Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin DVitamin D (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

The impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Kow et al., Inflammopharmacology, doi:10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2
Sep 2024  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 28% Improvement Relative Risk Mortality, severe cases 43% Vitamin D for COVID-19  Kow et al.  META ANALYSIS c19early.org Favorsvitamin D Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org
Systematic review and meta analysis of 19 RCTs with 2,495 patients, showing significantly lower mortality with vitamin D treatment.
19 meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-14, mechanical ventilation1,6,7,12,15,16, ICU admission1,3,6,7,10,12,14-18, hospitalization5,12, severity2,4,6,11,19, and cases8,18,19.
Currently there are 122 vitamin D treatment for COVID-19 studies, showing 36% lower mortality [28‑43%], 19% lower ventilation [-3‑36%], 45% lower ICU admission [28‑58%], 19% lower hospitalization [9‑29%], and 17% fewer cases [9‑24%].
risk of death, 28.0% lower, OR 0.72, p = 0.04, RR approximated with OR.
risk of death, 43.0% lower, OR 0.57, p = 0.02, severe cases, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Kow et al., 3 Sep 2024, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
This PaperVitamin DAll
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-09-04T00:29:01Z', 'timestamp': 1725409741629}, 'reference-count': 27, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-09-03T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1725321600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-09-03T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1725321600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'short-container-title': ['Inflammopharmacol'], 'DOI': '10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-09-03T06:02:35Z', 'timestamp': 1725343355000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': [ 'The\xa0impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials'], 'prefix': '10.1007', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-2926', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Chia Siang', 'family': 'Kow', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-7026', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Dinesh Sangarran', 'family': 'Ramachandram', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4058-2215', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Syed Shahzad', 'family': 'Hasan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Zhiyun', 'family': 'Wong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-1690', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Kaeshaelya', 'family': 'Thiruchelvam', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 3]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '1564_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.18502/ijml.v10i3.13746', 'author': 'S Abbasi', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Abbasi S, Fani M, Sayar S, Radmanesh E, Jelvay S, Pahlavanzadeh B, ' 'Arizavi Z, Esmaeelian H, Asadi M, Babaeian N, Yoosefi RP (2023) The ' 'effects of vitamin D3 and N-acetylcysteine administration in patients ' 'with COVID-19 hospitalization in the Iranian population. Int J Med Lab. ' 'https://doi.org/10.18502/ijml.v10i3.13746', 'journal-title': 'Int J Med Lab'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '1564_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '18604', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-022-22045-y', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'MV Bychinin', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Bychinin MV, Klypa TV, Mandel IA et al (2022) Effect of vitamin D3 ' 'supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in ' 'COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Sci Rep 12(1):18604', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '1564_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '83', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12916-022-02290-8', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'JB Cannata-Andía', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Cannata-Andía JB, Díaz-Sottolano A, Fernández P et al (2022) A ' 'single-oral bolus of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol at hospital admission ' 'did not improve outcomes in the COVID-19 disease: the COVID-VIT-D-a ' 'randomised multicentre international clinical trial. BMC Med 20(1):83', 'journal-title': 'BMC Med'}, { 'key': '1564_CR4', 'unstructured': 'Cochrane Methods Bias (2023) RoB 2: a revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool ' 'for randomized trials. ' 'https://methods.cochrane.org/bias/resources/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials. ' 'Accessed 15 July 2024'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': '1564_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3048', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14153048', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'S De Niet', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'De Niet S, Trémège M, Coffiner M et al (2022) Positive effects of ' 'vitamin D supplementation in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a ' 'randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients ' '14(15):3048', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '1564_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1234', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15051234', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'J Domazet Bugarin', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Domazet Bugarin J, Dosenovic S, Ilic D et al (2023) Vitamin D ' 'supplementation and clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19 ' 'patients-randomized controlled trial. Nutrients 15(5):1234. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051234', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '1564_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bone.2021.116175', 'volume': '154', 'author': 'YM Elamir', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Elamir YM, Amir H, Lim S et al (2022) A randomized pilot study using ' 'calcitriol in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Bone 154:116175', 'journal-title': 'Bone'}, { 'key': '1564_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105751', 'volume': '203', 'author': 'M Entrenas Castillo', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Entrenas Castillo M, Entrenas Costa LM, Vaquero Barrios JM et al (2020) ' 'Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best ' 'available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among ' 'patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study. J ' 'Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 203:105751', 'journal-title': 'J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol'}, { 'issue': '14', 'key': '1564_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2023.950465', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'A Ghaseminejad-Raeini', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Ghaseminejad-Raeini A, Ghaderi A, Sharafi A, Nematollahi-Sani B, ' 'Moossavi M, Derakhshani A, Sarab GA (2023) Immunomodulatory actions of ' 'vitamin D in various immune-related disorders: a comprehensive review. ' 'Front Immunol 14(14):950465. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.950465', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '1564_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1277', 'DOI': '10.3390/biomedicines11051277', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'F Jaun', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Jaun F, Boesing M, Luethi-Corridori G et al (2023) Effect of single high ' 'dose vitamin D substitution in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with ' 'vitamin D deficiency on length of hospital stay. Biomedicines ' '11(5):1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051277', 'journal-title': 'Biomedicines'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '1564_CR11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '809', 'DOI': '10.1002/JLB.4COVR1020-698R', 'volume': '110', 'author': 'V Kalia', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Kalia V, Studzinski GP, Sarkar S (2021) Role of vitamin D in regulating ' 'COVID-19 severity-an immunological perspective. J Leukoc Biol ' '110(4):809–819. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.4COVR1020-698R', 'journal-title': 'J Leukoc Biol'}, { 'issue': '2018', 'key': '1564_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '9276380', 'DOI': '10.1155/2018/9276380', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'RAG Khammissa', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Khammissa RAG, Fourie J, Motswaledi MH, Ballyram R, Lemmer J, Feller L ' '(2018) The biological activities of vitamin D and its receptor in ' 'relation to calcium and bone homeostasis, cancer, immune and ' 'cardiovascular systems, skin biology, and oral health. Biomed Res Int ' '22(2018):9276380. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9276380', 'journal-title': 'Biomed Res Int'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '1564_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '575', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12020575', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'DH Kim', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Kim DH, Meza CA, Clarke H, Kim JS, Hickner RC (2020) Vitamin D and ' 'endothelial function. Nutrients 12(2):575. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020575', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '1564_CR14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1172', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph19031172', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'F Leal-Martínez', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Leal-Martínez F, Abarca-Bernal L, García-Pérez A et al (2022) Effect of ' 'a nutritional support system to increase survival and reduce mortality ' 'in patients with COVID-19 in stage III and comorbidities: a blinded ' 'randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health ' '19(3):1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031172', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Public Health'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '1564_CR15', 'first-page': '1242', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Z Maghbooli', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Maghbooli Z, Sahraian MA, Jamalimoghadamsiahkali S et al (2021) ' 'Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (calcifediol) is associated with a ' 'reduction in the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio marker of disease ' 'severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a pilot multicenter, ' 'randomized, placebo-controlled. Double Blind Clin Trial Endocr Pract ' '27(12):1242–1251', 'journal-title': 'Double Blind Clin Trial Endocr Pract'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '1564_CR16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0267918', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'J Mariani', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Mariani J, Antonietti L, Tajer C et al (2022) High-dose vitamin D versus ' 'placebo to prevent complications in COVID-19 patients: multicentre ' 'randomized controlled clinical trial. PLoS ONE 17(5):e0267918', 'journal-title': 'PLoS ONE'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '1564_CR17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2198', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'J Meng', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Meng J, Li X, Liu W, Xiao