Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All vitamin D studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin DVitamin D (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Meng et al., Clinical Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008, PROSPERO CRD42023417371
Sep 2023  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 19% Improvement Relative Risk Mortality, multiple dose 41% Ventilation 42% Ventilation, multiple dose 49% ICU admission 37% ICU admission, multiple.. 58% Case 69% Vitamin D for COVID-19  Meng et al.  META ANALYSIS c19early.org Favorsvitamin D Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,000+ studies for 104 treatments. c19early.org
Meta analysis of 25 RCTs showing lower mortality, ventilation, and ICU admission with vitamin D treatment. Results were better for multiple dose vs. single dose trials. For mortality, the results were statistically significant only for multiple dose trials and for trials with vitamin D deficient patients. Prophylaxis showed 69% lower cases, without statistical significance.
19 meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-14, mechanical ventilation1,6,7,12,15,16, ICU admission1,3,6,7,10,12,14-18, hospitalization5,12, severity2,4,6,11,19, and cases8,18,19.
Currently there are 122 vitamin D treatment for COVID-19 studies, showing 36% lower mortality [28‑43%], 19% lower ventilation [-3‑36%], 45% lower ICU admission [28‑58%], 19% lower hospitalization [9‑29%], and 17% fewer cases [9‑24%].
risk of death, 19.0% lower, RR 0.81, p = 0.13.
risk of death, 41.0% lower, RR 0.59, p = 0.001, multiple dose.
risk of mechanical ventilation, 42.0% lower, RR 0.58, p = 0.005.
risk of mechanical ventilation, 49.0% lower, RR 0.51, p = 0.12, multiple dose.
risk of ICU admission, 37.0% lower, RR 0.63, p = 0.01.
risk of ICU admission, 58.0% lower, RR 0.42, p = 0.002, multiple dose.
risk of case, 69.0% lower, RR 0.31, p = 0.12.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Meng et al., 20 Sep 2023, peer-reviewed, 8 authors, trial PROSPERO CRD42023417371. Contact: gaoshuguang0341@qq.com.
This PaperVitamin DAll
The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Jiahao Meng, Xi Li, Weijie Liu, Yifan Xiao, Hang Tang, Yumei Wu, Yilin Xiong, Shuguang Gao
Clinical Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008
s u m m a r y Background: Vitamin D (VitD) has been shown to be important for the immune response of the respiratory system, but the preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection are controversial. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched systematically from inception to April 17,2023 to identify trials involving a randomized comparison of vitamin D supplementation versus non-vitamin D supplementation for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention or treatment. Results: We retrieved 25 eligible trials, including 8128 participants. Four trials compared the preventive effects of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the results (RR 0.31; 95%CI 0.07 to 1.32) were inconclusive. Regarding the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection with vitamin D supplementation, it was found that vitamin D supplementation could significantly reduce the rates of ICU admission (RR 0.63; 95%CI 0.44 to 0.89) and mechanical ventilation (RR 0.58; 95%CI 0.39 to 0.84), but had no statistically significant effect on mortality. However, in subgroup analyses based on the patients' specific conditions, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the mortality in patients with vitamin D deficiency (RR 0.76; 95%CI 0.58 to 0.98). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may have some beneficial impact on the severity of illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, particularly in VitD deficient patients, but further studies are still needed.
Author contributions Dr Shuguang Gao had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: Gao, Meng. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors. Drafting of the manuscript: Meng, Xiong. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Statistical analysis: Xiao, Wu. Administrative, technical, or material support: Tang, Wu. Supervision: Gao. Conflicts of interest All authors declare no competing interests. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008.
