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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Key Emphasis on Melatonin Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy

Ramos et al., Antioxidants, doi:10.3390/antiox10071152
Jul 2021  
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Melatonin for COVID-19
10th treatment shown to reduce risk in December 2020
 
*, now known with p = 0.0000002 from 18 studies.
Lower risk for mortality, ventilation, and recovery.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
Review of melatonin for COVID-19 discussing mechanisms of action and ongoing trials.
Reviews covering melatonin for COVID-19 include Alomari, Behl, Camp, Castle, Charaa, Cross, DiNicolantonio, Hosseinzadeh, Langen, Lempesis, Loh, Ramos, Reiter, Reiter (B), Shneider, Tan, Zhang.
Ramos et al., 20 Jul 2021, peer-reviewed, 10 authors.
This PaperMelatoninAll
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Key Emphasis on Melatonin Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy
Eva Ramos, Francisco López-Muñoz, Emilio Gil-Martín, Javier Egea, Iris Álvarez-Merz, Sakshi Painuli, Prabhakar Semwal, Natália Martins, Jesús M Hernández-Guijo, Alejandro Romero
Antioxidants, doi:10.3390/antiox10071152
Viral infections constitute a tectonic convulsion in the normophysiology of the hosts. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not an exception, and therefore the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, like any other invading microbe, enacts a generalized immune response once the virus contacts the body. Melatonin is a systemic dealer that does not overlook any homeostasis disturbance, which consequently brings into play its cooperative triad, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulant backbone, to stop the infective cycle of SARS-CoV-2 or any other endogenous or exogenous threat. In COVID-19, the corporal propagation of SARS-CoV-2 involves an exacerbated oxidative activity and therefore the overproduction of great amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The endorsement of melatonin as a possible protective agent against the current pandemic is indirectly supported by its widely demonstrated beneficial role in preclinical and clinical studies of other respiratory diseases. In addition, focusing the therapeutic action on strengthening the host protection responses in critical phases of the infective cycle makes it likely that multi-tasking melatonin will provide multi-protection, maintaining its efficacy against the virus variants that are already emerging and will emerge as long as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate among us.
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