Curcumin as a Promising Therapy for COVID-19: A Review
Arunava Kali, MD M V Pravin Charles
Global Journal of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Update, doi:10.25259/gjmpbu_78_2023
COVID-19 is a serious respiratory illness with potential for multisystem involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2. It emerged as a pandemic in December 2019 and still continues to pose a significant challenge to healthcare systems globally. [1] COVID-19 has been a substantial burden on the healthcare infrastructure, leading to overwhelmed hospitals, increased mortality rates, and economic disruptions. [1] SARS-CoV-2 infects the respiratory system, and various approaches, such as vaccination, development of new therapies, and repurposing of existing therapeutics, have been employed. However, effective medications to diminish and control the disease without significant adverse effects are not yet available.
Conflicts of interest ere are no conflicts of interest.
Use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technology for manuscript preparation e authors confirm that they have not used artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technology for assisting in the writing or editing of the manuscript or image creations.
References
Abo-Zaid, Shaheen, Ismail, Immunomodulatory Effect of Curcumin on Hepatic Cirrhosis in Experimental Rats, J Food Biochem
Aggarwal, Sundaram, Malani, Ichikawa, Curcumin: e Indian Solid Gold, Adv Exp Med Biol
Allam, Ghrifi, Mohammed, Hafidi, Jaoudi et al., Targeting the GRP78-Dependant SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry by Peptides and Small Molecules, Bioinform Biol Insights
Anand, Kunnumakkara, Newman, Aggarwal, Bioavailability of Curcumin: Problems and Promises, Mol Pharm
Asadirad, Nashibi, Khodadadi, Ghadiri, Sadeghi et al., Anti-inflammatory Potential of Nano-curcumin as an Alternative erapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Mild-to-moderate Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial, Phytother Res
Askari, Sahebkar, Soleimani, Mahdavi, Rafiee et al., e Efficacy of Curcumin-piperine Cosupplementation on Clinical Symptoms, Duration, Severity, and Inflammatory Factors in COVID-19 Outpatients: A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial, Trials
Bengmark, Curcumin, an Atoxic Antioxidant and Natural NFkappaB, Cyclooxygenase-2, Lipooxygenase, and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor: A Shield Against Acute and Chronic Diseases, JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr
Bereswill, Muñoz, Fischer, Plickert, Haag et al., Anti-inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol, Curcumin and Simvastatin in Acute Small Intestinal Inflammation, PLoS One
Bormann, Alt, Schipper, Van De Sand, Vt et al., Turmeric Root and its Bioactive Ingredient Curcumin Effectively Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 In vitro, Viruses
Chai, Chen, Lin, Xie, Wang et al., Curcumin Regulates the differentiation of Naïve CD4+T Cells and Activates IL-10 Immune Modulation against Acute Lung Injury in Mice, Biomed Pharmacother
Cheng, Hsu, Lin, Hsu, Ho et al., Phase I Clinical Trial of Curcumin, a Chemopreventive agent, in Patients with High-risk or Pre-malignant Lesions, Anticancer Res
Cho, Lee, Kim, Curcumin Attenuates the Expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-Alpha as Well as Cyclin E in TNF-alpha-Treated HaCaT Cells; NF-kappaB and MAPKs as Potential Upstream Targets, Int J Mol Med
Dhar, Bhattacharjee, Promising Role of Curcumin against Viral Diseases Emphasizing COVID-19 Management: A Review on the Mechanistic Insights with Reference to Hostpathogen Interaction and Immunomodulation, J Funct Foods
Elshafei, Khidr, El-Husseiny, Gomaa, RAAS, ACE2 and COVID-19; a Mechanistic Review, Saudi J Biol Sci
Guijarro-Real, Plazas, Rodríguez-Burruezo, Prohens, Fita, Potential In vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CL(Pro)) Activity, Foods
Gupta, Patchva, Aggarwal, erapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials, AAPS J
Hassaniazad, Eftekhar, Inchehsablagh, Kamali, Tousi et al., A Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Curcumincontaining Nanomicelles on Cellular Immune Responses Subtypes and Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients, Phytother Res
Hassaniazad, Inchehsablagh, Kamali, Tousi, Eftekhar et al., e Clinical Effect of Nano Micelles Containing Curcumin as a erapeutic Supplement in Patients with COVID-19 and the Immune Responses Balance Changes Following Treatment: A Structured Summary of a Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial, Trials
Hewlings, Kalman, Curcumin: A Review of its Effects on Human Health, Foods
Hu, Liang, Du, Zhu, Wang, Curcumin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-beta Activity via Inhibition of Smad Signaling in HK-2 Cells, Am J Nephrol
Huang, Wang, Li, Ren, Zhao et al., Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Lancet
Jennings, Parks, Curcumin as an Antiviral Agent, Viruses
Jocher, Grass, Tschirner, Riepler, Breimann et al., ADAM10 and ADAM17 Promote SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry and Spike Protein-mediated Lung Cell Fusion, EMBO Rep
Liju, Jeena, Kuttan, An Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory, and Antinociceptive Activities of Essential Oil from Curcuma longa, L. Indian J Pharmacol
Mehta, Mcauley, Brown, Sanchez, Tattersall et al., COVID-19: Consider Cytokine Storm Syndromes and Immunosuppression, Lancet
Merad, Martin, Pathological Inflammation in Patients with COVID-19: A Key Role for Monocytes and Macrophages, Nat Rev Immunol
Mollazadeh, Cicero, Blesso, Pirro, Majeed et al., Immune Modulation by Curcumin: e Role of Interleukin-10, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
Mourtas, Canovi, Niarakis, Ferla, Curcumin-decorated Nanoliposomes with Very High Affinity for Amyloid-β1-42 Peptide, Biomaterials
Nag, Banerjee, Paul, Kundu, Curcumin Inhibits Spike Protein of New SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC) Omicron, an in silico study, Comput Biol Med
Nicola, Alsafi, Sohrabi, Kerwan, Al-Jabir et al., e Socio-economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Review, Int J Surg
Pawar, Mastud, Pawar, Pawar, Bhoite et al., Oral Curcumin with Piperine as Adjuvant erapy for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Front Pharmacol
Prasad, Tyagi, Aggarwal, Recent Developments in Delivery, Bioavailability, Absorption and Metabolism of Curcumin: e Golden Pigment from Golden Spice, Cancer Res Treat
