Melatonin may decrease risk for and aid treatment of COVID-19 and other RNA viral infections
Dr James J Dinicolantonio, Mark Mccarty, Jorge Barroso-Aranda
Open Heart, doi:10.1136/openhrt-2020-001568
A recent retrospective study has provided evidence that COVID-19 infection may be notably less common in those using supplemental melatonin. It is suggested that this phenomenon may reflect the fact that, via induction of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), melatonin can upregulate K63 polyubiquitination of the mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein, thereby boosting virally mediated induction of type 1 interferons. Moreover, Sirt1 may enhance the antiviral efficacy of type 1 interferons by preventing hyperacetylation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), enabling its retention in the nucleus, where it promotes transcription of interferon-inducible genes. This nuclear retention of HMGB1 may also be a mediator of the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin therapy in COVID-19-complementing melatonin's suppression of nuclear factor kappa B activity and upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. If these speculations are correct, a nutraceutical regimen including vitamin D, zinc and melatonin supplementation may have general utility for the prevention and treatment of RNA virus infections, such as COVID-19 and influenza.
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'notably less common in those using supplemental melatonin. It is suggested that this '
'phenomenon may reflect the fact that, via induction of silent information regulator 1 '
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'antiviral-signalling protein, thereby boosting virally mediated induction of type 1 '
'interferons. Moreover, Sirt1 may enhance the antiviral efficacy of type 1 interferons by '
'preventing hyperacetylation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), enabling its retention in '
'the nucleus, where it promotes transcription of interferon-inducible genes. This nuclear '
'retention of HMGB1 may also be a mediator of the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin '
'therapy in COVID-19—complementing melatonin’s suppression of nuclear factor kappa B activity '
'and upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. If these speculations are '
'correct, a nutraceutical regimen including vitamin D, zinc and melatonin supplementation may '
'have general utility for the prevention and treatment of RNA virus infections, such as '
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'journal-title': 'Melatonin Res.'}],
'container-title': 'Open Heart',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001568',
'content-type': 'unspecified',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 19]],
'date-time': '2021-03-19T16:18:17Z',
'timestamp': 1616170697000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://openheart.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001568'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3]]},
'references-count': 50,
'journal-issue': { 'issue': '1',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 19]]},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3]]}},
'alternative-id': ['10.1136/openhrt-2020-001568'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001568',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2053-3624'],
'subject': [],
'container-title-short': 'Open Heart',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3]]}}
