Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps
Olivia G Camp, David Bai, Damla C Gonullu, Neha Nayak, Husam M Abu-Soud
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546
Recent studies have shown a correlation between COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the distinct, exaggerated immune response titled "cytokine storm". This immune response leads to excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause clinical signs characteristic of COVID-19 such as decreased oxygen saturation, alteration of hemoglobin properties, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vasoconstriction, elevated cytokines, cardiac and/or renal injury, enhanced D-dimer, leukocytosis, and an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Particularly, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is thought to be especially abundant and, as a result, contributes substantially to oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Conversely, melatonin, a potent MPO inhibitor, has been noted for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective actions. Melatonin has been proposed as a safe therapeutic agent for COVID-19 recently, having been given with a US Food and Drug Administration emergency authorized cocktail, REGEN-COV2, for management of COVID-19 progression. This review distinctly highlights both how the destructive interactions of HOCl with tetrapyrrole rings may contribute to oxygen deficiency and hypoxia, vitamin B12 deficiency, NO deficiency, increased oxidative stress, and sleep disturbance, as well as how melatonin acts to prevent these events, thereby improving COVID-19 prognosis.
References
Abu-Soud, Hazen, None, Biochemistry
Abu-Soud, Hazen, None, J. Biol. Chem
Abu-Soud, Maitra, Byun, Souza, Banerjee et al., None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Abu-Soud, Maitra, Shaeib, Khan, Byun et al., None, J. Inorg. Biochem
Ali, Khan, Chatzicharalampous, Bai, Abu-Soud, None, J. Inorg. Biochem
Andersen, Gogenur, Rosenberg, Reiter, None, Clin. Drug Investig
Anderson, Reiter, None, Rev. Med. Virol
Arroyo, Garcia-Martinez, Salvatella, None, J. Hepatol
Banerjee, Maitra, Diamond, Abu-Soud, None, J. Pineal Res
Banerjee, Ragsdale, None, Annu. Rev. Biochem
Beckman, Chen, Ischiropoulos, Crow, None, Methods Enzymol
Bjornsdottir, Welin, Michaelsson, Osla, Berg et al., None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Bonini, Siraki, Atanassov, Mason, None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Bonnefont-Rousselot, Collin, None, Toxicology
Burner, Furtmuller, Kettle, Koppenol, Obinger, None, J. Biol. Chem
Cardinali, Brown, Pandi-Perumal, None, Diseases
Carrillo-Vico, Guerrero, Lardone, Reiter, None, Endocrine
Collin, None, Int. J. Mol. Sci
Davies, Hawkins, Pattison, Rees, None, Antioxid. Redox Signal
De Pinho, Da Silva, De Castro Cortes, Da Silva Vasconcelos, Sousa et al., None, Exp. Parasitol
Dondorp, Hayat, Aryal, Beane, Schultz, None, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg
Fang, Jiang, Su, Shu, Liu et al., None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Floris, Wever, None, Eur. J. Biochem
Forstermann, Sessa, None, Eur. Heart J
Franchina, Dostert, Brenner, None, Trends Immunol
Furtmuller, Burner, Jantschko, Regelsberger, Obinger, None, Redox Rep
Galano, Tan, Reiter, None, J. Pineal Res
Galijasevic, Abdulhamid, Abu-Soud, None, Biochemistry
Galijasevic, Abdulhamid, Abu-Soud, None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Gebicka, Banasiak, None, Toxicol. in Vitro
Gomez, Raba, Cerutti, Silva, None, J. Pineal Res
Goud, Bai, Abu-Soud, None, Int. J. Biol. Sci
Grisham, Jefferson, Thomas, None, J. Biol. Chem
Gulcin, Buyukokuroglu, Kufrevioglu, None, J. Pineal Res
Hallingback, Gabdoulline, Wade, None, Biochemistry
Halliwell, None, Br. J. Exp. Pathol
Hardeland, None, J. Pineal Res
Hawkins, Brown, Davies, None, Arch. Biochem. Biophys
Ikeda, Asai, Moriya, Sagara, Inoue et al., None, Brain Res
Jacob, None, Clin. Immunol
Jeelani, Maitra, Chatzicharalampous, Najeemuddin, Morris et al., None, J. Pineal Res
Johnson, Fatemi, Winlow, None, Front. Cardiovasc. Med
Jomova, Valko, None, Toxicology
Jovic, Ali, Ibrahim, Jessop, Tarassoli et al., None, Nutrients
Kettle, Albrett, Chapman, Dickerhof, Forbes et al., None, Biochim. Biophys. Acta
Khomich, Kochetkov, Bartosch, Ivanov, None, Viruses
Klinger, Abman, Gladwin, None, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med
Kohgo, Ikuta, Ohtake, Torimoto, Kato, None, Int. J. Hematol
Koyuncu, Budayeva, Miteva, Ricci, Silhavy et al., None, mBio
Li, Raman, Glaser, Blasko, Young et al., None, J. Biol. Chem
Liu, Zhou, Yang, None, Cell. Mol. Immunol
Lu, Galijasevic, Abdulhamid, Abu-Soud, None, Br. J. Pharmacol
Maitra, Abdulhamid, Diamond, Saed, Abu-Soud, None, J. Pineal Res
Maitra, Ali, Abdulridha, Shaeib, Khan et al., None, PLoS One
Maitra, Byun, Andreana, Abdulhamid, Diamond et al., None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Maitra, Byun, Andreana, Abdulhamid, Saed et al., None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Maitra, Shaeib, Abdulhamid, Abdulridha, Saed et al., None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Miller, Pandi-Perumal, Esquifino, Cardinali, Maestroni, None, Int. J. Exp. Pathol
Minigh, XPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference
Molteni, Principi, Esposito, None, Free Radic. Res
Nybo, Davies, Rogowska-Wrzesinska, None, Redox Biol
O'leary, Samman, None, Nutrients
Ogino, Than, Hosako, Ozaki, Omori et al., None, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol
Ong, Halliwell, None, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci
Parker, Winterbourn, None, Front. Immunol
Pattison, Davies, None, Chem. Res. Toxicol
Pedrosa, Weinlich, Mognol, Robbs, Viola et al., None, J. Immunol
Pennathur, Maitra, Byun, Sliskovic, Abdulhamid et al., None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Pieretti, Rubilar, Weller, Tortella, Seabra, None, Virus Res
Podrez, Abu-Soud, Hazen, None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Pullar, Vissers, Winterbourn, None, IUBMB Life
Qin, Li, Zhu, Gao, Fan et al., None, Aging
Ramlall, Zucker, Tatonetti, None, medRxiv
Reiter, Abreu-Gonzalez, Marik, Dominguez-Rodriguez, None, Front. Med
Reiter, Korkmaz, Ma, Rosales-Corral, Tan, None, Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res