References
Ahmed, Ad, Ah, Interleukin-37 is down-regulated in serum of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cytokine
Alexander, Tinkov, Strand, Alehagen, Skalny et al., Early nutritional interventions with zinc, selenium and vitamin D for raising antiviral resistance against progressive COVID-19, Nutrients
Amrein, Scherkl, Hoffmann, Neuwersch-Sommeregger, K€ Ostenberger et al., Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide, Eur J Clin Nutr
Annweiler, Beaudenon, Gautier, Gonsard, Boucher et al., High-dose versus standard-dose vitamin D supplementation in older adults with COVID-19 (COVIT-TRIAL): a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled superiority trial, PLoS Med
Argano, Bocchio, Natoli, Scibetta, Monaco et al., Protective effect of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19-related intensive care hospitalization and mortality: definitive evidence from meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis, Pharmaceuticals
Attaway, Scheraga, Bhimraj, Biehl, Hatipo Glu U, Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management, BMJ
Bennasrallah, Dhouib, Fredj, Zemni, Effect of vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on recovery delay among COVID-19 Tunisian patients: a randomized-controlled clinical trial, Trials
Berlin, Gulick, Martinez, Severe covid-19, N Engl J Med
Bishop, Ashfaq, Melnick, Vazquez-Escarpanter, Fialkow et al., REsCue trial: randomized controlled clinical trial with extended-release calcifediol in symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients, Nutrition
Brunvoll, Nygaard, Ellingjord-Dale, Holland, Istre et al., Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial, Br Med J
Bychinin, Klypa, Mandel, Yusubalieva, Baklaushev et al., Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, Sci Rep
Cannata-Andía, Díaz-Sottolano, Palomo-Antequera, Herrero-Puente, Mouzo, A single-oral bolus of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol at hospital admission did not improve outcomes in the COVID-19 disease: the COVID-VIT-D-a randomised multicentre international clinical trial, BMC Med
Castillo, Costa, Barrios, Díaz, Opez Miranda et al., Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
Cervero, Opez-Wolf, Casado, Mena, Ryan-Murua et al., Beneficial effect of short-term supplementation of high dose of vitamin D(3) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, single-blinded, prospective randomized pilot clinical trial, Front Pharmacol
Charoenngam, Holick, Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease, Nutrients
Di Filippo, Frara, Nannipieri, Cotellessa, Locatelli et al., Low vitamin D levels are associated with Long COVID syndrome in COVID-19 survivors, J Clin Endocrinol Metabol
Domazet Bugarin, Dosenovic, Ilic, Delic, Saric et al., Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients-randomized controlled trial, Nutrients
Elamir, Amir, Lim, Rana, Lopez et al., A randomized pilot study using calcitriol in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, Bone
Gibbons, Norton, Mccullough, Meltzer, Lavigne et al., Association between vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 infection and mortality, Sci Rep
Greiller, Martineau, Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D, Nutrients
Griffin, Hewison, Hopkin, Kenny, Quinton et al., Perspective: vitamin D supplementation prevents rickets and acute respiratory infections when given as daily maintenance but not as intermittent bolus: implications for COVID-19, Clin Med
Higgins, Altman, Gøtzsche, Jüni, Moher et al., The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials, Br Med J
Hosseini, Tremblay, Longo, Glochi, White et al., Oral vitamin D supplemental therapy to attain a desired serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in essential healthcare teams, Trials
Jolliffe, Griffiths, Martineau, Vitamin D in the prevention of acute respiratory infection: systematic review of clinical studies, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
Jolliffe, Holt, Greenig, Talaei, Perdek et al., Effect of a test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation on risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and covid-19: phase 3 randomised controlled trial (CORONAVIT), Br Med J
Karonova, Golovatyuk, Kudryavtsev, Chernikova, Mikhaylova et al., Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on the clinical features and inflammatory markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a randomized, open-label, single-center study, Nutrients
Kümmel, Krumbein, Fragkou, Hünerbein, Reiter et al., Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Front Immunol
Li, Ling, Song, Cheng, Ding et al., Correlation between early plasma interleukin 37 responses with low inflammatory cytokine levels and benign clinical outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, J Infect Dis
Loucera, Peña-Chilet, Medina, Muñoyerro-Muñiz, Villegas et al., Real world evidence of calcifediol or vitamin D prescription and mortality rate of COVID-19 in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized Andalusian patients, Sci Rep
Maghbooli, Sahraian, Jamalimoghadamsiahkali, Asadi, Zarei et al., Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcifediol) is associated with a reduction in the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio marker of disease severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a pilot multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, Endocr Pract : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Mariani, Antonietti, Tajer, Ferder, Inserra et al., High-dose vitamin D versus placebo to prevent complications in COVID-19 patients: multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial, PLoS One
Mazess, Bischoff-Ferrari, Hughes, Vitamin D: bolus is bogus-A narrative review, JBMR plus
Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, PLoS Med
Moukayed, A narrative review on the potential role of vitamin D(3) in the prevention, protection, and disease mitigation of acute and long COVID-19, Current nutrition reports
Murai, Fernandes, Antonangelo, Gualano, Pereira, Effect of a single high-dose vitamin D3 on the length of hospital stay of severely 25-hydroxyvitamin D-deficient patients with COVID-19, Clinics
Murai, Fernandes, Sales, Pinto, Goessler et al., Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA
Niet, Em Ege, Coffiner, Rousseau, Calmes et al., Positive effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Nutrients
Oristrell, Oliva, Casado, Subirana, Domínguez et al., Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 risk: a population-based, cohort study, J Endocrinol Invest
Pham, Rahman, Majidi, Waterhouse, Neale, Acute respiratory tract infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Int J Environ Res Publ Health
Rastogi, Bhansali, Khare, Suri, Yaddanapudi et al., Short term, high-dose vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease: a randomised, placebo-controlled, study (SHADE study), Postgrad Med
S Anchez-Zuno, Alez-Estevez, Matuz-Flores, Macedo-Ojeda, Andez-Bello et al., Vitamin D levels in COVID-19 outpatients from western Mexico: clinical correlation and effect of its supplementation, J Clin Med
Sabico, Enani, Sheshah, Aljohani, Aldisi et al., Effects of a 2-week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation on recovery of symptoms in patients with mild to moderate covid-19: a randomized clinical trial, Nutrients
Said, Abdulbaset, El-Kholy, Besckales, Sabri, The effect of Ni gella sativa and vitamin D3 supplementation on the clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial, Front Pharmacol