Y, Tang H, Wu Y, Xiong Y, Gao S (2023) The ' 'role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ' '42(11):2198–2206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008', 'journal-title': 'Clin Nutr'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '1564_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1053', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.26848', 'volume': '325', 'author': 'IH Murai', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP et al (2021) Effect of a single high ' 'dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate ' 'to severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 325(11):1053–1060', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '1564_CR19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.n71', 'volume': '372', 'author': 'MJ Page', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et ' 'al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting ' 'systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '1564_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1736', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15071736', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'S Reino-Gelardo', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Reino-Gelardo S, Palop-Cervera M, Aparisi-Valero N et al (2023) Effect ' 'of an immune-boosting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory food supplement ' 'in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a prospective randomized pilot study. ' 'Nutrients 15(7):1736. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071736', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '1564_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '322', 'DOI': '10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.322', 'volume': '2023', 'author': 'M Salman', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Salman M, Zaman S, Aymun U, Khawar S, Khan I, Karim A (2023) Role of ' 'vitamin-D supplementation in COVID-19 patients. Biol Clin Sci Res J ' '2023(1):322', 'journal-title': 'Biol Clin Sci Res J'}, { 'key': '1564_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.hipert.2024.04.002', 'author': 'RL Sanz', 'year': '2024', 'unstructured': 'Sanz RL, García F, Gutierrez A et al (2024) Vitamin D3 supplementation ' 'in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease and gut dysbiosis. ' 'Hipertens Riesgo Vasc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hipert.2024.04.002', 'journal-title': 'Hipertens Riesgo Vasc'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '1564_CR23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '256', 'DOI': '10.1093/pubmed/fdae007', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'A Singh', 'year': '2024', 'unstructured': 'Singh A, Rastogi A, Puri GD et al (2024) Therapeutic high-dose vitamin D ' 'for vitamin D-deficient severe COVID-19 disease: randomized, ' 'double-blind, placebo-controlled study (SHADE-S). J Public Health (Oxf) ' '46(2):256–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae007', 'journal-title': 'J Public Health (Oxf)'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '1564_CR24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '40', 'DOI': '10.14740/jh956', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'S Soliman', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Soliman S, Ghaly M (2022) Ischemic stroke and bilateral pulmonary ' 'embolism in COVID-19: COVID-associated coagulopathy or heparin-induced ' 'thrombocytopenia. J Hematol 11(1):40–44. https://doi.org/10.14740/jh956', 'journal-title': 'J Hematol'}, { 'key': '1564_CR25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '201010582110414', 'DOI': '10.1177/20101058211041405', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'AR Soliman', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Soliman AR, Abdelaziz TS, Fathy A (2021) Impact of vitamin D therapy on ' 'the progress COVID-19: six weeks follow-up study of vitamin D deficient ' 'elderly diabetes patients. Proc Singap Healthcare 31:20101058211041404', 'journal-title': 'Proc Singap Healthcare'}, { 'key': '1564_CR26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.5812/jkums-140510', 'author': 'M Zamanian', 'year': '2024', 'unstructured': 'Zamanian M, Javadfar Z, Salimi Y, Rahimi MA, Rabieenia E, Rahimi A ' '(2024) Effect of high-dose vitamin D on mortality and hospital length of ' 'stay in ICU patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. J ' 'Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-140510', 'journal-title': 'J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci'}, { 'key': '1564_CR27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3389/fped.2022.943529', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'J Zurita-Cruz', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Zurita-Cruz J, Fonseca-Tenorio J, Villasís-Keever M et al (2022) ' 'Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized ' 'COVID-19 pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Front ' 'Pediatr 10:943529', 'journal-title': 'Front Pediatr'}], 'container-title': ['Inflammopharmacology'], 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-09-03T18:08:47Z', 'timestamp': 1725386927000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 3]]}, 'references-count': 27, 'alternative-id': ['1564'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0925-4692', '1568-5608'], 'issn-type': [{'value': '0925-4692', 'type': 'print'}, {'value': '1568-5608', 'type': 'electronic'}], 'subject': [], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 3]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '13 August 2024', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '22 August 2024', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '3 September 2024', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Conflict of interest'}}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit