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Micronutrient perspective on COVID-19: Umbrella review and reanalysis of meta-analyses

Xie et al., Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2174948, PROSPERO CRD42022353953
Feb 2023  
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Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 125 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,300+ studies for 116 treatments. c19early.org
Systematic review and meta analysis of micronutrient supplementation, showing vitamin D supplementation associated with lower mortality, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and severity. Note that forest plots have OR>1 favoring supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency was also associated with higher mortality, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, severity, and cases.
19 meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-14, mechanical ventilation1,6,7,12,15,16, ICU admission1,3,6,7,10,12,14-18, hospitalization5,12, severity2,4,6,11,19, and cases8,18,19.
Currently there are 125 vitamin D treatment for COVID-19 studies, showing 38% lower mortality [30‑45%], 19% lower ventilation [-3‑36%], 45% lower ICU admission [28‑58%], 19% lower hospitalization [9‑29%], and 17% fewer cases [9‑24%].
Study covers zinc and vitamin D.
Xie et al., 15 Feb 2023, peer-reviewed, 16 authors, trial PROSPERO CRD42022353953.
This PaperVitamin DAll
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