Salman, Zaman, Aymun, Khawar, Khan et al., Role of vitamin-d supplementation in COVID-19 patients
Sarhan, Warda, Sarhan, Boshra, Mostafa-Hedeab et al., Evidence for the efficacy of a high dose of vitamin D on the hyperinflammation state in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial, Medicina
Shah, Varna, Sharma, Mavalankar, Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity?: a systematic review, QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians
Soliman, Abdelaziz, Fathy, Impact of vitamin D therapy on the progress COVID-19: six weeks follow-up study of vitamin D deficient elderly diabetes patients, Proc Singapore Healthc
Subramanian, Griffin, Hewison, Hopkin, Kenny et al., Vitamin D and COVID-19-revisited, J Intern Med
Sutherland, Zhou, Hypp€ Onen E, Vitamin D deficiency increases mortality risk in the UK biobank : a nonlinear mendelian randomization study, Ann Intern Med
S√ģrbe, Rednic, Grama, Pop, An update on the effects of vitamin D on the immune system and autoimmune diseases, Int J Mol Sci
Van Helmond, Brobyn, Lariccia, Cafaro, Hunter et al., Vitamin D3 supplementation at 5000 IU daily for the prevention of influenzalike illness in healthcare workers: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial, Nutrients
Villasis-Keever, Opez-Alarc On, Mg, Miranda-Novales, Zurita-Cruz et al., Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation to prevent COVID-19 in frontline healthcare workers. A randomized clinical trial, Arch Med Res
Zaazouee, Eleisawy, Abdalalaziz, Elhady, Ali et al., Hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who received vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol
Zurita-Cruz, Fonseca-Tenorio, Villasís-Keever, Opez-Alarc On, Parra-Ortega et al., Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized COVID-19 pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial, Frontiers in pediatrics
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 7]], 'date-time': '2023-10-07T04:48:11Z', 'timestamp': 1696654091421}, 'reference-count': 54, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'issue': '11', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 1]], 'date-time': '2023-11-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1698796800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 19]], 'date-time': '2023-09-19T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1695081600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.com', 'clinicalnutritionjournal.com', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 20]], 'date-time': '2023-09-20T15:35:52Z', 'timestamp': 1695224152000}, 'page': '2198-2206', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis ' 'of randomized controlled trials', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '42', 'author': [ {'given': 'Jiahao', 'family': 'Meng', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Xi', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Weijie', 'family': 'Liu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yifan', 'family': 'Xiao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hang', 'family': 'Tang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yumei', 'family': 'Wu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yilin', 'family': 'Xiong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-7876', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Shuguang', 'family': 'Gao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'issue': '25', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2451', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMcp2009575', 'article-title': 'Severe covid-19', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Berlin', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N\xa0Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'n436', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.n436', 'article-title': 'Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management', 'volume': '372', 'author': 'Attaway', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2097', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12072097', 'article-title': 'Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Charoenngam', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '17', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '9784', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms23179784', 'article-title': 'An update on the effects of vitamin D on the immune system and ' 'autoimmune diseases', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'S√ģrbe', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '604', 'DOI': '10.1111/joim.13536', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and COVID-19-revisited', 'volume': '292', 'author': 'Subramanian', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Intern Med'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4240', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu7064240', 'article-title': 'Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Greiller', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '321', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.11.017', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D in the prevention of acute respiratory infection: systematic ' 'review of clinical studies', 'volume': '136', 'author': 'Jolliffe', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol'}, { 'issue': '17', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3020', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph16173020', 'article-title': 'Acute respiratory tract infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin D ' 'concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Pham', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Publ Health'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e1106', 'DOI': '10.1210/clinem/dgad207', 'article-title': 'Low vitamin D levels are associated with Long COVID syndrome in ' 'COVID-19 survivors', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'di Filippo', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Clin Endocrinol Metabol'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '665', 'DOI': '10.1093/qjmed/hcac040', 'article-title': 'Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity?: a systematic ' 'review', 'volume': '115', 'author': 'Shah', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1023903', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023903', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Kümmel', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097', 'article-title': 'Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the ' 'PRISMA statement', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Moher', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'd5928', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.d5928', 'article-title': "The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in " 'randomised trials', 'volume': '343', 'author': 'Higgins', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Br Med J'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1019', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13063-022-06944-z', 'article-title': 'Oral vitamin D supplemental therapy to attain a desired serum ' '25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in essential healthcare teams', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Hosseini', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Trials'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '180', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15010180', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D3 