Shoba, Joy, Joseph, Majeed, Rajendran et al., Influence of Piperine on the Pharmacokinetics of Curcumin in Animals and Human Volunteers, Planta Med
Valizadeh, Abdolmohammadi-Vahid, Danshina, Gencer, Ammari et al., Nano-curcumin erapy, a Promising Method in Modulating Inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients, Int Immunopharmacol
Zahedipour, Hosseini, Sathyapalan, Majeed, Jamialahmadi et al., Potential Effects of Curcumin in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection, Phytother Res
Zhou, Yang, Wang, Hu, Zhang et al., A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin, Nature
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 5]], 'date-time': '2024-05-05T00:28:23Z', 'timestamp': 1714868903074},
'reference-count': 36,
'publisher': 'Scientific Scholar',
'content-domain': {'domain': ['gjmpbu.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': True},
'abstract': '<jats:p>The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred intense research efforts to identify '
'effective therapeutic options. Among the potential candidates, curcumin, a naturally '
'occurring polyphenol obtained from turmeric, has gained considerable attention due to its '
'diverse pharmacological properties. This review examines the existing literature on '
'curcumin’s potential as a new promising treatment for COVID-19. Curcumin demonstrates '
'antiviral effects by modulating key signaling pathways for entry and multiplication of '
'SARS-CoV-2 in host cells. It limits viral entry in host cells as it binds and inhibits '
'S-protein, TMPRSS2, and ADAM17 enzymes required for cytoadherence and membrane fusion. It '
'also downregulates SARS-CoV-2 replication by preventing the release of the viral genomic RNA '
'into the cytoplasm from virus-containing vacuoles and subsequently inhibits enzymes required '
'for viral replication. Rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAS) dysfunction, especially '
'increased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-Angiotensin II-AT1R axis activity, is '
'associated with prothrombotic state, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung injury in '
'COVID-19 patients. Curcumin increases soluble ACE2 cellular ACE2 activity, restores RAS '
'normal function, and mitigates these complications. Curcumin also exerts anti-inflammatory '
'and immunomodulatory actions. It reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines through '
'inhibition of toll-like receptors (TLRs), namely, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, and enhances the '
'production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10. In addition, it prevents the '
'progression of tissue damage and inflammation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through ROS '
'scavenging enzymes. Due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and '
'immunomodulatory properties, curcumin has emerged as an attractive candidate for combating '
'various aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, such as excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, '
'viral multiplication, and immune dysregulation. However, limited clinical evidence is '
'currently available to support its efficacy, specifically against COVID-19. Thus, further '
'research, including clinical trials, is warranted to evaluate curcumin’s therapeutic '
'potential and determine its optimal dosage, formulation, and safety for COVID-19 patients. '
'Overall, based on its favorable pharmacological properties and promising preclinical data, '
'curcumin holds promise as a treatment for COVID-19, but its clinical utility requires further '
'exploration.</jats:p>',
'DOI': '10.25259/gjmpbu_78_2023',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-05-04T11:25:53Z', 'timestamp': 1714821953000},
'page': '2',
'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/crossmark_policy',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 0,
'title': 'Curcumin as a Promising Therapy for COVID-19: A Review',
'prefix': '10.25259',
'volume': '19',
'author': [ { 'given': 'Arunava',
'family': 'Kali',
'sequence': 'first',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and '
'Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, '
'Puducherry, India,'}]},
{ 'given': 'M. V. Pravin',
'family': 'Charles',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and '
'Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, '
'Puducherry, India,'}]}],
'member': '10894',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]]},
'reference': [ { 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-1',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '185',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018',
'article-title': 'The Socio-economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): '
'A Review',
'volume': '78',
'author': 'Nicola',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Int J Surg'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-2',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '107088',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107088',
'article-title': 'Nano-curcumin Therapy, a Promising Method in Modulating Inflammatory '
'Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients',
'volume': '89',
'author': 'Valizadeh',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Int Immunopharmacol'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-3',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '2911',
'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.6738',
'article-title': 'Potential Effects of Curcumin in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection',
'volume': '34',
'author': 'Zahedipour',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Phytother Res'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-4',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '104503',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jff.2021.104503',
'article-title': 'Promising Role of Curcumin against Viral Diseases Emphasizing COVID-19 '
'Management: A Review on the Mechanistic Insights with Reference to '
'Host-pathogen Interaction and Immunomodulation',
'volume': '82',
'author': 'Dhar',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J Funct Foods'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-5',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '270',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7',
'article-title': 'A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat '
'Origin',
'volume': '579',
'author': 'Zhou',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Nature'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-6',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': 'e54305',
