Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity? -a systematic review
Komal Shah, Varna Vp, Ujeeta Sharma, Dileep Mavalankar, Jolliffe Martineau Ar, Hooper Da, Greenberg L Rl, Aloia Jf, Al Vitamin, Entrenas Castillo, Costa Lm, Vaquero Barrios, Alcalá Díaz, J F López
doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcac040/6528876
Background and Aim: The evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in 10 reducing severity of COVID-19 is still insufficient. This is partially due to the lack of primary 11 robust trial-based data and heterogenous study designs. This evidence summary, aims to study the 12 effect of vitamin D supplementation on morbidity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 13 patients.
References
Bouillon, Manousaki, Rosen, Trajanoska, Rivadeneira et al., The 281 health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies, Nat Rev 282 Endocrinol
Chen, Mei, Xie, Yuan, Ma et al., Low vitamin D levels do not aggravate COVID-19 risk or death, and vitamin D supplementation does not improve outcomes in 285 hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and GRADE assessment of cohort 286 studies and RCTs, BMJ Open,
doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00744-y28815Chung, Silwal, Kim, Modlin, Jo, Vitamin D-cathelicidin axis: At the 330 crossroads between protective immunity and pathological inflammation during infection. 331, Immune Netw
Grønborg, Tetens, Christensen, Andersen, Jakobsen et al., Vitamin 333 D-fortified foods improve wintertime vitamin D status in women of Danish and Pakistani 334 origin living in Denmark: a randomized controlled trial, Eur J Nutr
Han, Jones, Tangpricha, Brown, Hao et al., High dose Vitamin 264 D administration in ventilated intensive care unit patients: A pilot double blind 265 randomized controlled trial, J Clin Transl Endocrinol,
doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2016.04.004Hariyanto, Intan, Hananto, Harapan, Kurniawan, Vitamin D supplementation 293 and Covid-19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression, Rev 294 Med Virol
Karahan, Katkat, Impact of Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Level on Mortality in Patients 276 with COVID-19 in Turkey, J Nutr Heal Aging
Kulie, Groff, Redmer, Hounshell, Schrager, Vitamin D: An evidence-based 328 review, J Am Board Fam Med
Mercola, Grant, Wagner, Radujkovic, Hippchen et al., Vitamin D 273 and COVID-19 severity and related mortality: a prospective study in Italy, BMC Infect
Murai, Fernandes, Sales, Pinto, Goessler et al., Effect of a 260 Single High Dose of Vitamin D3on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients with Moderate to 261 Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA -J Am Med Assoc
Nikniaz, Akbarzadeh, Hosseinifard, Hosseini, The impact of vitamin D 296 supplementation on mortality rate and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A 297 systematic review and meta-analysis, Pharm Sci
Pal, Banerjee, Bhadada, Shetty, Singh et al., Vitamin D supplementation 299 and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev,
doi:10.1007/s40618-021-30101614-4302Rizzoli, Griffin ; G, Hewison, Hopkin, Kenny, Quinton et al., Vitamin D and 322 COVID-19: Evidence and recommendations for supplementation, R Soc Open Sci,
doi:10.1007/s40520-020-32001678-x321Shah, Saxena, Mavalankar, Vitamin D supplementation, COVID-19 and disease 306 severity: A meta-analysis, Qjm
Shen, Mei, Zhang, Xu, The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Clinical 278 Outcomes for Critically Ill Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of 279 Randomized Clinical Trials, Front Nutr
Stroehlein, Wallqvist, Iannizzi, Mikolajewska, Metzendorf et al., Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review
Vaughan, Trott, Sapkota, Premi, Roberts et al., Changes in 25-315 hydroxyvitamin D levels post-vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian 316 ethnicities and its implications during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, Nutr Diet
Wang, Wang, Li, Chen, Han et al., Human Cathelicidin Inhibits 325 SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Killing Two Birds with One Stone, ACS Infect Dis
Webb, Kazantzidis, Kift, Farrar, Wilkinson et al., Colour Counts: 338 Sunlight and Skin Type as Drivers of Vitamin D Deficiency at UK Latitudes, Nutrients
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 15]], 'date-time': '2022-02-15T15:15:18Z', 'timestamp': 1644938118891},
'reference-count': 0,
'publisher': 'Oxford University Press (OUP)',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 15]],
'date-time': '2022-02-15T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1644883200000},
'content-version': 'am',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model'}],
'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False},
'short-container-title': [],
'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Background and Aim</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>The evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in '
'reducing severity of COVID-19 is still insufficient. This is partially due to the lack of '
'primary robust trial-based data and heterogenous study designs. This evidence summary, aims '
'to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on morbidity and mortality in hospitalized '
'COVID-19 patients.</jats:p>\n'
' </jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>For this study, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published from '
'December 2019 to January 2022 presenting the impact of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 '
'severity were screened and selected from PubMed and Google scholar. After initial screening, '
'10 eligible reviews were identified and quality of included reviews were assessed using '
'AMSTAR and GRADE tools and overlapping among the primary studies used were also '
'assessed.</jats:p>\n'
' </jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>The number of primary studies included in the systematic reviews '
'ranged from 3-13. Meta-analysis of seven systematic reviews showed strong evidence that '
'vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of mortality (Odds ratio: 0.48, 95% CI: '
'0.346-0.664; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in COVID patients. It was also observed that '
'supplementation reduces the need for intensive care (Odds ratio: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.28-0.44; '
'p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and mechanical ventilation (Odds ratio: 0.54; 95% CI: '
'0.411-0.708; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) requirement. The findings were robust and reliable '
'as level of heterogeneity was considerably low. Qualitative analysis showed that supplements '
'(oral and IV) are well tolerated, safe and effective in COVID patients.</jats:p>\n'
' </jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>Findings of this study shows that vitamin D supplementation is '
'effective in reducing COVID-19 severity. Hence vitamin D should be recommended as an adjuvant '
'therapy for COVID-19.</jats:p>\n'
' </jats:sec>',
'DOI': '10.1093/qjmed/hcac040',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 9]], 'date-time': '2022-02-09T12:14:07Z', 'timestamp': 1644408847000},
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 0,
'title': ['Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity? - a systematic review'],
'prefix': '10.1093',
'author': [ { 'given': 'Komal',
'family': 'Shah',
'sequence': 'first',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Public Health '
'Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India'}]},
{ 'given': 'Varna',
'family': 'V P',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'MPH Student, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, '
'Gujarat, 382042, India'}]},
{ 'given': 'Ujeeta',
'family': 'Sharma',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'MPH Student, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, '
'Gujarat, 382042, India'}]},
{ 'given': 'Dileep',
'family': 'Mavalankar',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Director, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, '
'Gujarat, 382042, India'}]}],
'member': '286',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 15]]},
'container-title': ['QJM: An International Journal of Medicine'],
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/qjmed/hcac040/42535932/hcac040.pdf',
'content-type': 'application/pdf',
'content-version': 'am',
'intended-application': 'syndication'},
{ 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/qjmed/hcac040/42535932/hcac040.pdf',
'content-type': 'unspecified',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 15]],
'date-time': '2022-02-15T14:57:16Z',
'timestamp': 1644937036000},
'score': 1,
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 15]]},
'references-count': 0,
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcac040',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['1460-2725', '1460-2393'],
'issn-type': [{'value': '1460-2725', 'type': 'print'}, {'value': '1460-2393', 'type': 'electronic'}],
'subject': ['General Medicine'],
'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 15]]}}