supplementation at 5000 IU daily for the prevention of ' 'influenza-like illness in healthcare workers: a pragmatic randomized ' 'clinical trial', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'van Helmond', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '423', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.04.003', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation to prevent COVID-19 in ' 'frontline healthcare workers. A randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'Villasis-Keever', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Arch Med Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib17', 'article-title': 'Effect of a test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation on ' 'risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and covid-19: phase ' '3 randomised controlled trial (CORONAVIT)', 'volume': '378', 'author': 'Jolliffe', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Br Med J'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '111899', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.nut.2022.111899', 'article-title': 'REsCue trial: randomized controlled clinical trial with ' 'extended-release calcifediol in symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients', 'volume': '107', 'author': 'Bishop', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nutrition'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '18604', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-022-22045-y', 'article-title': 'Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and ' 'inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Bychinin', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3048', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14153048', 'article-title': 'Positive effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients hospitalized ' 'for COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'De Niet', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1234', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15051234', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19 ' 'patients-randomized controlled trial', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Domazet Bugarin', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '116175', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bone.2021.116175', 'article-title': 'A\xa0randomized pilot study using calcitriol in hospitalized COVID-19 ' 'patients', 'volume': '154', 'author': 'Elamir', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Bone'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '105751', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105751', 'article-title': 'Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best ' 'available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among ' 'patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study', 'volume': '203', 'author': 'Entrenas Castillo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2602', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14132602', 'article-title': 'Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on the clinical features and ' 'inflammatory markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a randomized, ' 'open-label, single-center study', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Karonova', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1242', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.09.016', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Maghbooli', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Endocr Pract : official journal of the American College of ' 'Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical ' 'Endocrinologists'}, { 'issue': '1156', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '87', 'DOI': '10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139065', 'article-title': 'Short term, high-dose vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease: a ' 'randomised, placebo-controlled, study (SHADE study)', 'volume': '98', 'author': 'Rastogi', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Postgrad Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1011522', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2022.1011522', 'article-title': 'The effect of Ni gella sativa and vitamin D3 supplementation on the ' 'clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled clinical ' 'trial', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Said', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib28', 'first-page': '2378', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D levels in COVID-19 outpatients from western Mexico: clinical ' 'correlation and effect of its supplementation', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Sánchez-Zuno', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Clin Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '943529', 'DOI': '10.3389/fped.2022.943529', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized ' 'COVID-19 pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Zurita-Cruz', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Frontiers in pediatrics'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '863587', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2022.863587', 'article-title': 'Beneficial effect of short-term supplementation of high dose of vitamin ' 'D(3) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, ' 'single-blinded, prospective randomized pilot clinical trial', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Cervero', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2170', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13072170', 'article-title': 'Effects of a 2-week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation ' 'on recovery of symptoms in patients with mild to moderate covid-19: a ' 'randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Sabico', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '123', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13063-023-07114-5', 'article-title': 'Effect of vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on recovery delay ' 'among COVID-19 Tunisian patients: a randomized-controlled clinical ' 'trial', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Abroug', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Trials'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pmed.1003999', 'article-title': 'High-dose versus standard-dose vitamin D supplementation in older ' 'adults with COVID-19 (COVIT-TRIAL): a multicenter, open-label, ' 'randomized controlled superiority trial', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Annweiler', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Med'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '83', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12916-022-02290-8', 'article-title': 'A\xa0single-oral bolus of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol at hospital ' 'admission did not improve outcomes in the COVID-19 disease: the ' 'COVID-VIT-D-a randomised multicentre international clinical trial', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Cannata-Andía', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'BMC Med'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0267918', 'article-title': 'High-dose vitamin D versus placebo to prevent complications in COVID-19 ' 'patients: multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Mariani', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e3549', 'DOI': '10.6061/clinics/2021/e3549', 'article-title': 'Effect of a single high-dose vitamin D3 on the length of hospital stay ' 