'DOI': '10.15252/embr.202154305',
'article-title': 'ADAM10 and ADAM17 Promote SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry and Spike '
'Protein-mediated Lung Cell Fusion',
'volume': '23',
'author': 'Jocher',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'EMBO Rep'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-7',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '355',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4',
'article-title': 'Pathological Inflammation in Patients with COVID-19: A Key Role for '
'Monocytes and Macrophages',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Merad',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-8',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '497',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5',
'article-title': 'Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in '
'Wuhan, China',
'volume': '395',
'author': 'Huang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-9',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1033',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0',
'article-title': 'COVID-19: Consider Cytokine Storm Syndromes and Immunosuppression',
'volume': '395',
'author': 'Mehta',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-10',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '195',
'DOI': '10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8',
'article-title': 'Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials',
'volume': '15',
'author': 'Gupta',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'AAPS J'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-11',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '92',
'DOI': '10.3390/foods6100092',
'article-title': 'Curcumin: A Review of its Effects on Human Health',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Hewlings',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Foods'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-12',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1',
'DOI': '10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_1',
'article-title': 'Curcumin: The Indian Solid Gold',
'volume': '595',
'author': 'Aggarwal',
'year': '2007',
'journal-title': 'Adv Exp Med Biol'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-13',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '89',
'DOI': '10.1080/10408398.2017.1358139',
'article-title': 'Immune Modulation by Curcumin: The Role of Interleukin-10',
'volume': '59',
'author': 'Mollazadeh',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-14',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '469',
'DOI': '10.3892/ijmm.19.3.469',
'article-title': 'Curcumin Attenuates the Expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-Alpha as '
'Well as Cyclin E in TNF-alpha-Treated HaCaT Cells; NF-kappaB and MAPKs '
'as Potential Upstream Targets',
'volume': '19',
'author': 'Cho',
'year': '2007',
'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Med'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-15',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1242',
'DOI': '10.3390/v12111242',
'article-title': 'Curcumin as an Antiviral Agent',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Jennings',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Viruses'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-16',
'first-page': '2895',
'article-title': 'Phase I Clinical Trial of Curcumin, a Chemopreventive agent, in '
'Patients with High-risk or Pre-malignant Lesions',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'Cheng',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Anticancer Res'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-17',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '6465',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.003',
'article-title': 'RAAS, ACE2 and COVID-19; a Mechanistic Review',
'volume': '28',
'author': 'Elshafei',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Saudi J Biol Sci'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-18',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '332',
'DOI': '10.1159/000287230',
'article-title': 'Curcumin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-beta Activity via '
'Inhibition of Smad Signaling in HK-2 Cells',
'volume': '31',
'author': 'Hu',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Am J Nephrol'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-19',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '105552',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105552',
'article-title': 'Curcumin Inhibits Spike Protein of New SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern '
'(VOC) Omicron, an in silico study',
'volume': '146',
'author': 'Nag',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Comput Biol Med'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-20',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1177932220965505',
'DOI': '10.1177/1177932220965505',
'article-title': 'Targeting the GRP78-Dependant SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry by Peptides and '
'Small Molecules',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Allam',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Bioinform Biol Insights'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-21',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1503',
'DOI': '10.3390/foods10071503',
'article-title': 'Potential In vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against '
'SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CL(Pro)) Activity',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Guijarro-Real',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Foods'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-22',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1914',
'DOI': '10.3390/v13101914',
'article-title': 'Turmeric Root and its Bioactive Ingredient Curcumin Effectively '
'Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 In vitro',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Bormann',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Viruses'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-23',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': 'e13219',
'DOI': '10.1111/jfbc.13219',
'article-title': 'Immunomodulatory Effect of Curcumin on Hepatic Cirrhosis in '
'Experimental Rats',
'volume': '44',
