Activity of phytochemical constituents of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Andrographis paniculata against coronavirus (COVID-19): an in silico approach
Kalirajan Rajagopal, Potlapati Varakumar, Aparma Baliwada, Gowramma Byran
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x
Background: In early 2020, many scientists are rushing to discover novel drugs and vaccines against the coronavirus, and treatments for COVID-19, because coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a life-threatening viral disease, affected first in China and quickly spread throughout the world. In this article, in silico studies have been performed to explore the binding modes of chemical constituents for natural remedies like Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Andrographis paniculata against COVID-19 (PDB ID 5R82) targeting coronavirus using Schrodinger suit 2019-4. The molecular docking studies are performed by the Glide module, in silico ADMET screening was performed by the QikProp module, and binding energy of ligands was calculated using the Prime MM-GB/SA module. Results: The chemical constituents from turmeric like cyclocurcumin and curcumin and from Andrographis paniculata like andrographolide and dihydroxy dimethoxy flavone are significantly binding with the active site of SARS CoV-2 main protease with Glide score more than -6 when compared to the currently used drugs hydroxychloroquine (-5.47) and nelfinavir (-5.93). When compared to remdesivir (-6.38), cyclocurcumin from turmeric is significantly more active. The docking results of the compounds exhibited similar mode of interactions with SARS CoV-2. Main protease and the residues THR24, THR25, THR26, LEU27, SER46, MET49, HIE41, GLN189, ARG188, ASP187, MET165, HIE164, PHE181, and THR54 play a crucial role in binding with ligands. Conclusion: Based on in silico investigations, the chemical constituents from turmeric like cyclocurcumin and curcumin and from Andrographis paniculata like andrographolide and dihydroxy dimethoxy flavone, significantly binding with the active site of SARS CoV-2 main protease, may produce significant activity and be useful for further development.
Abbreviations COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; MM-GBSA: Molecular mechanicsgeneralized Born surface area; PDB: Protein data bank; OPLS3: Optimized potentials for liquid simulations; XP: Extra precision
Authors' contributions The authors KR and GB contributed to the technical and preparation of the manuscript. PV and BA contributed to the collection of literature and preparation of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript and ensure that this is the case.
Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable
Consent for publication Not applicable
Competing interests The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
References
Abe, Hashimoto, Horie, Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages, Pharmacol Res
Aggarwal, Kumar, Bharti, Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies, Anticancer Res
Akbar, Andrographis paniculata: a review of pharmacological activities and clinical effects, Altern Med Rev
Bhatia, Singh, Khanna, Effect of curcumin, its alkali salts and Curcuma longa oil in histamine-induced gastric ulceration, Indian J Exp Biol
Boopathi, Andrographis spp.: a source of bitter compounds for medicinal use, Anc Sci Life
Borhanuddin, Shamsuzzoha, Hussain, Hypoglycaemic effects of Andrographis paniculata Nees on nondiabetic rabbits, Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull
Calisher, Carroll, Colwell, Corley, Daszak et al., Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19, Lancet
Chaturvedi, Tomar, Tiwari, Singh, Clinical studies on Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) in infective hepatitis, J Int Inst Ayurveda
Cross, Chloroquine's use to treat COVID-19 is backed by US government, but many questions remain, Drug Dev
Dua, Ojha, Roy, Joshi, Valecha et al., Antimalarial activity of some xanthones isolated from the roots of Andrographis paniculata, J Ethnopharmacol
Friesner, Murphy, Repasky, Frye, Greenwood et al., Extra precision glide: docking and scoring incorporating a model of hydrophobic enclosure for protein-ligand complexes, J Med Chem
Gupta, Ghosh, Curcuma longa inhibits TNF-alpha induced expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Int J Immunopharmacol
Holshue, Debolt, Lindquist, Lindquist, Lofy et al., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States, N Engl J Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001191Huang, Herrmann, Fast assessment of human receptor-binding capability of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Bio Rxiv,
doi:10.1101/2020.02.01.930537Husen, Pihie, Nallappan, Screening for antihyperglycaemic activity in several local herbs of Malaysia, J Ethnopharmacol
Jacobson, Pincus, Rapp, Day, Honig et al., A hierarchical approach to all-atom protein loop prediction, Proteins
Jade, Suburb, Matthews, Hamzah, Lapis et al., Semisynthesis and in vitro anticancer activities of andrographolide analogues, Phytochem
Jarukamjorn, Nemoto, Pharmacological aspects of Andrographis paniculata on health and its major diterpenoid constituent andrographolide, J Health Sci
Kabir, Hasan, Rahman, Khan, Hoque et al., A survey of medicinal plants used by the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh, J Ethnobiol Ethnomed
Kalirajan, Gaurav, Pandiselvi, Gowramma, Sankar, Novel thiazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines: synthesis, antitumour activity and structure-activity relationships, Anti-Cancer Agents Med Chem,
doi:10.2174/1871520619666190408134224Kalirajan, Gowramma, Jubie, Sankar, Molecular docking studies and in silico ADMET screening of some novel heterocyclic substituted 9anilinoacridines as topoisomerase II inhibitors, JSM Chem
Kalirajan, Mohammed Rafick, Jubie, Sankar, Docking studies, synthesis, characterization and evaluation of their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some novel isoxazole substituted 9-anilinoacridine derivatives, Sci World J,
doi:10.1100/2012/165258Kalirajan, Mohammed Rafick, Sankar, Gowramma, Green synthesis of some novel chalcone and isoxazole substituted 9anilinoacridine derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial and larvicidal activities, Indian J Chem
Kalirajan, Muralidharan, Jubie, Gowramma, Gomathy et al., Synthesis of some novel pyrazole substituted 9anilinoacridine derivatives and evaluation for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, J Heterocyclic Chem
Kalirajan, Muralidharan, Jubie, Sankar, Microwave assisted synthesis, characterization and evaluation for their antimicrobial activities of some novel pyrazole substituted 9-anilino acridine derivatives, Int J Health Allied Sci
Kalirajan, Pandiselvi, Gowramma, Balachandran, In-silico design, ADMET screening, MM-GBSA binding free energy of some novel isoxazole substituted9-anilinoacridines as HER2 inhibitors targeting breast cancer, Curr Drug Res Rev
Kalirajan, Rathore, Jubie, Gowramma, Gomathy et al., Microwave assisted synthesis of some novel pyrazole substituted benzimidazoles and evaluation of their biological activities, Indian J Chem
Kalirajan, Sankar, Jubie, Docking studies, synthesis, characterization of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridine derivatives and evaluation for their anti-oxidant and anticancer activities as topo isomerase II inhibitors, Eur J Med Chem
Kalirajan, Sankar, Jubie, Gowramma, Molecular docking studies and in-silico ADMET screening of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as topoisomerase II inhibitors, Indian J Pharm Educ Res
Kalirajan, Vivek, Sankar, Synthesis, characterization and evaluation for antitumour activity of some novel oxazine substituted 9anilinoacridines and their 3D-QSAR studies, Indian J Pharm Sci
Kim, Park, Kim, Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) that protect PC12 rat pheochromocytoma and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells from betaA(1-42) insult, Neurosci Lett
Kuroda, Mimaki, Nishiyama, Kishida, Tsukagawa, Hypoglycemic effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. Rhizomes) on genetically diabetic KK-A y mice, Biol Pharm Bull
Li, Abel, Zhu, Cao, Zhao et al., The VSGB 2.0 model: a next generation energy model for high resolution protein structure modelling, Proteins
Lu, Zhao, Li, Niu, Yang et al., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding, Lancet,
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8Parichatikanond, Suthisisang, Dhepakson, Herunsalee, Study of anti-inflammatory activities of the pure compounds from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and their effects on gene expression, Int Immunopharmacol
Parthasarathy, Chempakam, Zachariah, Chemistry of spices. United Kingdom
Prakash, Misra, Surin, Jain, Bhatta et al., Anti-platelet effects of Curcuma oil in experimental models of myocardial ischemiareperfusion and thrombosis, Thromb Res,
doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2010.11.007Ramirez-Tortosa, Mesa, Aguilera, Quiles, Baro et al., Oral administration of a turmeric extract inhibits LDL oxidation and has hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis, Atherosclerosis
Sastry, Adzhigirey, Day, Annabhimoju, Sherman, Protein and ligand preparation: parameters, protocols, and influence on virtual screening enrichments, J Comp Aided Mol Design
Srivastava, Dikshit, Srimal, Dhawan, Anti-thrombotic effect of curcumin, Thromb Res
