The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Jiahao Meng, Xi Li, Weijie Liu, Yifan Xiao, Hang Tang, Yumei Wu, Yilin Xiong, Shuguang Gao
Clinical Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008
s u m m a r y Background: Vitamin D (VitD) has been shown to be important for the immune response of the respiratory system, but the preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection are controversial. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched systematically from inception to April 17,2023 to identify trials involving a randomized comparison of vitamin D supplementation versus non-vitamin D supplementation for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention or treatment. Results: We retrieved 25 eligible trials, including 8128 participants. Four trials compared the preventive effects of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the results (RR 0.31; 95%CI 0.07 to 1.32) were inconclusive. Regarding the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection with vitamin D supplementation, it was found that vitamin D supplementation could significantly reduce the rates of ICU admission (RR 0.63; 95%CI 0.44 to 0.89) and mechanical ventilation (RR 0.58; 95%CI 0.39 to 0.84), but had no statistically significant effect on mortality. However, in subgroup analyses based on the patients' specific conditions, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the mortality in patients with vitamin D deficiency (RR 0.76; 95%CI 0.58 to 0.98). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may have some beneficial impact on the severity of illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, particularly in VitD deficient patients, but further studies are still needed.
Author contributions Dr Shuguang Gao had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: Gao, Meng. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors. Drafting of the manuscript: Meng, Xiong. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Statistical analysis: Xiao, Wu. Administrative, technical, or material support: Tang, Wu. Supervision: Gao.
Conflicts of interest All authors declare no competing interests.
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008.
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