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Exploring autophagy in treating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-related pathology

Halma et al., Endocrine and Metabolic Science, doi:10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100163

Jan 2024

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Curcumin for COVID-19

15th treatment shown to reduce risk in February 2021, now with p = 0.0000000096 from 27 studies.

Lower risk for mortality, ventilation, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org

Review of autophagy pathways for treating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-related pathology. Authors note that the spike protein is implicated in long COVID and post-vaccination syndrome through mechanisms like inflammation, vascular damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Authors discuss the mechanisms by which fasting and other interventions can upregulate autophagy to clear spike protein aggregates and improve mitochondrial function.

Reviews covering curcumin for COVID-19 include1-13.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

1. Rajak et al., Antiallergic Implications of Curcumin During COVID-19: Current Status and Perspectives, Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants with Antiallergy Properties, doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1467-4_4.springer.com, doi.org.

2. Kali et al., Curcumin as a Promising Therapy for COVID-19: A Review, Global Journal of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Update, doi:10.25259/GJMPBU_78_2023.gjmpbu.org, doi.org.

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4. Yong et al., Natural Products-Based Inhaled Formulations for Treating Pulmonary Diseases, International Journal of Nanomedicine, doi:10.2147/ijn.s451206.dovepress.com, doi.org.

5. Halma et al., Exploring autophagy in treating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-related pathology, Endocrine and Metabolic Science, doi:10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100163.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

6. Arab et al., Immunoregulatory effects of nanocurcumin in inflammatory milieu: Focus on COVID-19, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116131.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

7. Daskou et al., The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections, Pathogens, doi:10.3390/pathogens13010039.mdpi.com, doi.org.

8. Law et al., Photodynamic Action of Curcumin and Methylene Blue against Bacteria and SARS-CoV-2—A Review, Pharmaceuticals, doi:10.3390/ph17010034.mdpi.com, doi.org.

9. Donzelli, A., Neglected Effective Early Therapies against COVID-19: Focus on Functional Foods and Related Active Substances. A Review, MDPI AG, doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1178.v1.preprints.org, doi.org.

10. Hulscher et al., Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination, Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.49204.cureus.com, doi.org.

11. Hegde et al., Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far?, ACS Omega, doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c07326.acs.org, doi.org.

12. Rattis et al., Curcumin as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19, Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.675287.frontiersin.org, doi.org.

13. Kritis et al., The combination of bromelain and curcumin as an immune-boosting nutraceutical in the prevention of severe COVID-19, Metabolism Open, doi:10.1016/j.metop.2020.100066.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

Halma et al., 30 Jan 2024, peer-reviewed, 3 authors. Contact: matt@worldcouncilforhealth.org, pmarik@flccc.net, dr.saleeby@carolinaholisticmedicine.com.

This Paper Curcumin All

Exploring autophagy in treating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-related pathology

Matthew T J Halma, Paul E Marik, Yusuf M Saleeby

Endocrine and Metabolic Science, doi:10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100163

Fasting, a practice with historical roots in various cultures, has recently garnered significant interest in the field of medicine. In this article, we delve into the mechanisms underlying fasting-induced autophagy and its therapeutic applications for spike protein associated pathology. We explore the therapeutic potential of fasting on spike protein-related pathology and the role of interventions to upregulate autophagy, including compounds like spermidine, resveratrol, rapamycin, and metformin. In conclusion, fasting, coupled with an understanding of its nuances, holds promise as a therapeutic intervention for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein related diseases; with broad implications for human health. This review presents the therapeutic possibility of using autophagy to treat spike protein related diseases, and details the interventions to deploy this therapeutic modality.

Institutional review board statement Not applicable. CRediT authorship contribution Declaration of competing interest M.T.J.H. is a member of the World Council for Health, a non-profit health advocacy organization. P.E.M. is the founder of the Frontline Covid-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC). Y.M.S. is the medical director for Carolina Holistic Medicine and a member of the FLCCC.

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