To, Tsang, Yip, Chan, Wu et al., Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva, Clin Infect Dis,
doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa149Wang, Hu, Hu, Xiong, Zhao et al., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA,
doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585Zhang, Kang, Gong, Xu, Wang et al., The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes, bioRxiv,
doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927806Zhou, Hou, Shen, Huang, Martin et al., Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2, Cell Discov
{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 25]],
'date-time': '2023-11-25T05:59:22Z',
'timestamp': 1700891962425},
'reference-count': 49,
'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC',
'issue': '1',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 16]],
'date-time': '2020-10-16T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1602806400000},
'content-version': 'tdm',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'},
{ 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 16]],
'date-time': '2020-10-16T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1602806400000},
'content-version': 'vor',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}],
'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]},
'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n'
'<jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n'
'<jats:p>In early 2020, many scientists are rushing to discover novel drugs and vaccines '
'against the coronavirus, and treatments for COVID-19, because coronavirus disease 2019 '
'(COVID-19), a life-threatening viral disease, affected first in China and quickly spread '
'throughout the world. In this article, in silico studies have been performed to explore the '
'binding modes of chemical constituents for natural remedies like <jats:italic>Curcuma '
'longa</jats:italic> (turmeric) and <jats:italic>Andrographis paniculata</jats:italic> against '
'COVID-19 (PDB ID 5R82) targeting coronavirus using Schrodinger suit 2019-4. The molecular '
'docking studies are performed by the Glide module, in silico ADMET screening was performed by '
'the QikProp module, and binding energy of ligands was calculated using the Prime MM-GB/SA '
'module.</jats:p>\n'
'</jats:sec><jats:sec>\n'
'<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n'
'<jats:p>The chemical constituents from turmeric like cyclocurcumin and curcumin and from '
'<jats:italic>Andrographis paniculata</jats:italic> like andrographolide and dihydroxy '
'dimethoxy flavone are significantly binding with the active site of SARS CoV-2 main protease '
'with Glide score more than −\u20096 when compared to the currently used drugs '
'hydroxychloroquine (−\u20095.47) and nelfinavir (−\u20095.93). When compared to remdesivir '
'(−\u20096.38), cyclocurcumin from turmeric is significantly more active. The docking results '
'of the compounds exhibited similar mode of interactions with SARS CoV-2. Main protease and '
'the residues THR24, THR25, THR26, LEU27, SER46, MET49, HIE41, GLN189, ARG188, ASP187, MET165, '
'HIE164, PHE181, and THR54 play a crucial role in binding with ligands.</jats:p>\n'
'</jats:sec><jats:sec>\n'
'<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n'
'<jats:p>Based on in silico investigations, the chemical constituents from turmeric like '
'cyclocurcumin and curcumin and from <jats:italic>Andrographis paniculata</jats:italic> like '
'andrographolide and dihydroxy dimethoxy flavone, significantly binding with the active site '
'of SARS CoV-2 main protease, may produce significant activity and be useful for further '
'development.</jats:p>\n'
'</jats:sec>',
'DOI': '10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 16]],
'date-time': '2020-10-16T10:03:38Z',
'timestamp': 1602842618000},
'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 57,
'title': 'Activity of phytochemical constituents of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Andrographis paniculata '
'against coronavirus (COVID-19): an in silico approach',
'prefix': '10.1186',
'volume': '6',
'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-4316',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Kalirajan',
'family': 'Rajagopal',
'sequence': 'first',
'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Potlapati', 'family': 'Varakumar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Aparma', 'family': 'Baliwada', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Gowramma', 'family': 'Byran', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}],
'member': '297',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 16]]},
'reference': [ { 'issue': '11',
'key': '126_CR1',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1061',
'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.1585',
'volume': '323',
'author': 'D Wang',
'year': '2020',
'unstructured': 'Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Xiong, Zhao, Li, Wang X, Peng (2020) Clinical '
'characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel '
'coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 323(11):1061–1069. '
'https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585',
'journal-title': 'JAMA.'},
{ 'key': '126_CR2',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, '
'Bruce H, Spitters C, Ericson K, Sara Wilkerson MN, Tural A, Diaz G, Cohn '
'A, Fox LA, Patel A, Gerber SI, Kim L, Tong S, Lu X, Lindstrom S, '
'Pallansch MA, Weldon WC, Biggs HM, Uyeki TM, Pillai SK (2020) First case '
'of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. '
'https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001191',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001191'},
{ 'key': '126_CR3',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '14',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Y Zhou',
'year': '2020',
'unstructured': 'Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W, Cheng F (2020) Network-based '
'drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discov '
'6:14–18',
'journal-title': 'Cell Discov'},
{ 'key': '126_CR4',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Gu J, Han B, Wang J (2020) COVID-19: gastrointestinal manifestations and '
'potential fecal-oral transmission. Gastroenterology. '
'https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054',
'DOI': '10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054'},
{ 'issue': '10226',
'key': '126_CR5',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': 'e42',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30418-9',
'volume': '395',
'author': 'C Calisher',
'year': '2020',
'unstructured': 'Calisher C, Carroll D, Colwell R, Corley RB, Daszak P, Drosten C, '
'Enjuanes L, Farrar J, Field H, Golding J (2020) Statement in support of '
'the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals '
'of China combatting COVID-19. Lancet. 395(10226):e42–e43',
'journal-title': 'Lancet.'},
{ 'issue': '15',
'key': '126_CR6',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '841',
'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa149',
'volume': '71',
'author': 'KK-W To',
'year': '2020',
'unstructured': 'To KK-W, Tsang OT-Y, Yip CC-Y, Chan K-H, Wu T-C, Chan JM-C, Leung W-S, '
'Chik TS-H, Choi CY-C, Kandamby DH (2020) Consistent detection of 2019 '
'novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis 71(15):841–843. '
'https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa149',
'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'},
{ 'key': '126_CR7',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, Wang W, Song H, Huang B, Zhu N, '
'Bi Y, Ma X, Zhan F, Liang W, Hu T, Zhou H, Hu Z, Zhou W, Zhao L, Chen J, '
'Meng Y, Wang J, Yang L, Yuan J, Xie Z, Ma J, Liu WJ, Wang D, Xu W, '
'Holmes EC, Gao GF, Wu G, Chen W, Shi W, Tan W (2020) Genomic '
'characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: '
'implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. '
'https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8'},
{ 'key': '126_CR8',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '270',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7',
'volume': '579',
'author': 'P Zhou',
'year': '2020',
'unstructured': 'Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si H-R, Zhu Y, Li B, '
'Huang C-L, Chen H-D, Chen J, Luo Y, Guo H, Jiang R-D, Liu M-Q, Chen Y, '
'Shen X-R, Wang X, Zheng X-S, Zhao K, Chen Q-J, Deng F, Liu L-L, Yan B, '
'Zhan F-X, Wang Y-Y, Xiao G-F, Shi Z-L (2020) A pneumonia outbreak '
'associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. '
'579:270–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7',
'journal-title': 'Nature.'},
{ 'key': '126_CR9',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Huang Q, Herrmann A (2020) Fast assessment of human receptor-binding '
'capability of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Bio Rxiv. '
'https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.01.930537',
'DOI': '10.1101/2020.02.01.930537'},
{ 'key': '126_CR10',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Zhang H, Kang Z, Gong H, Xu D, Wang J, Li Z, Cui X, Xiao J, Meng T, Wang '
'Z, Liu J, Xu H (2020) The digestive system is a potential route of '
'2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell '
'transcriptomes. bioRxiv:927806. '
'https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.30.927806',
'DOI': '10.1101/2020.01.30.927806'},
{ 'key': '126_CR11',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Chang, L., Yan,Y., Wang, L. (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019: '