Reiter, Mayo, Tan, Sainz, Alatorre-Jimenez et al., None, J. Pineal Res
Rudra, Pal, Maiti, Reiter, Swarnakar, None, J. Pineal Res
Schonrich, Raftery, Samstag, None, Adv. Biol. Regul
Sethuram, Bai, Abu-Soud, Potential role of zinc in the COVID-19 disease process and its probable impact on reproduction, Reprod. Sci,
doi:10.1007/s43032-020-00400-6Seyoum, Enawgaw, Melku, None, Thromb. J
Shaeib, Banerjee, Maitra, Diamond, Abu-Soud, None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Shaeib, Khan, Ali, Najafi, Maitra et al., None, PLoS One
Shahbaz, Xu, Osman, Sligl, Shields et al., None, Stem Cell Reports
Shakoor, Feehan, Mikkelsen, Al Dhaheri, Ali et al., None, Maturitas
Shang, Xu, Wu, Jiang, Wu et al., None, Chin. Med. J
Siwik, Colucci, None, Heart Fail. Rev
Sliskovic, Abdulhamid, Sharma, Abu-Soud, None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Solun, Shoenfeld, None, Med. Drug Discov
Souza, Maitra, Saed, Diamond, Moura et al., None, PLoS One
Stocker, Keaney, None, Physiol. Rev
Stover, None, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care
Summers, Morgan, Davies, Hawkins, None, Chem. Res. Toxicol
Sun, Lee, Kao, Chiang, Sung et al., None, J. Pineal Res
Tan, Ho, Kalimuddin, Cherng, Teh et al., None, Nutrition
Tay, Poh, Renia, Macary, Ng, None, Nat. Rev. Immunol
Trinder, Fox, Vautier, Olynyk, None, Gut
Ueland, Holter, Holten, Muller, Lind et al., None, J. Inf. Secur
Ulfig, Bader, Varatnitskaya, Lupilov, Winklhofer et al., None, Redox Biol
Ulfig, Leichert, None, Cell. Mol. Life Sci
Vissers, Stern, Kuypers, Van Den Berg, Winterbourn, None, Free Radic. Biol. Med
Wade, Ford, Crawford, Mcconnachie, Nir et al., None, BMC Med
Williamson, Walker, Bhaskaran, Bacon, Bates et al., None, Nature
Ximenes, Silva, Rodrigues, Catalani, Maghzal et al., None, J. Biol. Chem
Zavodnik, Lapshina, Zavodnik, Soszynski, Bartosz et al., None, Bioelectrochemistry
Zhang, He, Chen, Su, Yan et al., None, Aging
Zhang, Tecson, Mccullough, None, Rev. Cardiovasc. Med
Zhang, Wang, Ni, Di, Ma et al., None, Life Sci
Zhou, Hou, Shen, Mehra, Kallianpur et al., None, PLoS Biol
Zou, Shi, Cohen, None, J. Clin. Invest
{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 12, 18]],
'date-time': '2021-12-18T22:00:13Z',
'timestamp': 1639864813644},
'reference-count': 109,
'publisher': 'Elsevier BV',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 1]],
'date-time': '2021-10-01T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1633046400000},
'content-version': 'tdm',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}],
'content-domain': {'domain': ['elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True},
'short-container-title': ['Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry'],
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10]]},
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 7, 17]], 'date-time': '2021-07-17T06:23:06Z', 'timestamp': 1626502986000},
'page': '111546',
'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 1,
'title': ['Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps'],
'prefix': '10.1016',
'volume': '223',
'author': [ {'given': 'Olivia G.', 'family': 'Camp', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'David', 'family': 'Bai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Damla C.', 'family': 'Gonullu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Neha', 'family': 'Nayak', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Husam M.', 'family': 'Abu-Soud', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}],
'member': '78',
'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0005',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '62',
'DOI': '10.7150/ijbs.51811',
'volume': '17',
'author': 'Goud',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Biol. Sci.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0010',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1191',
'DOI': '10.4269/ajtmh.20-0283',
'volume': '102',
'author': 'Dondorp',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0015',
'first-page': '424',
'volume': '3',
'author': 'Parker',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0020',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1024',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.398',
'volume': '89',
'author': 'Bjornsdottir',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0025',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1717',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00229-X',
'volume': '28',
'author': 'Podrez',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0030',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1199',
'DOI': '10.1089/ars.2007.1927',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Davies',
'year': '2008',
'journal-title': 'Antioxid. Redox Signal.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0035',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '259',
'DOI': '10.1080/15216540051080958',
'volume': '50',
'author': 'Pullar',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'IUBMB Life'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0040',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Maitra',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'PLoS One',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0110595'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0045',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '781',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.004',
'volume': '1840',
'author': 'Kettle',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Biochim. Biophys. Acta'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0050',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '385',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y',
'volume': '78',
'author': 'Ulfig',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Cell. Mol. Life Sci.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0055',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '530',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.11.019',
'volume': '42',
'author': 'Bonini',
'year': '2007',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0060',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '374',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.011',
'volume': '51',
