Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
Castle et al.,
Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin..,
Journal of Inflammation Research, doi:10.2147/JIR.S323356 (Review)
Review of the effects of COVID-19 on inflammatory markers, and the effects on those markers of standard treatments vs. vitamin D, melatonin, and meditation, showing comparable or superior effects with the non-standard treatments. The standard treatments in this study were remdesivir and tocilizumab. We note that standard treatments vary widely around the world, for example vitamin D is a standard treatment in many locations.
Castle et al., 22 Sep 2021, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
Abstract: Journal of Inflammation Research
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Implications for Systemic Approaches to
COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab,
Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
Ryan D Castle 1
Michelle A Williams 2
William C Bushell 3
J Adam Rindfleisch 4
Christine Tara Peterson 5
James Marzolf 6
Kimberly Brouwer 7
Paul J Mills 8
1
Science Division, Whole Health
Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA; 2Harvard
T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Department of Global Health and
Population, Harvard University, Boston,
MA, USA; 3Science Division, Whole
Health Institute, New York, NY, USA;
4
Education Department, Whole Health
School of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Bentonville, AR, USA; 5Center of
Excellence for Research and Training in
Integrative Health, Department of Family
Medicine, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, CA, USA;
6
Health Sector Finance & Policy, Whole
Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA;
7
Herbert Wertheim School of Public
Health and Human Longevity Science,
University of California, San Diego, CA,
USA; 8Herbert Wertheim School of
Public Health and Human Longevity
Science, Center of Excellence for
Research and Training in Integrative
Health, University of California, San
Diego, CA, USA
Correspondence: Ryan D Castle
Science Division, Whole Health Institute,
900 McClain Road, Bentonville, AR,
72712, USA
Email rcastle@wholehealth.org
Introduction: COVID-19 poses a chronic threat to inflammatory systems, reinforcing the
need for efficient anti-inflammatory strategies. The purpose of this review and analysis was
to determine the efficacy of various interventions upon the inflammatory markers most
affected by COVID-19. The focus was on the markers associated with COVID-19, not the
etiology of the virus itself.
Methods: Based on 27 reviewed papers, information was extracted on the effects of
COVID-19 upon inflammatory markers, then the effects of standard treatments
(Remdesivir, Tocilizumab) and adjunctive interventions (vitamin D3, melatonin, and medita
tion) were extracted for those markers. These data were used to approximate effect sizes for
the disease or interventions via standardized mean differences (SMD).
Results: The data that were available indicated that adjunctive interventions affected 68.4%
of the inflammatory markers impacted by COVID-19, while standard pharmaceutical med
ication affected 26.3%.
Discussion: Nonstandard adjunctive care appeared to have comparable or superior effects in
comparison to Remdesivir and Tocilizumab on the inflammatory markers most impacted by
COVID-19. Alongside standards of care, melatonin, vitamin D3, and meditation should be
considered for treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
Keywords: COVID-19, inflammation, cytokine storm, effect size, antivirals, corticosteroids,
melatonin, vitamin D, meditation, whole health
castled
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and
treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should
be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention
is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not
provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified
physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and
benefits based on your medical history and situation.
FLCCC and
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