'coronaviruses and blood safety. Transfus Med Rev. '
'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.02.003.',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.02.003'},
{ 'key': '126_CR12',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y. (2020) Clinical '
'features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan. '
'China. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5.',
'DOI': '10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5'},
{ 'key': '126_CR13',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '111',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.thromres.2010.11.007',
'volume': '127',
'author': 'P Prakash',
'year': '2011',
'unstructured': 'Prakash P, Misra A, Surin WR, Jain M, Bhatta RS, Pal R (2011) '
'Anti-platelet effects of Curcuma oil in experimental models of '
'myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and thrombosis. Thromb Res 127:111–118. '
'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2010.11.007',
'journal-title': 'Thromb Res'},
{ 'key': '126_CR14',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '937',
'DOI': '10.1248/bpb.28.937',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'M Kuroda',
'year': '2005',
'unstructured': 'Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Nishiyama T, Mae T, Kishida H, Tsukagawa K (2005) '
'Hypoglycemic effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. Rhizomes) on '
'genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice. Biol Pharm Bull 5:937–939',
'journal-title': 'Biol Pharm Bull'},
{ 'issue': '1A',
'key': '126_CR15',
'first-page': '363',
'volume': '23',
'author': 'BB Aggarwal',
'year': '2003',
'unstructured': 'Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC (2003) Anticancer potential of curcumin: '
'preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 23(1A):363–398',
'journal-title': 'Anticancer Res'},
{ 'key': '126_CR16',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'unstructured': 'Parthasarathy VA, Chempakam B, Zachariah TJ (2008) Chemistry of spices. '
'United Kingdom. CABI:445–447',
'DOI': '10.1079/9781845934057.0000'},
{ 'key': '126_CR17',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '672',
'DOI': '10.1055/s-0030-1250549',
'volume': '77',
'author': 'M Haddad',
'year': '2010',
'unstructured': 'Haddad M, Sauvain M, Deharo E (2010) Curcuma as a parasiticidal agent: a '
'review. Planta Med 77:672–678. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250549',
'journal-title': 'Planta Med'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '126_CR18',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '41',
'DOI': '10.1006/phrs.1998.0404',
'volume': '39',
'author': 'Y Abe',
'year': '1999',
'unstructured': 'Abe Y, Hashimoto S, Horie T (1999) Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory '
'cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar '
'macrophages. Pharmacol Res 39(1):41–47',
'journal-title': 'Pharmacol Res'},
{ 'issue': '11',
'key': '126_CR19',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '745',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00050-8',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'B Gupta',
'year': '1999',
'unstructured': 'Gupta B, Ghosh B (1999) Curcuma longa inhibits TNF-alpha induced '
'expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial '
'cells. Int J Immunopharmacol 21(11):745–757',
'journal-title': 'Int J Immunopharmacol'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '126_CR20',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '413',
'DOI': '10.1016/0049-3848(85)90276-2',
'volume': '40',
'author': 'R Srivastava',
'year': '1985',
'unstructured': 'Srivastava R, Dikshit M, Srimal RC, Dhawan BN (1985) Anti-thrombotic '
'effect of curcumin. Thromb Res 40(3):413–417',
'journal-title': 'Thromb Res'},
{ 'key': '126_CR21',
'first-page': '158',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'A Bhatia',
'year': '1964',
'unstructured': 'Bhatia A, Singh GB, Khanna NM (1964) Effect of curcumin, its alkali '
'salts and Curcuma longa oil in histamine-induced gastric ulceration. '
'Indian J Exp Biol 2:158–160',
'journal-title': 'Indian J Exp Biol'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '126_CR22',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '371',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00207-5',
'volume': '147',
'author': 'MC Ramirez-Tortosa',
'year': '1999',
'unstructured': 'Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Mesa MD, Aguilera MC, Quiles JL, Baro L, '
'Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Martinez-Victoria E, Gil A (1999) Oral '
'administration of a turmeric extract inhibits LDL oxidation and has '
'hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits with experimental '
'atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 147(2):371–378',
'journal-title': 'Atherosclerosis'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '126_CR23',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '57',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01677-9',
'volume': '303',
'author': 'DS Kim',
'year': '2001',
'unstructured': 'Kim DS, Park SY, Kim JK (2001) Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. '
'(Zingiberaceae) that protect PC12 rat pheochromocytoma and normal human '
'umbilical vein endothelial cells from betaA(1-42) insult. Neurosci Lett '
'303(1):57–61',
'journal-title': 'Neurosci Lett'},
{ 'issue': '3-4',
'key': '126_CR24',
'first-page': '164',
'volume': '19',
'author': 'C Boopathi',
'year': '2000',
'unstructured': 'Boopathi C (2000) Andrographis spp.: a source of bitter compounds for '
'medicinal use. Anc Sci Life 19(3-4):164–168',
'journal-title': 'Anc Sci Life'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '126_CR25',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '370',
'DOI': '10.1248/jhs.54.370',
'volume': '54',
'author': 'K Jarukamjorn',
'year': '2008',
'unstructured': 'Jarukamjorn K, Nemoto N (2008) Pharmacological aspects of Andrographis '
'paniculata on health and its major diterpenoid constituent '
'andrographolide. J Health Sci 54(4):370–381',
'journal-title': 'J Health Sci'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '126_CR26',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '19',
'DOI': '10.1186/1746-4269-10-19',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'MH Kabir',
'year': '2014',
'unstructured': 'Kabir MH, Hasan N, Rahman MM, Khan JA, Hoque NT, Quddus Bhuiyan MR, Mou '
'SM, Jahan R, Rahmatullah M (2014) A survey of medicinal plants used by '
'the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district, '
'Bangladesh. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 10(1):19',
'journal-title': 'J Ethnobiol Ethnomed'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '126_CR27',
'first-page': '24',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'M Borhanuddin',
'year': '1994',
'unstructured': 'Borhanuddin M, Shamsuzzoha M, Hussain AH (1994) Hypoglycaemic effects of '
'Andrographis paniculata Nees on nondiabetic rabbits. Bangladesh Med Res '
'Counc Bull 20(1):24–26',
'journal-title': 'Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '126_CR28',
'first-page': '66',
'volume': '16',
'author': 'S Akbar',
'year': '2011',
'unstructured': 'Akbar S (2011) Andrographis paniculata: a review of pharmacological '
'activities and clinical effects. Altern Med Rev 16(1):66–77',
'journal-title': 'Altern Med Rev'},
{ 'key': '126_CR29',
'first-page': '208',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'GN Chaturvedi',
'year': '1983',
'unstructured': 'Chaturvedi GN, Tomar GS, Tiwari SK, Singh KP (1983) Clinical studies on '
'Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) in infective hepatitis. J Int '
'Inst Ayurveda 2:208–211',
'journal-title': 'J Int Inst Ayurveda'},
{ 'key': '126_CR30',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '247',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.008',
'volume': '95',
'author': 'VK Dua',
'year': '2004',
'unstructured': 'Dua VK, Ojha VP, Roy R, Joshi BC, Valecha N, Devi CU et al (2004) '
'Anti-malarial activity of some xanthones isolated from the roots of '
'Andrographis paniculata. J Ethnopharmacol 95:247–251',
'journal-title': 'J Ethnopharmacol'},
{ 'key': '126_CR31',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1361',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.intimp.2010.08.002',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'W Parichatikanond',
'year': '2010',
'unstructured': 'Parichatikanond W, Suthisisang C, Dhepakson P, Herunsalee A (2010) Study '
'of anti-inflammatory activities of the pure compounds from Andrographis '
'paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and their effects on gene expression. Int '
'Immunopharmacol 10:1361–1373',
'journal-title': 'Int Immunopharmacol'},
{ 'key': '126_CR32',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '904',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.031',
'volume': '68',
'author': 'SR Jade',
'year': '2007',
'unstructured': 'Jade SR, Suburb GS, Matthews C, Hamzah AS, Lapis NH, Saad MS (2007) '
'Semisynthesis and in vitro anticancer activities of andrographolide '
'analogues. Phytochem 68:904–912',
'journal-title': 'Phytochem'},
{ 'key': '126_CR33',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '205',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.004',
'volume': '95',
'author': 'R Husen',
'year': '2004',
'unstructured': 'Husen R, Pihie AH, Nallappan M (2004) Screening for antihyperglycaemic '
'activity in several local herbs of Malaysia. J Ethnopharmacol 95:205–208',
'journal-title': 'J Ethnopharmacol'},
{ 'key': '126_CR34',
'first-page': '583',
'volume': '57B',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2018',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Mohammed rafick MH, Sankar S, Gowramma B (2018) Green '
'synthesis of some novel chalcone and isoxazole substituted '
'9-anilinoacridine derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial and '
'larvicidal activities. Indian J Chem 57B:583–590',
'journal-title': 'Indian J Chem'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '126_CR35',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '81',
'DOI': '10.4103/2278-344X.115682',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2013',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Muralidharan V, Jubie S, Sankar S (2013) Microwave assisted '
'synthesis, characterization and evaluation for their antimicrobial '
'activities of some novel pyrazole substituted 9-anilino acridine '
'derivatives. Int J Health Allied Sci 2(2):81–87',
'journal-title': 'Int J Health Allied Sci'},
{ 'key': '126_CR36',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '748',
'DOI': '10.1002/jhet.848',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2012',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Muralidharan V, Jubie S, Gowramma B, Gomathy S, Sankar S, '
'Elango K (2012) Synthesis of some novel pyrazole substituted '
'9-anilinoacridine derivatives and evaluation for their antioxidant and '
'cytotoxic activities. J Heterocyclic Chem 49:748–754',
'journal-title': 'J Heterocyclic Chem'},
{ 'key': '126_CR37',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Mohammed rafick MH, Jubie S, Sankar S (2012) Docking '
'studies, synthesis, characterization and evaluation of their antioxidant '
'and cytotoxic activities of some novel isoxazole substituted '
'9-anilinoacridine derivatives. Sci World J:165258. '
'https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/165258',
'DOI': '10.1100/2012/165258'},
{ 'key': '126_CR38',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '217',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.025',
'volume': '56',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2012',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, kulshrestha V, Sankar S, Jubie S (2012) Docking studies, '
'synthesis, characterization of some novel oxazine substituted '
'9-anilinoacridine derivatives and evaluation for their anti-oxidant and '
'anticancer activities as topo isomerase II inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem '
'56:217–224',
'journal-title': 'Eur J Med Chem'},
{ 'key': '126_CR39',
'first-page': '1794',
'volume': '50B',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2011',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Rathore L, Jubie S, Gowramma B, Gomathy S, Sankar S (2011) '
'Microwave assisted synthesis of some novel pyrazole substituted '
'benzimidazoles and evaluation of their biological activities. Indian J '
'Chem 50B:1794–1801',
'journal-title': 'Indian J Chem'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '126_CR40',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '110',
'DOI': '10.5530/ijper.51.1.15',
'volume': '51',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2017',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Sankar S, Jubie S, Gowramma B (2017) Molecular docking '
'studies and in-silico ADMET screening of some novel oxazine substituted '
'9-anilinoacridines as topoisomerase II inhibitors. Indian J Pharm Educ '
'Res 51(1):110–115',
'journal-title': 'Indian J Pharm Educ Res'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '126_CR41',
'first-page': '1039',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2017',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Gowramma B, Jubie S, Sankar S (2017) Molecular docking '
'studies and in silico ADMET screening of some novel heterocyclic '
'substituted 9-anilinoacridines as topoisomerase II inhibitors. JSM Chem '
'5(1):1039–1044',
'journal-title': 'JSM Chem'},
{ 'key': '126_CR42',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '1350',
'DOI': '10.2174/1871520619666190408134224',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2019',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Gaurav K, Pandiselvi A, Gowramma B, Sankar S (2019) Novel '
'thiazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines: synthesis, antitumour activity '
'and structure-activity relationships. Anti-Cancer Agents Med Chem '
'11:1350–1358. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666190408134224',
'journal-title': 'Anti-Cancer Agents Med Chem'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '126_CR43',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '921',