'author': 'Abo-Zaid',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J Food Biochem'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-24',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': 'e15099',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0015099',
'article-title': 'Anti-inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol, Curcumin and Simvastatin in '
'Acute Small Intestinal Inflammation',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'Bereswill',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'PLoS One'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-25',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '109946',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109946',
'article-title': 'Curcumin Regulates the differentiation of Naïve CD4+T Cells and '
'Activates IL-10 Immune Modulation against Acute Lung Injury in Mice',
'volume': '125',
'author': 'Chai',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Biomed Pharmacother'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-26',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '669362',
'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2021.669362',
'article-title': 'Oral Curcumin with Piperine as Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of '
'COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Pawar',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-27',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '472',
'DOI': '10.1186/s13063-022-06375-w',
'article-title': 'The Efficacy of Curcumin-piperine Cosupplementation on Clinical '
'Symptoms, Duration, Severity, and Inflammatory Factors in COVID-19 '
'Outpatients: A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial',
'volume': '23',
'author': 'Askari',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Trials'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-28',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1023',
'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.7375',
'article-title': 'Anti-inflammatory Potential of Nano-curcumin as an Alternative '
'Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Mild-to-moderate Hospitalized '
'COVID-19 Patients in a Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial',
'volume': '36',
'author': 'Asadirad',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Phytother Res'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-29',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '6417',
'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.7294',
'article-title': 'A Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial to '
'Evaluate the Effect of Curcumin-containing Nanomicelles on Cellular '
'Immune Responses Subtypes and Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients',
'volume': '35',
'author': 'Hassaniazad',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Phytother Res'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-30',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '807',
'DOI': '10.1021/mp700113r',
'article-title': 'Bioavailability of Curcumin: Problems and Promises',
'volume': '4',
'author': 'Anand',
'year': '2007',
'journal-title': 'Mol Pharm'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-31',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '2',
'DOI': '10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.2',
'article-title': 'Recent Developments in Delivery, Bioavailability, Absorption and '
'Metabolism of Curcumin: The Golden Pigment from Golden Spice',
'volume': '46',
'author': 'Prasad',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Cancer Res Treat'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-32',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1635',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.027',
'article-title': 'Curcumin-decorated Nanoliposomes with Very High Affinity for '
'Amyloid-β-1-42 Peptide',
'volume': '32',
'author': 'Mourtas',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'Biomaterials'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-33',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '45',
'DOI': '10.1177/014860710603000145',
'article-title': 'Curcumin, an Atoxic Antioxidant and Natural NFkappaB, Cyclooxygenase-2, '
'Lipooxygenase, and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor: A Shield '
'Against Acute and Chronic Diseases',
'volume': '30',
'author': 'Bengmark',
'year': '2006',
'journal-title': 'JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-34',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '526',
'DOI': '10.4103/0253-7613.84961',
'article-title': 'An Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antinociceptive '
'Activities of Essential Oil from Curcuma longa',
'volume': '43',
'author': 'Liju',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'L. Indian J Pharmacol'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-35',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '353',
'DOI': '10.1055/s-2006-957450',
'article-title': 'Influence of Piperine on the Pharmacokinetics of Curcumin in Animals '
'and Human Volunteers',
'volume': '64',
'author': 'Shoba',
'year': '1998',
'journal-title': 'Planta Med'},
{ 'key': '10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023/ref-36',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '876',
'DOI': '10.1186/s13063-020-04824-y',
'article-title': 'The Clinical Effect of Nano Micelles Containing Curcumin as a '
'Therapeutic Supplement in Patients with COVID-19 and the Immune '
'Responses Balance Changes Following Treatment: A Structured Summary of '
'a Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'Hassaniazad',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Trials'}],
'container-title': 'Global Journal of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Update',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://gjmpbu.org/curcumin-as-a-promising-therapy-for-covid-19-a-review/',
'content-type': 'text/html',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'},
{ 'URL': 'https://gjmpbu.org/curcumin-as-a-promising-therapy-for-covid-19-a-review/',
'content-type': 'unspecified',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]],
'date-time': '2024-05-04T11:25:58Z',
'timestamp': 1714821958000},
'score': 1,
'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://gjmpbu.org/curcumin-as-a-promising-therapy-for-covid-19-a-review/'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]]},
'references-count': 36,
'alternative-id': ['10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2765-8910'],
'subject': [],
'container-title-short': 'GJMPBU',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 4]]},
'article-number': '2'}
