Vitamin D on COVID-19 Patients During the Pandemic, 2022. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 2]], 'date-time': '2024-03-02T03:19:34Z', 'timestamp': 1709349574106}, 'reference-count': 69, 'publisher': 'Enviro Research Publishers', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 24]], 'date-time': '2023-04-24T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1682294400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 25]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Numerous connections between the level of vitamin D (Vit-D) and the novel coronavirus ' 'disease -19 (COVID-19) have surfaced during the pandemic. So, we conducted this systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of Vit-D deficiency and its supplementation on ' 'the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. We looked for relevant articles in Cochrane ' 'Library, Scopus, Web Science, PubMed, and EBSCO up until the end of 2022. The Open Meta ' 'Analyst software was used to analyze the extracted data. We classified them into two main ' 'categories based on their objectives. First, the studies that evaluated the effects of Vit-D ' 'deficiency in patients, and lastly, the studies that evaluated Vit-D as a supplement, both on ' 'mortality rate, hospitalization duration, ICU admission rate, and mechanical ventilation ' 'rate. A total of 8001 COVID-19 patients from 42 studies were included. A high serum Vit-D ' 'concentration compared to those with lower levels was associated with a significantly lower ' 'mortality rate (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.11: 2.02, p = 0.01). According to the estimated effect ' 'of 18 studies, those who took Vit-D supplements had a significantly lower mortality rate, ' 'hospitalization duration, ICU admission rate, and mechanical ventilation rate than those who ' 'did not. The group receiving Vit-D doses between 50 000 to 100 000 IU had a significantly ' 'better clinical outcome compared to lower and higher doses. COVID-19 patients with normal ' 'Vit-D levels had significantly lower death rates than those with hypovitaminosis. Vit-D ' 'supplements in COVID-19 significantly improved clinical outcomes. Vit-D supplementation ' 'between 50 000 to 100 000 IU, in patients with COVID-19 significantly outperformed other ' 'doses in terms of mortality.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.12944/crnfsj.11.1.3', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-04-27T08:02:28Z', 'timestamp': 1682582548000}, 'page': '37-60', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/0pyd3js', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 1, 'title': 'Vitamin D on COVID-19 Patients During the Pandemic, 2022. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', 'prefix': '10.12944', 'volume': '11', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-5445', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Moamen Mostafa', 'family': 'Asla', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, ' 'Sharkia, Egypt.'}]}, { 'given': 'Asmaa Ahmed', 'family': 'Nawar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, ' 'Sharkia, Egypt.'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-4365', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Esraa', 'family': 'Elsayed', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '2Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, ' 'Egypt.'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-0812', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Ramadan Abdelmoez', 'family': 'Farahat', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '5Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of ' 'Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt.'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-5271', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Ayah', 'family': 'Abdulgadir', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '6Membership at the Royal Colleague of General ' 'Practitioners[INT], London, United Kingdom.'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-6383', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mostafa Abdullah', 'family': 'Alsharabasy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '1Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, ' 'Sharkia, Egypt.'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-3888', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'sraa Mohamed', 'family': 'Elshahawy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '7Department of Mental Health Primary Care, Nova University, ' 'Lisbon'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-6372', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Samar A.', 'family': 'Amer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': '4Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, ' 'Egypt.'}]}], 'member': '5089', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 25]]}, 'reference': [ {'key': 'ref0', 'unstructured': '1.\tWHO. 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