a Promising Therapy for COVID-19: A Review

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 5]], 'date-time': '2024-05-05T00:28:23Z', 'timestamp': 1714868903074}, 'reference-count': 36, 'publisher': 'Scientific Scholar', 'content-domain': {'domain': ['gjmpbu.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred intense research efforts to identify ' 'effective therapeutic options. Among the potential candidates, curcumin, a naturally ' 'occurring polyphenol obtained from turmeric, has gained considerable attention due to its ' 'diverse pharmacological properties. This review examines the existing literature on ' 'curcumin’s potential as a new promising treatment for COVID-19. Curcumin demonstrates ' 'antiviral effects by modulating key signaling pathways for entry and multiplication of ' 'SARS-CoV-2 in host cells. It limits viral entry in host cells as it binds and inhibits ' 'S-protein, TMPRSS2, and ADAM17 enzymes required for cytoadherence and membrane fusion. It ' 'also downregulates SARS-CoV-2 replication by preventing the release of the viral genomic RNA ' 'into the cytoplasm from virus-containing vacuoles and subsequently inhibits enzymes required ' 'for viral replication. Rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAS) dysfunction, especially ' 'increased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-Angiotensin II-AT1R axis activity, is ' 'associated with prothrombotic state, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung injury in ' 'COVID-19 patients. Curcumin increases soluble ACE2 cellular ACE2 activity, restores RAS ' 'normal function, and mitigates these complications. Curcumin also exerts anti-inflammatory ' 'and immunomodulatory actions. It reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines through ' 'inhibition of toll-like receptors (TLRs), namely, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, and enhances the ' 'production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10. In addition, it prevents the ' 'progression of tissue damage and inflammation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through ROS ' 'scavenging enzymes. Due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ' 'immunomodulatory properties, curcumin has emerged as an attractive candidate for combating ' 'various aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, such as excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, ' 'viral multiplication, and immune dysregulation. However, limited clinical evidence is ' 'currently available to support its efficacy, specifically against COVID-19. Thus, further ' 'research, including clinical trials, is warranted to evaluate curcumin’s therapeutic ' 'potential and determine its optimal dosage, formulation, and safety for COVID-19 patients. ' 'Overall, based on its favorable pharmacological properties and promising preclinical data, ' 'curcumin holds promise as a treatment for COVID-19, but its clinical utility requires further ' 'exploration.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.25259/gjmpbu_78_2023', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-05-04T11:25:53Z', 'timestamp': 1714821953000}, 'page': '2', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Curcumin as a Promising Therapy for COVID-19: A Review', 'prefix': '10.25259', 'volume': '19', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Arunava', 'family': 'Kali', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and ' 'Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, ' 'Puducherry, India,'}]}, { 'given': 'M. V. Pravin', 'family': 'Charles', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and ' 'Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, ' 'Puducherry, India,'}]}], 'member': '10894', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '185', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018', 'article-title': 'The Socio-economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): ' 'A Review', 'volume': '78', 'author': 'Nicola', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Surg'}, { 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '107088', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107088', 'article-title': 'Nano-curcumin Therapy, a Promising Method in Modulating Inflammatory ' 'Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients', 'volume': '89', 'author': 'Valizadeh', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int Immunopharmacol'}, { 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