'author': 'Maitra',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0065',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '364',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.040',
'volume': '51',
'author': 'Maitra',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0070',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '616',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.496',
'volume': '52',
'author': 'Abu-Soud',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0075',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Souza',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'PLoS One'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0080',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '817',
'DOI': '10.1172/JCI0214442',
'volume': '109',
'author': 'Zou',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Invest.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0085',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '229',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33026-3',
'volume': '233',
'author': 'Beckman',
'year': '1994',
'journal-title': 'Methods Enzymol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0090',
'first-page': '737',
'volume': '70',
'author': 'Halliwell',
'year': '1989',
'journal-title': 'Br. J. Exp. Pathol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0095',
'volume': '18',
'author': 'Zhou',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'PLoS Biol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0100',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '226',
'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2020.00226',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Reiter',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front. Med. (Lausanne)'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0105',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '117583',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117583',
'volume': '250',
'author': 'Zhang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Life Sci.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0110',
'author': 'Ramlall',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'medRxiv'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0115',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2668',
'DOI': '10.1021/bi702016q',
'volume': '47',
'author': 'Galijasevic',
'year': '2008',
'journal-title': 'Biochemistry'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0120',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1308',
'DOI': '10.1038/bjp.2008.173',
'volume': '154',
'author': 'Lu',
'year': '2008',
'journal-title': 'Br. J. Pharmacol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0125',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '8',
'author': 'Cardinali',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Diseases',
'DOI': '10.3390/diseases8040044'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0130',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '55',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.tox.2010.04.008',
'volume': '278',
'author': 'Bonnefont-Rousselot',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Toxicology'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0135',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00916.x',
'volume': '51',
'author': 'Galano',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0140',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '253',
'DOI': '10.1111/jpi.12360',
'volume': '61',
'author': 'Reiter',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0145',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '51',
'DOI': '10.1186/1741-7015-8-51',
'volume': '8',
'author': 'Wade',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'BMC Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0150',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '169',
'DOI': '10.1007/s40261-015-0368-5',
'volume': '36',
'author': 'Andersen',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Clin. Drug Investig.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0155',
'first-page': '1',
'article-title': 'Potential role of zinc in the COVID-19 disease process and its probable '
'impact on reproduction',
'author': 'Sethuram',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Reprod. Sci.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0160',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '154',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.007',
'volume': '58',
'author': 'Shaeib',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0165',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Collin',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Mol. Sci.',
'DOI': '10.3390/ijms20102407'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0170',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '37524',
'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.275.48.37524',
'volume': '275',
'author': 'Abu-Soud',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'J. Biol. Chem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0175',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '20597',
'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M000181200',
'volume': '275',
'author': 'Burner',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'J. Biol. Chem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0180',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1832',
'DOI': '10.1021/tx8001719',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'Summers',
'year': '2008',
'journal-title': 'Chem. Res. Toxicol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0185',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1381',
'DOI': '10.1152/physrev.00047.2003',
'volume': '84',
'author': 'Stocker',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'Physiol. Rev.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0190',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '90',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.009',
'volume': '63',
'author': 'Maitra',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0195',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '363',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Tay',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Nat. Rev. Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0200',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Khomich',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Viruses',
'DOI': '10.3390/v10080392'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0205',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '3',
'DOI': '10.1038/cmi.2015.74',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Liu',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Cell. Mol. Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0210',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '697',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17097.x',
'volume': '207',
'author': 'Floris',
'year': '1992',
'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Biochem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0215',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1453',
'DOI': '10.1021/tx0155451',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Pattison',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Chem. Res. Toxicol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0220',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '173',
'DOI': '10.1179/135100000101535717',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'Furtmuller',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'Redox Rep.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0225',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '101236',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.redox.2019.101236',
'volume': '26',
'author': 'Nybo',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Redox Biol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0230',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1165',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.001',
'volume': '16',
'author': 'Shahbaz',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Stem Cell Reports'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0235',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '315',
'DOI': '10.31083/j.rcm.2020.03.126',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'Zhang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0240',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '137',
'DOI': '10.1006/abbi.2001.2581',
'volume': '395',
'author': 'Hawkins',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Arch. Biochem. Biophys.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0245',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '703',
'DOI': '10.1016/0891-5849(94)90185-6',
'volume': '16',
'author': 'Vissers',
'year': '1994',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0250',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '127',
'DOI': '10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00126-8',
'volume': '58',
'author': 'Zavodnik',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'Bioelectrochemistry'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0255',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '6757',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39793-4',
'volume': '259',
'author': 'Grisham',
'year': '1984',
'journal-title': 'J. Biol. Chem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0260',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '198',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.00988.x',
'volume': '53',
'author': 'Maitra',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0265',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Shaeib',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'PLoS One',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0120737'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0270',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '64',
'author': 'Jeelani',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.',
'DOI': '10.1111/jpi.12463'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0275',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '245',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.06.018',
'volume': '140',
'author': 'Abu-Soud',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'J. Inorg. Biochem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0280',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '101981',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.redox.2021.101981',
'volume': '43',
'author': 'Ulfig',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Redox Biol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0285',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '153',
'DOI': '10.3389/fcvm.2020.00153',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Johnson',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front. Cardiovasc. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0290',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '396',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.012',
'volume': '61',
'author': 'Arroyo',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'J. Hepatol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0295',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '924',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.010',
'volume': '26',
'author': 'Gebicka',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Toxicol. in Vitro'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0300',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '829',
'DOI': '10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304',
'volume': '33',
'author': 'Forstermann',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Eur. Heart J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0305',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '639',
'DOI': '10.1164/rccm.201304-0686PP',
'volume': '188',
'author': 'Klinger',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0310',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '153',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.008',
'volume': '163',
'author': 'Fang',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0315',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '198202',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198202',
'volume': '291',
'author': 'Pieretti',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Virus Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0320',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '110706',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110706',