'DOI': '10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000439',
'volume': '80',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2018',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Vivek kulshrestha, Sankar, S. (2018) Synthesis, '
'characterization and evaluation for antitumour activity of some novel '
'oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines and their 3D-QSAR studies. Indian '
'J Pharm Sci 80(5):921–929',
'journal-title': 'Indian J Pharm Sci'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '126_CR44',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '118',
'DOI': '10.2174/2589977511666190912154817',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'R Kalirajan',
'year': '2019',
'unstructured': 'Kalirajan R, Pandiselvi A, Gowramma B, Balachandran P (2019) In-silico '
'design, ADMET screening, MM-GBSA binding free energy of some novel '
'isoxazole substituted9-anilinoacridines as HER2 inhibitors targeting '
'breast cancer. Curr Drug Res Rev 11(2):118–128',
'journal-title': 'Curr Drug Res Rev'},
{ 'key': '126_CR45',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '221',
'DOI': '10.1007/s10822-013-9644-8',
'volume': '27',
'author': 'GM Sastry',
'year': '2013',
'unstructured': 'Sastry GM, Adzhigirey M, Day T, Annabhimoju R, Sherman W (2013) Protein '
'and ligand preparation: parameters, protocols, and influence on virtual '
'screening enrichments. J Comp Aided Mol Design 27:221–234',
'journal-title': 'J Comp Aided Mol Design'},
{ 'key': '126_CR46',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '351',
'DOI': '10.1002/prot.10613',
'volume': '55',
'author': 'MP Jacobson',
'year': '2004',
'unstructured': 'Jacobson MP, Pincus DL, Rapp CS, Day TJF, Honig B, Shaw DE, Friesner RA '
'(2004) A hierarchical approach to all-atom protein loop prediction. '
'Proteins 55:351–367',
'journal-title': 'Proteins'},
{ 'key': '126_CR47',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '6177',
'DOI': '10.1021/jm051256o',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'RA Friesner',
'year': '2006',
'unstructured': 'Friesner RA, Murphy RB, Repasky MP, Frye LL, Greenwood JR, Halgren TA, '
'Mainz DT (2006) Extra precision glide: docking and scoring incorporating '
'a model of hydrophobic enclosure for protein–ligand complexes. J Med '
'Chem 49:6177–6196',
'journal-title': 'J Med Chem'},
{ 'key': '126_CR48',
'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher',
'first-page': '2794',
'DOI': '10.1002/prot.23106',
'volume': '79',
'author': 'J Li',
'year': '2011',
'unstructured': 'Li J, Abel R, Zhu K, Cao Y, Zhao S, Friesner RA (2011) The VSGB 2.0 '
'model: a next generation energy model for high resolution protein '
'structure modelling. Proteins 79:2794–2812',
'journal-title': 'Proteins'},
{ 'key': '126_CR49',
'unstructured': 'Cross R (2020) Chloroquine’s use to treat COVID-19 is backed by US '
'government, but many questions remain. Drug Dev 98(12)'}],
'container-title': 'Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x.pdf',
'content-type': 'application/pdf',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'},
{ 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x/fulltext.html',
'content-type': 'text/html',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'},
{ 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x.pdf',
'content-type': 'application/pdf',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 16]],
'date-time': '2021-10-16T06:56:48Z',
'timestamp': 1634367408000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://fjps.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 16]]},
'references-count': 49,
'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}},
'alternative-id': ['126'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2314-7253'],
'subject': ['General Medicine'],
'container-title-short': 'Futur J Pharm Sci',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 16]]},
'assertion': [ { 'value': '23 April 2020',
'order': 1,
'name': 'received',
'label': 'Received',
'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}},
{ 'value': '4 October 2020',
'order': 2,
'name': 'accepted',
'label': 'Accepted',
'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}},
{ 'value': '16 October 2020',
'order': 3,
'name': 'first_online',
'label': 'First Online',
'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}},
{ 'value': 'Not applicable',
'order': 1,
'name': 'Ethics',
'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}},
{ 'value': 'Not applicable',
'order': 2,
'name': 'Ethics',
'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}},
{ 'value': 'The authors have no competing interests to declare.',
'order': 3,
'name': 'Ethics',
'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}],
'article-number': '104'}
