Preventive Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk for COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sartini et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu16050679, Feb 2024
Mortality, RCTs 84% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Mortality, observation.. 12% ICU admission, obser.. 68% Case, RCTs 60% Case, observational 41% Vitamin D  Sartini et al.  META ANALYSIS c19early.org Sartini et al., Nutrients, February 2024 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 126 studies, recognized in 18 countries.
Lower risk for mortality, ICU, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for 210+ treatments. c19early.org
Meta Analysis
Systematic review and meta analysis of 7 RCTs and 12 observational studies including over 1.2 million participants showing vitamin D prophylaxis associated with lower COVID-19 cases and lower ICU admission.
19 meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-13, mechanical ventilation1,5,6,11,14-16, ICU admission1,3,5,6,9,11,13-18, hospitalization11, severity2,4,5,10,19, and cases7,18,19.
Currently there are 126 vitamin D treatment for COVID-19 studies, showing 38% lower mortality [31‑45%], 19% lower ventilation [-3‑36%], 45% lower ICU admission [28‑58%], 19% lower hospitalization [9‑29%], and 17% fewer cases [9‑24%].
Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.
risk of death, 83.7% lower, OR 0.16, p < 0.001, RCTs, RR approximated with OR.
risk of death, 11.8% lower, OR 0.88, p = 0.38, observational, RR approximated with OR.
risk of ICU admission, 68.3% lower, OR 0.32, p = 0.003, observational, RR approximated with OR.
risk of case, 59.7% lower, OR 0.40, p = 0.004, RCTs, RR approximated with OR.
risk of case, 40.8% lower, OR 0.59, p < 0.001, observational, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Sartini et al., 28 Feb 2024, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
Preventive Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk for COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Marina Sartini, Filippo Del Puente, Martino Oliva, Alessio Carbone, Nicoletta Bobbio, Elisa Schinca, Luana Giribone, Maria Luisa Cristina
Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu16050679
Over the past few decades, vitamin D has been found to play a crucial role in bone homeostasis, muscle function, oncogenesis, immune response and metabolism. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous researchers have tried to determine the role vitamin D might play in the immune response to the virus. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to demonstrate that preventive vitamin D supplementation can play a protective role in the incidence of COVID-19, mortality and admission to intensive care units (ICUs). A comprehensive search on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases was performed on 15 May 2023, and two of the authors independently screened the literature. As effect measures, we calculated the Odds Ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (ICs). The assessment of potential bias and the evaluation of study quality will be conducted independently by two researchers. Sixteen publications were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Our findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation has a protective effect against the incidence of COVID-19 in RCT studies (OR 0.403, 95% IC 0.218, 0.747), in the incidence of COVID-19 in analytical studies (OR = 0.592, 95% IC 0.476-0.736) and in ICU admission (OR 0.317, 95% IC 0.147-0.680). Subsequent analyses were conducted by type of subject treated (patient/healthcare workers) and type of supplementation (vitamin D vs. placebo/no treatment or high dose vs. low dose). Our meta-analysis suggests a definitive and significant association between the protective role of vitamin D and COVID-19 incidence and ICU admission.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Abbreviations
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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