'of severely 25-hydroxyvitamin D-deficient patients with COVID-19', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'Murai', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Clinics'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1053', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.26848', 'article-title': 'Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay ' 'in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical ' 'trial', 'volume': '325', 'author': 'Murai', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1358', 'DOI': '10.3390/medicina58101358', 'article-title': 'Evidence for the efficacy of a high dose of vitamin D on the ' 'hyperinflammation state in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients: a ' 'randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'Sarhan', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Medicina (Kaunas. Lithuania)'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1177/20101058211041405', 'article-title': 'Impact of vitamin D therapy on the progress COVID-19: six weeks ' 'follow-up study of vitamin D deficient elderly diabetes patients', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Soliman', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Proc Singapore Healthc'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e144', 'DOI': '10.7861/clinmed.2021-0035', 'article-title': 'Perspective: vitamin D supplementation prevents rickets and acute ' 'respiratory infections when given as daily maintenance but not as ' 'intermittent bolus: implications for COVID-19', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Griffin', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Clin Med'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1002/jbm4.10567', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D: bolus is bogus-A narrative review', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Mazess', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JBMR plus'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '23380', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-02701-5', 'article-title': 'Real world evidence of calcifediol or vitamin D prescription and ' 'mortality rate of COVID-19 in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized ' 'Andalusian patients', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Loucera', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2358', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12082358', 'article-title': 'Early nutritional interventions with zinc, selenium and vitamin D for ' 'raising anti-viral resistance against progressive COVID-19', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Alexander', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '568', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiaa713', 'article-title': 'Correlation between early plasma interleukin 37 responses with low ' 'inflammatory cytokine levels and benign clinical outcomes in severe ' 'acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection', 'volume': '223', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '155702', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155702', 'article-title': 'Interleukin-37 is down-regulated in serum of patients with severe ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'volume': '148', 'author': 'Ahmed', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Cytokine'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib46', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '167', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40618-021-01639-9', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 risk: a population-based, cohort ' 'study', 'volume': '45', 'author': 'Oristrell', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Endocrinol Invest'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1498', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41430-020-0558-y', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Amrein', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Clin Nutr'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1552', 'DOI': '10.7326/M21-3324', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency increases mortality risk in the UK biobank : a ' 'nonlinear mendelian randomization study', 'volume': '175', 'author': 'Sutherland', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib49', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '19397', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-022-24053-4', 'article-title': 'Association between vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 infection ' 'and mortality', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Gibbons', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib50', 'article-title': 'Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod ' 'liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple ' 'blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial', 'volume': '378', 'author': 'Brunvoll', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Br Med J'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib51', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '130', 'DOI': '10.3390/ph16010130', 'article-title': 'Protective effect of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19-related ' 'intensive care hospitalization and mortality: definitive evidence from ' 'meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Argano', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Pharmaceuticals'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib52', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '215', 'DOI': '10.1007/s13668-023-00471-2', 'article-title': 'A\xa0narrative review on the potential role of vitamin D(3) in the ' 'prevention, protection, and disease mitigation of acute and long ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Moukayed', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Current nutrition reports'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib53', 'first-page': '322', 'article-title': 'Role of vitamin-d supplementation in COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '2023', 'author': 'Salman', 'year': '2023'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008_bib54', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '607', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00210-022-02360-x', 'article-title': 'Hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who received ' 'vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ' 'randomized controlled trials', 'volume': '396', 'author': 'Zaazouee', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol'}], 'container-title': 'Clinical Nutrition', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0261561423002960?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0261561423002960?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 6]], 'date-time': '2023-10-06T09:10:02Z', 'timestamp': 1696583402000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0261561423002960'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}, 'references-count': 54, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '11', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['S0261561423002960'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0261-5614'], 'subject': ['Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine', 'Nutrition and Dietetics'], 'container-title-short': 'Clinical Nutrition', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: ' 'A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, {'value': 'Clinical Nutrition', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit