Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies
Petrelli et al.,
Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of..,
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105883 (meta analysis)
Meta analysis showing vitamin D deficiency associated with higher risk of COVID-19, worse severity, and higher mortality.
Supplementation with vitamin D reduced the risk of severe cases and mortality.
Currently there are
107 vitamin D studies and meta analysis shows:
Petrelli et al., 26 Mar 2021, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
Abstract: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 211 (2021) 105883
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsbmb
Short communication
Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A
systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies
Fausto Petrelli a, *, Andrea Luciani a, Gianluca Perego b, Giuseppina Dognini c,
Paolo Luigi Colombelli c, Antonio Ghidini d
a
Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
Pharmacy Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
Internal Medicine Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
d
Oncology Unit, Casa di cura Igea, Milano, Italy
b
c
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Keywords:
COVID-19
Infection
Vitamin D3
Mortality
Meta-analysis
Vitamin D modulates the systemic inflammatory response through interaction with immune system. As such, it
has a possible protective role against the risk of respiratory tract infections and other diseases. It may be useful in
particular, during COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched from
inception until January 31, 2021, for observational or clinical studies reporting the prognosis (and therapeutic
effect) of COVID-19 infection in patients with deficient vitamin D levels. The infection rate, severity, and death
from COVID-19 infection were pooled to provide an odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval (OR 95 % CI). An
OR > 1 was associated with the worst outcome in deficient compared with nondeficient patients.
We assessed the association between vitamin D and risk, severity, and mortality for COVID-19 infection,
through a review of 43 observational studies. Among subjects with deficient vitamin D values, risk of COVID-19
infection was higher compared to those with replete values (OR = 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.19–1.34; P < .01). Vitamin D
deficiency was also associated with worse severity and higher mortality than in nondeficient patients (OR = 2.6;
95 % CI, 1.84–3.67; P < .01 and OR = 1.22; 95 % CI, 1.04–1.43; P < .01, respectively).
Reduced vitamin D values resulted in a higher infection risk, mortality and severity COVID-19 infection.
Supplementation may be considered as preventive and therapeutic measure.
Vitamin D modulates the systemic inflammatory response through
interaction with most cells of the immune system. As such, it has a
possible protective role against the risk of respiratory tract infections
and other diseases [1]. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in reduced
all-cause mortality, according to a recently published meta-analysis [2].
We aimed to assess the association between vitamin D and risk,
severity, and mortality for COVID-19 infection. PubMed, the Cochrane
Library, and EMBASE were searched from inception until January 31,
2021, for observational or clinical studies reporting the prognosis (and
therapeutic effect) of COVID-19 infection in patients with deficient
vitamin D levels. The search terms were as follows: ((vitamin D [MeSH
Terms]) or (vitamin D) or (25OH vitamin D) OR cholecalciferol OR ergo
calciferol OR calcitriol)) and (“covid-19”).
The infection rate, severity, and death from COVID-19 infection were
pooled to provide an odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval (OR 95
% CI). An OR > 1 was associated with the worst outcome in deficient
compared with nondeficient patients.
The study adhered to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in
Epidemiology..
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