'volume': '197',
'author': 'Ali',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'J. Inorg. Biochem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0325',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '51',
'DOI': '10.1196/annals.1306.005',
'volume': '1012',
'author': 'Ong',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0330',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '290',
'DOI': '10.1136/gut.51.2.290',
'volume': '51',
'author': 'Trinder',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'Gut'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0335',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '7',
'DOI': '10.1007/s12185-008-0120-5',
'volume': '88',
'author': 'Kohgo',
'year': '2008',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Hematol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0340',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Jovic',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Nutrients',
'DOI': '10.3390/nu12092550'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0345',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '108',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.007',
'volume': '144',
'author': 'Shakoor',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Maturitas'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0350',
'volume': '79–80',
'author': 'Tan',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Nutrition'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0355',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '299',
'DOI': '10.3390/nu2030299',
'volume': '2',
'author': "O'Leary",
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Nutrients'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0360',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '430',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4',
'volume': '584',
'author': 'Williamson',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Nature'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0365',
'series-title': 'XPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference',
'first-page': '1',
'author': 'Minigh',
'year': '2007'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0370',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '209',
'DOI': '10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161828',
'volume': '72',
'author': 'Banerjee',
'year': '2003',
'journal-title': 'Annu. Rev. Biochem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0375',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '205',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.003',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'Pennathur',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0380',
'first-page': 'e41',
'volume': '81',
'author': 'Ueland',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Inf. Secur.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0385',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '43',
'DOI': '10.1023/B:HREV.0000011393.40674.13',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Siwik',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'Heart Fail. Rev.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0390',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '72',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.003',
'volume': '147',
'author': 'de Pinho',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Exp. Parasitol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0395',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '11391',
'DOI': '10.18632/aging.102537',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Qin',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Aging (Albany NY)'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0400',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '10499',
'DOI': '10.18632/aging.102472',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Zhang',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Aging (Albany NY)'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0405',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '21276',
'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.274.30.21276',
'volume': '274',
'author': 'Li',
'year': '1999',
'journal-title': 'J. Biol. Chem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0410',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '65',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001',
'volume': '283',
'author': 'Jomova',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'Toxicology'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0415',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '77',
'author': 'Schonrich',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Adv. Biol. Regul.',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100741'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0420',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1570',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.003',
'volume': '44',
'author': 'Galijasevic',
'year': '2008',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0425',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '38160',
'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M506384200',
'volume': '280',
'author': 'Ximenes',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'J. Biol. Chem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0430',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2940',
'DOI': '10.1021/bi051510e',
'volume': '45',
'author': 'Hallingback',
'year': '2006',
'journal-title': 'Biochemistry'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0435',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '16',
'DOI': '10.1186/s12959-018-0170-8',
'volume': '16',
'author': 'Seyoum',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Thromb. J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0440',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1163',
'DOI': '10.3109/10715762.2014.945443',
'volume': '48',
'author': 'Molteni',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0445',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '489',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.it.2018.01.005',
'volume': '39',
'author': 'Franchina',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Trends Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0450',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '108591',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.clim.2020.108591',
'volume': '220',
'author': 'Jacob',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Clin. Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0455',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '7',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.002',
'volume': '751',
'author': 'Reiter',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0460',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '349',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00949.x',
'volume': '52',
'author': 'Gomez',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0465',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '189',
'DOI': '10.1385/ENDO:27:2:189',
'volume': '27',
'author': 'Carrillo-Vico',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'Endocrine'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0470',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '278',
'DOI': '10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.00042.x',
'volume': '34',
'author': 'Gulcin',
'year': '2003',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0475',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '122',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.00977.x',
'volume': '53',
'author': 'Banerjee',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0480',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '451',
'DOI': '10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_47',
'volume': '643',
'author': 'Ogino',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0485',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '398',
'DOI': '10.1111/jpi.12034',
'volume': '54',
'author': 'Rudra',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0490',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Solun',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Med. Drug Discov.',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100052'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0495',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '137',
'DOI': '10.1111/jpi.12199',
'volume': '58',
'author': 'Sun',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0500',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '24',
'DOI': '10.1097/MCO.0b013e328333d157',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Stover',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0505',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '98',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00262-5',
'volume': '795',
'author': 'Ikeda',
'year': '1998',
'journal-title': 'Brain Res.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0510',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '65',
'author': 'Hardeland',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'J. Pineal Res.',
'DOI': '10.1111/jpi.12525'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0515',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '30',
'author': 'Anderson',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Rev. Med. Virol.',
'DOI': '10.1002/rmv.2109'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0520',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'Koyuncu',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'mBio',
'DOI': '10.1128/mBio.02249-14'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0525',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '3487',
'DOI': '10.4049/jimmunol.0902961',
'volume': '184',
'author': 'Pedrosa',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'J. Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0530',
'first-page': '1388',
'volume': '122',
'author': 'Shang',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Chin. Med. J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0535',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '81',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.0959-9673.2006.00474.x',
'volume': '87',
'author': 'Miller',
'year': '2006',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Exp. Pathol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0540',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '10747',
'DOI': '10.1021/bi010478v',
'volume': '40',
'author': 'Abu-Soud',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Biochemistry'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546_bb0545',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1005',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.007',
'volume': '47',
'author': 'Sliskovic',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Free Radic. Biol. Med.'}],
'container-title': ['Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry'],
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0162013421001938?httpAccept=text/xml',
'content-type': 'text/xml',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'},
{ 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0162013421001938?httpAccept=text/plain',
'content-type': 'text/plain',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 8, 28]],
'date-time': '2021-08-28T15:46:29Z',
'timestamp': 1630165589000},
'score': 1,
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10]]},
'references-count': 109,
'alternative-id': ['S0162013421001938'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['0162-0134'],
'issn-type': [{'value': '0162-0134', 'type': 'print'}],
'subject': ['Inorganic Chemistry', 'Biochemistry'],
'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10]]},
'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'},
{ 'value': 'Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps',
'name': 'articletitle',
'label': 'Article Title'},
{ 'value': 'Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry',
'name': 'journaltitle',
'label': 'Journal Title'},
{ 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546',
'name': 'articlelink',
'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'},
{'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'},
{ 'value': '© 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.',
'name': 'copyright',
'label': 'Copyright'}],
'article-number': '111546'}
